Did Wikipedia remove the word "settler" from the Converso article?

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When did the Converso article stop using the word "settler"?

The word appeared 1 times in the opening at its peak in 2010. It appears nowhere in the article today, checked against the live article on 2026-08-02.

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What did Wikipedia remove from the Converso article?

The opening as it read in 2010

Conversos ( Spanish and Portuguese for "a convert", from Latin conversus , "converted, turned around") and its feminine form conversa referred to Jews or Muslims or the descendants of Jews or Muslims who converted to Catholicism in Spain and Portugal , particularly during the 14th and 15th centuries. Mass conversions took place under great governmental pressure.¹ The Treaty of Granada (1491) at the last surrender of al-Andalus issued clear protection of religious rights, the Alhambra Decree (1492) began the reversal.² See the main articles: Morisco for New Christians of Moorish origin.³ The term morisco may also refer to Crypto-Muslims , i.e. those who secretly continued to practice Islam . Marrano for New Christians of Jewish origin. The term marrano may also refer to Crypto-Jews , i.e. those who secretly continued to practice Judaism .⁴ Conversos were subject to suspicion and harassment from both the community they were leaving and that which they were joining. Both Christians and Jews called them tornadizo (renegade). Jaime I , Alfonso X and Juan I passed laws forbidding the use of this epithet. This was part of a larger pattern of royal protection, as laws were promulgated to protect their property, forbid attempts to reconvert them, and regulate the behavior of the conversos themselves, preventing their cohabitation or even dining with Jews, lest they convert back. The conversos did not enjoy legal equality. Alfonso VII prohibited the "recently converted" from holding office in Toledo . They had both supporters and bitter opponents within the Christian secular and religious leadership. Conversos could be found in various roles within the Iberian kingdoms, from bishop to royal mistress, showing a degree of general acceptance, yet they became targets of occasional pogroms during times of extreme social tension (as during an epidemic and after an earthquake.) They were subject to the Spanish and Portuguese inquisitions . While pure blood (so-called limpieza de sangre ) would come to be placed at a premium, particularly among the nobility, in a 15th-century defense of conversos , Bishop Lope de Barrientos would list what Roth calls "a veritable 'Who's Who' of Spanish nobility" as having converso members or being of converso descent. He pointed out that given the near-universal conversion of Iberian Jews during Visigothic times, (quoting Roth) "[W]ho among the Christians of Spain could be certain that he is not a descendant of those conversos ?" According to a widely publicited recent study (December 2008) published in the American Journal of Human Genetics, 19.8 percent of modern Spaniards (and Portuguese) have DNA reflecting Sephardic Jewish ancestry (compared to 10.6 percent having DNA reflecting Moorish ancestors. . The Sephardic result is in contradiction or not replicated in all the body of genetic studies done in Iberia and has been relativized by the authors themselves and questioned by Stephen Oppenheimer who estimate that much earlier migrations, 5,000 to 10,000 years ago from the Eastern Mediterranean might also have accounted for the Sephardic estimates. "They are really assuming that they are looking at this migration of Jewish immigrants, but the same lineages could have been introduced in the Neolithic" . The same authors in also a recent study (October 2008) attributed most of those same lineages in Iberia and the Balearic Islands as of Phoenician origin .The rest of genetic studies done in Spain estimate the Moorish contribution ranging from 2.5/3.4% to 7.7% . The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula , Adams et al. 2008 Reduced genetic structure of the Iberian peninsula revealed by Y-chromosome analysis: implications for population demography , Flores et al. 2004 Mitochondrial DNA affinities at the Atlantic fringe of Europe , Gonzalez et al. 2003 Toward resolution of the debate regarding purported crypto-Jews in a Spanish-American population: evidence from the Y chromosome , Sutton et al. 2006 " Despite alternative possible sources for lineages ascribed a Sephardic Jewish origin ", [1] "La cifra de los sefardíes puede estar sobreestimada, ya que en estos genes hay mucha diversidad y quizá absorbieron otros genes de Oriente Medio" ( "The Sephardic result may be overestimated , since there is much diversity in those genes and maybe absorbed other genes from the Middle East") . ¿Pone en duda Calafell la validez de los tests de ancestros? “Están bien para los americanos, nosotros ya sabemos de dónde venimos” (Puts Calafell in doubt the validity of ancestry tests? " [2] “We think it might be an over estimate" "The genetic makeup of Sephardic Jews is probably common to other Middle Eastern populations, such as the Phoenicians, that also settled the Iberian Peninsula, Calafell says. "ese 20% de españoles que el estudio señala como descendientes de sefardíes podrían haber heredado ese rasgo de movimiento más antiguos, como el de los fenicios o, incluso, primeros pobladores neolíticos hace miles de años." "Dr.⁵

This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 352823717.

The opening as it stood in 2005

Converso ( Spanish for "a convert", from Latin conversus , "converted, turned around") and its feminine form conversa referred to Jews or Muslims or the descendants of Jews or Muslims who had converted, sometimes unwillingly, to Catholicism in Spain , particularly during the 1300s and 1400s . See the main articles: Morisco for New Christians of Moorish origin. Marrano for New Christians of Jewish origin. The term marrano is especially used to refer to Crypto-Jews , i.e. those who secretly continued to practise Judaism. Jewish conversos were often suspected of preserving their ancestral rites in this way and were an especial target of the Spanish Inquisition , but they contributed disproportionately to cultural and political life in Spain and included Saint Teresa of Avila and, it was alleged, the Grand Inquisitor Tomás de Torquemada himself. Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Converso . If an internal link incorrectly led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 16094870.

