Wikipedia's first sentence called it “german scholar of islamic history”. Today it says “german scholar of islamic history and co-editor of the third edition of the encyclopaedia of islam”.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-03.
We saved snapshots of this article over twenty years; you are reading the October 6, 2023 one. Red dashes: removed from Wikipedia since.Pale dots: rewritten; the numbered note shows what it says now.Red text: written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot.1 tap a number or a side note to jump between them
The opening as it read in October 6, 2023
Gudrun Krämer (born 1953) is a German scholar of Islamic history and co-editor of the third edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam . She is professor of Islamic studies, Chair of the Institute of Islamic Studies at the Free University of Berlin and a member of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities . Her expertise is in topics related to modern Islamic history and in Islam, democracy, and modernity. Award for Islamic Studies Scholar at Freie Universität at the official website of the Free University of Berlin. A History of Palestine : From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel at the official Princeton University Press website.
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 1136828079.
The opening as it stood in 2010
Gudrun Krämer is a German scholar of Islamic history. She is professor of Islamic studies and Chair of the Institute of Islamic Studies at the Free University of Berlin . Her expertise is in topics related to modern Islamic history and in Islam, democracy, and modernity.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 287639821.
The opening as it stood in 2015
Gudrun Krämer is a German scholar of Islamic history and co-editor of the third edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam .She is professor of Islamic studies, Chair of the Institute of Islamic Studies at the Free University of Berlin and a member of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities . Her expertise is in topics related to modern Islamic history and in Islam, democracy, and modernity. Award for Islamic Studies Scholar at Freie Universität at the official website of the Free University of Berlin.A History of Palestine : From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel at the official Princeton University Press website.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 662709405.
The opening as it stood in 2020
Gudrun Krämer (born 1953) is a German scholar of Islamic history and co-editor of the third edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam . She is professor of Islamic studies, Chair of the Institute of Islamic Studies at the Free University of Berlin and a member of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities . Her expertise is in topics related to modern Islamic history and in Islam, democracy, and modernity. Award for Islamic Studies Scholar at Freie Universität at the official website of the Free University of Berlin. A History of Palestine : From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel at the official Princeton University Press website.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 960733354.
Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “german scholar of islamic history”. Today it says “german scholar of islamic history and co-editor of the third edition of the encyclopaedia of islam”. Read the current article and compare.
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2010, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
german scholar of islamic history
Now
german scholar of islamic history and co-editor of the third edition of the encyclopaedia of islam
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.
