Islam in Europe

Islam in Europe by percentage of country population This article deals with the history and evolution of the Islamic religion in Europe . According to the German Central Institute Islam Archive , the total number of Muslims in Europe in 2007 was about 53 million, including 16 million in the European Union .

Islam in Europe by percentage of country population Islam gained its first foothold in continental Europe in 711 with the Umayyad conquest of Hispania . They advanced into France but in 732, were defeated by the Franks at the Battle of Tours . Over the centuries the Umayyads were gradually driven south and in 1492 the Moorish Emirate of Granada surrendered to Ferdinand V and Isabella . Muslim civilians were expelled from Spain and by 1614 none remained. Islam entered Eastern and Southeastern Europe in what are now parts of Russia and Bulgaria in the 13th century. The Ottoman Empire expanded into Europe taking Huge portions of the Byzantine Empire in the 14th and 15th centuries. Over the centuries, the Ottoman Empire also gradually lost almost all of its European territories, until the empire collapsed in 1922. However, parts of the Balkans (such as Albania , Kosovo , Macedonia and Bosnia ) continued to have a large populations of Muslims. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries substantial numbers of Muslims immigrated to Europe . By 2010 an estimated 44 million Muslims were living in Europe.

Islam in Europe by percentage of country population Islam is the second-largest religion in Europe after Christianity . Although the majority of Muslim communities in Western Europe formed recently, there are centuries-old Muslim societies in the Balkans , Caucasus , Crimea , and Volga region . The term " Muslim Europe " is used to refer to the Muslim-majority countries in the Balkans ( Albania , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Kosovo , and Turkey ) and parts of countries in Eastern Europe with sizable Muslim minorities ( Bulgaria , Montenegro , North Macedonia , and some republics of Russia ) that constitute large populations of native European Muslims, although the majority are secular . Islam expanded into the Caucasus through the Muslim conquest of Persia in the 7th century and entered Southern Europe through the expansion after the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in the 8th–10th centuries; Muslim political entities existed firmly in what is today Spain , Portugal , Sicily , and Malta during the Middle Ages . The Muslim populations in these territories were either converted to Christianity or expelled by the end of the 15th century by the Christian rulers (see Reconquista ). The Ottoman Empire further expanded into Southeastern Europe and consolidated its political power by invading and conquering huge portions of the Serbian Empire , Bulgarian Empire , and all the remaining territories of the Byzantine Empire in the 14th and 15th centuries. Over the centuries, the Ottoman Empire gradually lost almost all of its European territories , until it was defeated and eventually collapsed in 1922 . Islam spread in Eastern Europe via the conversion of the Volga Bulgars , Cuman-Kipchaks , and later the Golden Horde and its successor khanates, with its various Muslim populations called " Tatars " by the Russians . Historically significant Muslim populations in Europe include the Gorani , Torbeshi , Pomaks , Bosniaks , Muslim Albanians , Cham Albanians , Greek Muslims , Vallahades , Muslim Romani people , Balkan Turks , Turkish Cypriots , Cretan Turks , Yörüks , Volga Tatars , Crimean Tatars , Kazakhs , Gajals , and Megleno-Romanians . In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, large numbers of Muslims immigrated to Western Europe . By 2010, an estimated 44 million Muslims were living in Europe (6%), including an estimated 19 million in the EU (3.8%). They are projected to compose 8% or 58 million by 2030. They are often the subject of intense discussion and political controversies sparked by events such as Islamic terrorist attacks in European countries , The Satanic Verses controversy , the cartoons affair in Denmark , debates over Islamic dress , and growing support for right-wing populist movements and parties that view Muslims as a threat to European culture and liberal values . Such events have also fueled ongoing debates regarding the topics of globalization , multiculturalism , Islamophobia , relations between Muslims and other religious groups , and populist politics . Global religious futures Europe Cesari, Jocelyne (January–June 2002). "Introduction - "L'Islam en Europe: L'Incorporation d'Une Religion" " . Cahiers d'Études sur la Méditerranée Orientale et le monde Turco-Iranien (in French). 33 . The Oxford Handbook of European Islam . "Les musulmans des Balkans Ou l'islam de "l'autre Europe"/The Balkans Muslims Or the Islam of the "Other Europe" " . Religions, pouvoir et société: Europe centrale, Balkans, CEI . Le Courrier de Pays de l'Est (in French). 5 (1045). Les musulmans de l'Europe du Sud-Est: Des Empires aux États balkaniques . In Malik, Jamal; Zarrabi-Zadeh, Saeed (eds.). Security and Human Rights . 23 (4). In Juergensmeyer, Mark (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Global Religions . "The Islamization of the Meglen Vlachs (Megleno-Romanians): The Village of Nânti (Nótia) and the "Nântinets" in Present-Day Turkey". Violent Non-State Actors: From Anarchists to Jihadists . Routledge Studies on Challenges, Crises, and Dissent in World Politics (1st ed.). In Rydgren, Jens (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right . There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).

