Daher al-Umar

Daher el-Omar in Acre . Painted by Ziad Daher Zedany Femily tree from Daher up to day. Painted by Ziad Daher Zedany The remains of el-Omar's castle in Deir Hanna Daher el-Omar (also: Dhaher, Dhahar) (Arabic ظاهر آل عمر الزيداني ẓāhir Āl ʿumar az-zaydānī , born ca. 1690, died August 21, 1775) was the Arab - Bedouin ruler of the Galilee district of the southern Levant during the mid-18th century. The founder of modern Haifa , he fortified many cities, among them Acre (city) .

Daher el-Omar (alternatively spelled Dhaher al-Omar or Zahir al-Umar ) (Arabic ظاهر آل عمر الزيداني ẓāhir Āl ʿumar az-zaydānī , ca. 1690 – 21 August 1775) was the autonomous Arab ruler of northern Palestine during the mid-18th century, during the Ottoman era . He fortified Acre and under his rule the city became a prosperous center of the cotton trade between Palestine and Europe . In the mid-1760s, he founded modern-day Haifa . Daher successfully withstood assaults and sieges by the governors of the Sidon and Damascus provinces, who sought to limit or eliminate his influence. He was often supported in these confrontations by the rural Shia Muslim clans of Lebanon . In 1771, in alliance with Ali Bey al-Kabir of Egypt and backed by the Russian Empire , he captured Sidon , while Ali Bey's forces conquered Damascus , both acts in open defiance of the Ottoman sultan . At the peak of his power in 1774, Daher's autonomous rule extended from Beirut to Gaza and included the Jabal Amil and Ajlun regions. However, by then, Ali Bey was dead, the Ottomans made peace with the Russians, and the Sublime Porte felt secure enough to check Daher's power. The Ottoman Navy attacked his stronghold of Acre in the summer of 1775 and he was killed outside its walls shortly after. The wealth Daher accumulated through monopolizing the cotton market and setting his own prices to European importers financed his sheikhdom . Together with his flexible taxation policies and his battlefield reputation, these factors made him popular among the local peasantry . Daher was notably tolerant of religious minorities, and encouraged Christian and Jewish participation in the local economy. This led to the significant growth of the Christian communities in Acre and Nazareth and the Jewish community in Tiberias. Daher's rule also saw the construction of numerous building works across the Galilee.

Zahir al-Umar al-Zaydani , alternatively spelled Daher al-Omar or Dahir al-Umar ( ; Ẓāhir āl-ʿUmar az-Zaydānī , 1689/90 – 21 August 1775) was the autonomous Arab ruler of Palestine in the mid-18th century, while the area was still nominally part of the Ottoman Empire . He fortified Acre, and the city became a center of the cotton trade between Palestine and Europe. In the mid-1760s, he reestablished the port town of Haifa nearby. Zahir successfully withstood assaults and sieges by the Ottoman governors of the Sidon and Damascus provinces, who attempted to limit or eliminate his influence. He was often supported in these confrontations by the rural Shia Muslim clans of Jabal Amil . In 1771, in alliance with Ali Bey al-Kabir of the Eyalet of Egypt and with backing from Russia , Zahir captured Sidon , while Ali Bey's forces conquered Damascus , both acts in open defiance of the Ottoman sultan . At the peak of his power in 1774, Zahir's autonomous sheikhdom extended from Beirut to Gaza and included the Jabal Amil and Jabal Ajlun regions. By then, however, Ali Bey had been killed, the Ottomans entered into a truce with the Russians, and the Sublime Porte felt secure enough to check Zahir's power. The Ottoman Navy attacked his Acre stronghold in the summer of 1775 and he was killed outside of its walls shortly after. The wealth Zahir accumulated through monopolizing Palestine's cotton and olive oil trade to Europe financed his sheikhdom. The aforementioned factors, along with Zahir's flexible taxation policies and his battlefield reputation made him popular among the local peasantry . Zahir's tolerance of religious minorities encouraged Christian and Jewish immigration to his domain. The influx of immigrants from other parts of the empire stimulated the local economy and led to the significant growth of the Christian communities in Acre and Nazareth and the Jewish community in Tiberias. He and his family, the Zaydani clan , also patronized the construction of commercial buildings, houses of worship and fortifications throughout Galilee. Zahir's founding of a virtually autonomous state in Palestine has made him a national hero among Palestinians today.

