The word “massacre” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak in October 6, 2023. Today the opening carries none. 2 remain further down the article, where a reader arriving from a search result does not go.
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Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-02. “massacre” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak. Today the opening has none; the body has 2.
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The opening as it read in October 6, 2023
K. von Kressenstein Saud bin Abdulaziz Fatali Khan Khoyski Noe Zhordania Neutral : Heydar Latifiyan † Farman Farma Rais-Ali Delvari † Strength 2,550,000 1,000,000 Several 100,000's Several 100,000's 70.000 30,000 (1916) 50,000+ (1918) 20,000+ 2,000 Total: 4,000,000+ 3,059,205 ( total conscripts ) 800,000 (peak) 323,000 (during Armistice ) 6,500 (1916) 20,000 (1918) ~6,000 (1918) 9,000 (1918) ~8,000-16,000 Casualties and losses ~1,250,000 Breakdown Casualties by country 1,005,000 140,000+ 47,000+ "A few hundred" 1,560,000 771,844 dead/missing 695,375 wounded 145,104 captured Unknown total 3,200+ captured ~2,275,000 civilians dead due to the genocide perpetrated by the Young Turk regime between 1914–1918 (1,500,000 Armenians , 500,000 Greeks , 275,000 Assyrians ) ~1,200,000 Ottoman Muslim civilians dead from famine, disease and massacre at the hands of Russian troops and their Armenian auxiliaries, in the vilayet of Van and other Easternmost Ottoman provinces 2,000,000 Persians dead from famine and disease Total: ~5,500,000 civilians dead Pictorial map of the Middle East in 1915 The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I saw action between 29 October 1914 and 30 October 1918.1 The combatants were, on one side, the Ottoman Empire (including the majority of Kurdish tribes , a relative majority of Arabs , and some Iranian peoples), with some assistance from the other Central Powers ; and on the other side, the British (with the help of Jews , Greeks , Assyrians , some Kurdish tribes and Arab states, along with Hindu, Sikh and Muslim colonial troops from India ) as well as troops from the British Dominions of Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, the Russians (with the help of Armenians , Assyrians, and occasionally some Kurdish tribes), and the French (with its North African and West African Muslim, Christian and other colonial troops) from among the Allied Powers . There were five main campaigns: the Sinai and Palestine , Mesopotamian , Caucasus , Persian , and Gallipoli campaigns . Both sides used local asymmetrical forces in the region. On the Allied side were Arabs who participated in the Arab Revolt and the Armenian militia who participated in the Armenian resistance during the Armenian genocide ; along with Armenian volunteer units , the Armenian militia formed the Armenian Corps of the First Republic of Armenia in 1918. In addition, the Assyrians joined the Allies and saw action in Southeastern Turkey, northern Mesopotamia (Iraq), northwestern Iran and northeastern Syria following the Assyrian genocide , instigating the Assyrian war of independence . The theatre covered the largest territory of all theatres in the war. Russian participation in the theatre ended as a result of the Armistice of Erzincan (5 December 1917), after which the revolutionary Russian government withdrew from the war under the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (3 March 1918). The Armenians attended the Trebizond Peace Conference (14 March 1918) which resulted in the Treaty of Batum on 4 June 1918. The Ottomans accepted the Armistice of Mudros with the Allies on 30 October 1918, and signed the Treaty of Sèvres on 10 August 1920 and later the Treaty of Lausanne on 24 July 1923. The Kurdish 'natural' opposition to the Hamidiye is mentioned by Kamal Madhar Ahmad among the reasons for the adherence of some Kurdish chieftains to Russia. [...] In addition, as General Korsun states, the Russian 'conquest' of Erzincan created an opportunity for Russia to establish contact with the Kurds of Dersim, 'who were rising up against the Turks'. During World War One, the Western powers, in particular the British, promised the Kurds an independent state to encourage them to revolt against their Ottoman rulers.2 Austro-Hungarian Forces in World War I . Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: a comparative study . Number refers only to those laying siege to Medina by the time it surrendered and does not account for Arab insurgents elsewhere. The French gave us 20,000 Lebel rifles, whilst several French officers, together with the few Russian officers who had remained behind, set about organisms our Assyrian army, the numbers of which had grown to more than 20,000 Broadberry, S. The Economics Of World War I . Sükrü Hanioglu, page 181, 2010 "MK/QİO ilə işğalçı qoşunların say tərkibi, silah və hərbi texnikasına BAXIŞ (FOTOLAR) - I Yazı" . A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War By Huseyin (FRW) Kivrikoglu, Edward J. Jacobs (eds.) Dictionary of Genocide. The war had created an economic catastrophe, invading armies had ruined farmland and irrigation works, crops and livestock were stolen or destroyed, and peasants had been taken from their fields and forced to serve as laborers in the various armies.3
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The opening as it stood in 2010
The breakdown of Ottoman casualties is listed under Ottoman casualties of World War I The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I was the scene of action between 2 November 1914, and 29 October 1918. The combatants were the Ottoman Empire , with some assistance from the other Central Powers , and primarily the British and the Russians among the Allies of World War I . There were five main campaigns: the Sinai and Palestine Campaign , the Mesopotamian Campaign , the Caucasus Campaign , the Persian Campaign and the Gallipoli Campaign . There were the minor North African Campaign (World War I) , Arabia and Southern Arabia Campaign and Aden Campaign . Besides the regular forces both sides used asymmetrical forces in the region. Participating on the Allied side were Arabs who participated in the Arab Revolt , and Armenian militia who participated Armenian Resistance . The Armenian volunteer units and Armenian militia formed the Armenian Corps of Democratic Republic of Armenia in 1918. This theatre encompassed the largest territory of all the theatres of the war. The Russian participation ended with the Armistice of Erzincan (5 December 1917) and the revolutionary Russian government eventually withdrew from the war with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (3 March 1918). The Armenians attended the Trabzon Peace Conference (14 March 1918) and resulting with the Treaty of Batum on 4 June 1918. The Ottomans accepted the Armistice of Mudros with the Allies on 30 October 1918, and signed the Treaty of Sèvres on 10 August 1920.
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The breakdown of Ottoman casualties is listed under Ottoman casualties of World War I The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I saw action between 29 October 1914 and 30 October 1918.The combatants were on the one hand, the Ottoman Empire (including Kurds , Persians and some Arab tribes), with some assistance from the other Central Powers , and on the other hand, the British (with the help of Jews and the majority of the Arabs), the Russians and the French from the Allies of World War I . There were five main campaigns: the Sinai and Palestine Campaign , the Mesopotamian Campaign , the Caucasus Campaign , the Persian Campaign , and the Gallipoli Campaign . There were also several minor campaigns: the North African Campaign , Arab Campaign , and South Arabia Campaign .Both sides used local asymmetrical forces in the region.On the Allied side were Arabs who participated in the Arab Revolt and the Armenian militia who participated in the Armenian Resistance during the Armenian Genocide ; along with Armenian volunteer units , the Armenian militia formed the Armenian Corps of the First Republic of Armenia in 1918.In addition, the Assyrians joined the Allies following the Assyrian genocide , instigating the Assyrian war of independence .The Turkish Ottomans had the support of Kurds, Turcomans, Circassians, Chechens and a number of Iranian, Arab and Berber groups.The theatre covered the largest territory of all theatres in the war.Russian participation in the theatre ended as a result of the Armistice of Erzincan (5 December 1917), after which the revolutionary Russian government withdrew from the war under the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (3 March 1918).The Armenians attended the Trabzon Peace Conference (14 March 1918) which resulted in the Treaty of Batum on 4 June 1918.The Ottomans accepted the Armistice of Mudros with the Allies on 30 October 1918, and signed the Treaty of Sèvres on 10 August 1920 and later the Treaty of Lausanne on 24 July 1923.Austro-Hungarian Forces in World War I .Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: a comparative study .