Islam in Europe by percentage of country population Islam is the second-largest religion in Europe after Christianity . Although the majority of Muslim communities in Western Europe formed as a result of immigration, there are centuries-old indigenous European Muslim communities in the Balkans , Caucasus , Crimea , and Volga region . The term " Muslim Europe " is used to refer to the Muslim-majority countries in the Balkans and the Caucasus ( Albania , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Kosovo , Turkey , and Azerbaijan ) and parts of countries in Central and Eastern Europe with sizable Muslim minorities ( Bulgaria , Montenegro , North Macedonia , and some republics of Russia ) that constitute large populations of indigenous European Muslims, although the majority are secular . Islam expanded into the Caucasus through the Muslim conquest of Persia in the 7th century and entered Southern Europe after the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in the 8th–10th centuries; Muslim political entities existed firmly in what is today Spain , Portugal , Sicily , and Malta during the Middle Ages . The Muslim populations in these territories were either converted to Christianity or expelled by the end of the 15th century by the indigenous Christian rulers (see Reconquista ). The Ottoman Empire further expanded into Southeastern Europe and consolidated its political power by invading and conquering huge portions of the Serbian and Bulgarian empires, and the remaining territories of the region, including the Albanian and Romanian principalities , and the kingdoms of Bosnia , Croatia and Hungary in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries. Over the centuries, the Ottoman Empire gradually lost its European territories . Islam was particularly influential in the territories of Albania, Bosnia and Hercegovina, and Kosovo, and has remained the dominant religion in these countries. During the Middle Ages , Islam spread in parts of Central and Eastern Europe through the Islamization of several Turkic ethnic groups , such as the Cumans , Kipchaks , Tatars , and Volga Bulgars under the Mongol invasions and conquests in Eurasia , and later under the Golden Horde and its successor khanates, with its various Muslim populations collectively referred to as "Turks" or "Tatars". Islam from the Turkic world first established a foothold in the territory of Hungary at the end of the 9th century, via the Hungarian tribes , who migrated from the Asian Steppe . A significant Muslim population remained in the country until the mid-13th century. Historically significant Muslim populations in Europe include the Azerbaijanis , Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians , Gorani , Torbeshi , Pomaks , Bosniaks , Chechens , Muslim Albanians , Böszörmény , Khalyzians , Ingush , Greek Muslims , Vallahades , Muslim Romani people , Balkan Turks , Turkish Cypriots , Cretan Turks , Yörüks , Volga Tatars , Crimean Tatars , Lipka Tatars , Kazakhs , Gajals , and Megleno-Romanians . "Introduction - "L'Islam en Europe: L'Incorporation d'Une Religion" " . Cahiers d'Études sur la Méditerranée Orientale et le monde Turco-Iranien (in French). 33 . The Oxford Handbook of European Islam . "Les musulmans des Balkans Ou l'islam de "l'autre Europe"/The Balkans Muslims Or the Islam of the "Other Europe" " . Religions, pouvoir et société: Europe centrale, Balkans, CEI . Le Courrier de Pays de l'Est (in French). 5 (1045). Les musulmans de l'Europe du Sud-Est: Des Empires aux États balkaniques . In Malik, Jamal; Zarrabi-Zadeh, Saeed (eds.). Security and Human Rights . 23 (4). Yearbook of Muslims in Europe . In Juergensmeyer, Mark (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Global Religions . In Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce (eds.). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire . The Genesis of the Turks: An Ethno-Linguistic Inquiry into the Prehistory of Central Eurasia . Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient . 62 (2-3: Mobility Transformations and Cultural Exchange in Mongol Eurasia ). "The Islamization of the Meglen Vlachs (Megleno-Romanians): The Village of Nânti (Nótia) and the "Nântinets" in Present-Day Turkey". There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).