The opening as it stood in 2015 20 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear

A converso ( ; ; , ; "a convert", from Latin conversvs , "converted, turned around") and its feminine form conversa was a Jew or Muslim who converted to Catholicism in Spain or Portugal , particularly during the 14th and 15th centuries, or one of their descendents. Mass conversions at that time took place under considerable government pressure including threat of death or great bodily harm. The Treaty of Granada (1491) at the last surrender of Al-Andalus issued clear protections of religious rights; the Alhambra Decree (1492) began the reversal. New Christians of Moorish origin were known as moriscos ( Galician and ). The term morisco may also refer to Crypto-Muslims , i.e. those who secretly continued to practice Islam . New Christians of Jewish origin were referred to as marranos . The term marrano may also refer to Crypto-Jews , i.e. those who secretly continued to practice Judaism .

Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 656804123.

The opening as it stood in 2020 6 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear

Jew who converted to Catholicism in Spain or Portugal Further information: Anusim and Marrano A converso ( ; ; feminine form conversa ), "convert", (from Latin conversvs ' converted, turned around ' ) was a Jew who converted to Catholicism in Spain or Portugal , particularly during the 14th and 15th centuries, or one of his or her descendants. The majority of Spain's Jews converted to Christianity as a result of the pogroms in 1391. To safeguard the Old Christian population and make sure that converso " New Christians " were true to their new faith, the Holy Office of the Inquisition was established in Spain in 1481. The Catholic monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella expelled those remaining openly practising Jews by the Alhambra decree of 1492, following the Christian Reconquista (reconquest) of Spain. However, even a significant proportion of these remaining practising Jews chose to join the already large converso community rather than face exile. Conversos who did not fully or genuinely embrace Catholicism, but continued to practise Judaism in secrecy , were referred to as judaizantes (" Judaizers ") and pejoratively as marranos ("swine"). New Christian converts of Muslim origin were known as moriscos . Unlike Jewish conversos , moriscos were subject to an edict of expulsion even after their conversion to Catholicism, which was implemented severely in the eastern region of Valencia and less so in other parts of Spain. Conversos played an important role in the 1520–1521 Revolt of the Comuneros , a popular uprising and civil war centered on the region of Castile against the imperial pretensions of the Spanish monarchy. "Líderes de origen judeoconverso en las ciudades castellanas durante la revuelta comunera: su papel al frente de Común de pecheros" .

Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 960968945.

The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023 2 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear

Jew who converted to Catholicism in Spain or Portugal A converso ( ; ; feminine form conversa ), "convert", (from Latin conversvs ' converted, turned around ' ) was a Jew who converted to Catholicism in Spain or Portugal , particularly during the 14th and 15th centuries, or one of their descendants. To safeguard the Old Christian population and make sure that the converso " New Christians " were true to their new faith, the Holy Office of the Inquisition was established in Spain in 1478. The Catholic Monarchs of Spain Ferdinand and Isabella expelled the remaining openly practising Jews by the Alhambra Decree of 1492, following the Christian Reconquista (reconquest) of Spain. However, a significant proportion of these remaining practising Jews chose to join the already large converso community rather than face exile. Conversos who did not fully or genuinely embrace Catholicism, but continued to practise Judaism in secrecy , were referred to as judaizantes " Judaizers " and pejoratively as marranos "swine". New Christian converts of Muslim origin were known as moriscos . Unlike Jewish conversos , moriscos were subject to an edict of expulsion even after their conversion to Catholicism, which was implemented severely in Valencia and in Aragón and less so in other parts of Spain. Conversos played a vital role in the 1520–1521 Revolt of the Comuneros , a popular uprising in the Crown of Castile against the rule of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor . "Líderes de origen judeoconverso en las ciudades castellanas durante la revuelta comunera: su papel al frente de Común de pecheros" .

Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1176117784.

The opening as it stood in 2025

Jew who converted to Catholicism in Spain or Portugal ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) For the phenomenon of conversos secretly maintaining Jewish practices, see Crypto-Judaism and Anusim . Further information: Marrano A converso ( Spanish: [komˈbeɾso] ; Portuguese: [kõˈvɛɾsu] ; feminine form conversa ), "convert" (from Latin conversus ' converted, turned around ' ), was a Jew who converted to Catholicism in Spain or Portugal , particularly during the 14th and 15th centuries, or one of their descendants. To safeguard the Old Christian population and make sure that the converso " New Christians " were true to their new faith, the Holy Office of the Inquisition was established in Spain in 1478. The Catholic Monarchs of Spain Ferdinand and Isabella expelled the remaining openly practising Jews by the Alhambra Decree of 1492, following the Christian Reconquista (reconquest) of Spain. However, a significant proportion of these remaining practising Jews chose to join the already large converso community rather than face exile. Conversos who did not fully or genuinely embrace Catholicism, but continued to practise Judaism in secrecy , were referred to as judaizantes " Judaizers " and pejoratively as marranos . New Christian converts of Muslim origin were known as moriscos . Unlike Jewish conversos , moriscos were subject to an edict of expulsion even after their conversion to Catholicism, which was implemented severely in Valencia and in Aragón and less so in other parts of Spain. Conversos played a vital role in the 1520–1521 Revolt of the Comuneros , a popular uprising in the Crown of Castile against the rule of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor . "Líderes de origen judeoconverso en las ciudades castellanas durante la revuelta comunera: su papel al frente de Común de pecheros" .

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