Case file
Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “sydenham clark parsons professor of history at smith college”. Today it says “american historian and the sydenham clark parsons professor of american studies and history”.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-03.
We saved snapshots of this article over twenty years; you are reading the 2010 one. Red dashes: removed from Wikipedia since.
Pale dots: rewritten; the numbered note shows what it says now.
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The opening as it read in 2010
She received her B.A. from Wellesley College and her Ph.D. from Harvard University . Her book, Alma Mater, (1984) is a comprehensive history of the development of the Seven Sister Colleges .1
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 323619559.
Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “sydenham clark parsons professor of history at smith college”. Today it says “american historian and the sydenham clark parsons professor of american studies and history”. Read the current article and compare.
| 2010 | 2015 | 2020 | Oct '23 | 2025 |
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What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2010, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
sydenham clark parsons professor of history at smith college
Now
american historian and the sydenham clark parsons professor of american studies and history
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.