Arab ruler of northern Palestine (1689/90–1775) Zahir al-Umar al-Zaydani , alternatively spelled Daher al-Omar or Dahir al-Umar ( , 1689/90 – 21 or 22 August 1775) was the autonomous Palestinian ruler of northern Palestine in the mid-18th century, while the region was part of the Ottoman Empire . He fortified Acre, and the city became the center of the cotton trade between Palestine and Europe. In the mid-1760s, he reestablished the port town of Haifa nearby. Zahir withstood sieges and assaults by the Ottoman governors of Damascus , who attempted to limit or eliminate his influence. He was often supported in these confrontations by the Shia Muslim clans of Jabal Amil . In 1771, in alliance with Ali Bey al-Kabir of the Egypt Eyalet and with backing from Russia , Zahir captured Sidon , while Ali Bey's forces conquered Damascus , both acts in open defiance of the Ottoman sultan . At the peak of his power in 1774, Zahir's rule extended from Beirut to Gaza and included the Jabal Amil and Jabal Ajlun regions. By then, however, Ali Bey had been killed, the Ottomans entered into a truce with the Russians, and the Ottoman imperial government felt secure enough to check Zahir's power. The Ottoman Navy attacked his Acre stronghold in the summer of 1775 and he was killed outside of its walls shortly after. The wealth Zahir accumulated through monopolizing Palestine's cotton and olive oil trade to Europe financed his sheikhdom. The aforementioned factors, along with Zahir's flexible taxation policies and his battlefield reputation made him popular among the local peasantry . Zahir's tolerance of religious minorities encouraged Christian and Jewish immigration to his domain. The influx of immigrants from other parts of the empire stimulated the local economy and led to the significant growth of the Christian communities in Acre and Nazareth and the Jewish community in Tiberias. He and his family, the Banu Zaydan , patronized the construction of commercial buildings, houses of worship and fortifications throughout the Galilee. Zahir's rule over a virtually autonomous area in Palestine has made him a national hero among Palestinians today. There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).

Arab ruler of northern Palestine (1689/90–1775) Zahir al-Umar al-Zaydani , alternatively spelled Dhaher el-Omar or Dahir al-Umar ( Arabic : ظاهر العمر الزيداني , romanized : Ẓāhir al-ʿUmar az-Zaydānī , 1689/90 – 21 or 22 August 1775), was an Arab ruler of northern Palestine in the mid-18th century, while the region was part of the Ottoman Empire . He fortified Acre, and the city became the center of the cotton trade between Palestine and Europe. In the mid-1760s, he reestablished the port town of Haifa nearby. Zahir withstood sieges and assaults by the Ottoman governors of Damascus , who attempted to limit or eliminate his influence. He was often supported in these confrontations by the Shia Muslim clans of Jabal Amil . In 1771, in alliance with Ali Bey al-Kabir of the Egypt Eyalet and with backing from Russia , Zahir captured Sidon , while Ali Bey's forces conquered Damascus , both acts in open defiance of the Ottoman sultan . At the peak of his power in 1774, Zahir's rule extended from Beirut to Gaza and included the Jabal Amil and Jabal Ajlun regions. By then, however, Ali Bey had been killed, the Ottomans entered into a truce with the Russians, and the Ottoman imperial government felt secure enough to check Zahir's power. The Ottoman Navy attacked his Acre stronghold in the summer of 1775 and he was killed outside of its walls shortly after. The wealth Zahir accumulated through monopolizing Palestine's cotton and olive oil trade to Europe financed his sheikhdom. The aforementioned factors, along with Zahir's flexible taxation policies and his battlefield reputation made him popular among the local peasantry . Zahir's tolerance of religious minorities encouraged Christian and Jewish immigration to his domain. The influx of immigrants from other parts of the empire stimulated the local economy and led to the significant growth of the Christian communities in Acre and Nazareth and the Jewish community in Tiberias. He and his family, the Banu Zaydan , patronized the construction of commercial buildings, houses of worship and fortifications throughout the Galilee. Zahir's rule over a virtually autonomous area in Palestine has made him a national hero among Palestinians today. The Digital Archaeological Atlas of the Holy Land (DAAHL), accessed 25 Sep 2024. There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).