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The opening as it stood in 2020 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I saw action between 29 October 1914 and 30 October 1918. The combatants were, on one side, the Ottoman Empire (including Kurds and some Arab tribes), with some assistance from the other Central Powers ; and on the other side, the British (with the help of Jews , Greeks , Assyrians and the majority of the Arabs, along with Indians under its empire), the Russians (with the help of Armenians ) and the French from among the Allied Powers . There were five main campaigns: the Sinai and Palestine Campaign , the Mesopotamian Campaign , the Caucasus Campaign , the Persian Campaign , and the Gallipoli Campaign . There were also several minor campaigns: Arab Campaign , and South Arabia Campaign . Both sides used local asymmetrical forces in the region. On the Allied side were Arabs who participated in the Arab Revolt and the Armenian militia who participated in the Armenian Resistance during the Armenian Genocide ; along with Armenian volunteer units , the Armenian militia formed the Armenian Corps of the First Republic of Armenia in 1918. In addition, the Assyrians joined the Allies following the Assyrian genocide , instigating the Assyrian war of independence . The theatre covered the largest territory of all theatres in the war. Russian participation in the theatre ended as a result of the Armistice of Erzincan (5 December 1917), after which the revolutionary Russian government withdrew from the war under the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (3 March 1918). The Armenians attended the Trabzon Peace Conference (14 March 1918) which resulted in the Treaty of Batum on 4 June 1918. The Ottomans accepted the Armistice of Mudros with the Allies on 30 October 1918, and signed the Treaty of Sèvres on 10 August 1920 and later the Treaty of Lausanne on 24 July 1923. Austro-Hungarian Forces in World War I . Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: a comparative study . Number refers only to those laying siege to Medina by the time it surrendered and does not account for Arab insurgents elsewhere.The Economics Of World War I .Sükrü Hanioglu, page 181, 2010 https://ordu.az/az/news/140271/mk-qio-ile-isgalci-qosunlarin-say-terkibi,-silah-ve-herbi-texnikasina-baxis-fotolar-i-yazi Kostiner, Joseph (1993).
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The opening as it stood in 2025 7 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I saw action between 30 October 1914 and 30 October 1918. The combatants were, on one side, the Ottoman Empire , with some assistance from the other Central Powers ; and on the other side, the British (with the help of a small number of Jews , Greeks , Armenians , some Kurdish tribes and Arab states, along with Hindu, Sikh and Muslim colonial troops from India ) as well as troops from the British Dominions of Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, the Russians (with the help of Armenians , Assyrians, and occasionally some Kurdish tribes), and the French (with its North African and West African Muslim, Christian and other colonial troops) from among the Allied Powers . There were five main campaigns: the Sinai and Palestine , Mesopotamian , Caucasus , Persian , and Gallipoli campaigns . Both sides used local asymmetrical forces in the region. On the Allied side were Arabs who participated in the Arab Revolt and the Armenian militia who participated in the Armenian resistance supported by Russia during the War; along with Armenian volunteer units , the Armenian militia formed the Armenian Corps of the First Republic of Armenia in 1918. In addition, the Assyrians joined the Allies and saw action in Southeastern Turkey, northern Mesopotamia (Iraq), northwestern Iran and northeastern Syria following the Assyrian genocide , instigating the Assyrian war of independence . Turks were persecuted by the invading Russian troops in the east and by Greek troops and Armenian fedayis in the west, east, and south of Anatolia . The theatre covered the largest territory of all theatres in the war. Russian participation in the theatre ended as a result of the Armistice of Erzincan (5 December 1917), after which the revolutionary Russian government withdrew from the war under the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (3 March 1918). The Armenians attended the Trebizond Peace Conference (14 March 1918) which resulted in the Treaty of Batum on 4 June 1918. The Ottomans accepted the Armistice of Mudros with the Allies on 30 October 1918, and signed the Treaty of Sèvres on 10 August 1920 and later the Treaty of Lausanne on 24 July 1923. Austro-Hungarian Forces in World War I . Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: a comparative study . Number refers only to those laying siege to Medina by the time it surrendered and does not account for Arab insurgents elsewhere. The French gave us 20,000 Lebel rifles, whilst several French officers, together with the few Russian officers who had remained behind, set about organisms our Assyrian army, the numbers of which had grown to more than 20,000 Broadberry, S. The Economics Of World War I . Sükrü Hanioglu, page 181, 2010 "MK/QİO ilə işğalçı qoşunların say tərkibi, silah və hərbi texnikasına BAXIŞ (FOTOLAR) - I Yazı" .
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“massacre” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak. Today the opening has none; the body has 2. Read the current article and compare.
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