Wikipedia's first sentence called it “reference to the islamic commandments”. Today it says “islamic term with several meanings”.
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Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-03.
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The opening as it read in 2020
Ahkam ( aḥkām , "rulings", plural of ḥukm ( حُكْم )) is an Islamic term with several meanings.1 In the Quran, the word hukm is variously used to mean arbitration, judgement, authority, or God 's will. In the early Islamic period, the Kharijites gave it political connotations by declaring that they accept only the hukm of God ( حُكْمُ اللّهِ ). The word acquired new meanings in the course of Islamic history, being used to refer to worldly executive power or to a court decision. In the plural, ahkam , it commonly refers to specific Quranic rules, or to the legal rulings derived using the methodology of fiqh . Sharia rulings fall into one of five categories known as "the five decisions" ( al-aḥkām al-khamsa ): mandatory ( farḍ or wājib ), recommended ( mandūb or mustaḥabb ), neutral/permissible ( mubāḥ ), reprehensible ( makrūh ), and forbidden ( ḥarām ). According to scholar of Islam Joseph Schacht, the categories were developed at least two centuries after Muhammad's time.2 The Oxford Dictionary of Islam . The Origins of Muslim Jurisprudence . There are <ref group=Note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a template (see the help page ).
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 958342103.
The opening as it stood in 2010
Ahkam ( plural of Hukm ) is a reference to the Islamic commandments, derived and understood from religious jurisprudence resources ( ). A law, value, ordinance or ruling of Shari'ah (Islamic law). In order to arrive at any new legal doctrine, or hukm , one must employ a systematic methodology by which to extract meaning from the sources. Traditionally, this methodology has been categorized under the rules of ijtihad (independent reasoning, authentic scholarly endeavor). In the Quran, hukm denotes arbitration, judgement, authority, and Allah's will. Following the passing of Muhammad , with no central legal power in the post- Medina Muslim society, the noun acquired new meanings over time, with hukm coming to refer to temporal executive rule or to a court decision and the plural, ahkam , referring to specific Quranic rules, positive fiqh laws derived from Islamic legal methodology, and rules or edicts. Early in Muslim history, the Kharijites ' declaration to accept only the hukm of Allah (Arabic: حُكْمُ اللّهِ ) gave the word a political connotation.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 346352015.
The opening as it stood in 2015
Ahkam ( plural of Hukm حُكْم ) is a reference to the Islamic commandments, derived and understood from religious jurisprudence resources ( ). A law, value, ordinance or ruling of Shari'ah (Islamic law). In order to arrive at any new legal doctrine, or hukm , one must employ a systematic methodology by which to extract meaning from the sources. Traditionally, this methodology has been categorized under the rules of ijtihad (independent reasoning, authentic scholarly endeavor). In the Quran, hukm denotes arbitration, judgement, authority, and Allah's will. Following the passing of Muhammad , with no central legal power in the post- Medina Muslim society, the noun acquired new meanings over time, with hukm coming to refer to temporal executive rule or to a court decision and the plural, ahkam , referring to specific Quranic rules, positive fiqh laws derived from Islamic legal methodology, and rules or edicts. Early in Muslim history, the Kharijites ' declaration to accept only the hukm of Allah (Arabic: حُكْمُ اللّهِ ) gave the word a political connotation.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 641517217.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Islamic term meaning "rulings" Ahkam ( aḥkām , "rulings", plural of ḥukm ( حُكْم )) is an Islamic term with several meanings. In the Quran , the word hukm is variously used to mean arbitration, judgement, authority, or God 's will. In the early Islamic period, the Kharijites gave it political connotations by declaring that they accept only the hukm of God ( حُكْمُ اللّهِ ). The word acquired new meanings in the course of Islamic history, being used to refer to worldly executive power or to a court decision. In the plural, ahkam , it commonly refers to specific Quranic rules, or to the legal rulings derived using the methodology of fiqh . Sharia rulings fall into one of five categories known as "the five decisions" ( al-aḥkām al-khamsa ): mandatory ( farḍ or wājib ), recommended ( mandūb or mustaḥabb ), neutral/permissible ( mubāḥ ), reprehensible ( makrūh ), and forbidden ( ḥarām ). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam . The Origins of Muslim Jurisprudence . There are <ref group=Note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a template (see the help page ).
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1169022443.
The opening as it stood in 2025
Islamic term meaning "rulings" Ahkam ( Arabic : أحكام , romanized : aḥkām , lit. ' rulings ' , plural of ḥukm , حُكْم ) is an Islamic term with several meanings. In the Quran , the word hukm is variously used to mean arbitration, judgement, authority, or God 's will. In the early Islamic period, the Kharijites gave it political connotations by declaring that they accept only the hukm of God ( حُكْمُ اللّهِ ). The word acquired new meanings in the course of Islamic history, being used to refer to worldly executive power or to a court decision. In the plural, ahkam , it commonly refers to specific Quranic rules, or to the legal rulings derived using the methodology of fiqh . Sharia rulings fall into one of five categories known as "the five decisions" ( al-aḥkām al-khamsa ): mandatory ( farḍ or wājib ), recommended ( mandūb or mustaḥabb ), neutral/permissible ( mubāḥ ), disliked ( makrūh ), and forbidden ( ḥarām ). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam . The Origins of Muslim Jurisprudence . There are <ref group=Note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a template (see the help page ).
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1289629834. This is our newest snapshot; the live article may have moved again since.
Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “reference to the islamic commandments”. Today it says “islamic term with several meanings”. Read the current article and compare.
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2010, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
reference to the islamic commandments
Now
islamic term with several meanings
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.