Ja'far al-Sadiq

Jaʿfar ibn Muhammad al-Sādiq ( ) (702-765 C.E. or 17th Rabī‘ al-Awwal 83 AH - 25th Shawwāl 148 AH ) is the sixth infallible Imam of Shi'a Muslims , or spiritual leader and successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad . He is the Imam recognized by both Ismaili and Twelver Shi'a sects and the dispute over who was to succeed him led to a division within Shi'a Islam. Al-Sadiq was the most celebrated, greatest in rank among his brothers and stood out among their group for his great merit. He is said to be highly respected by both Shia and Sunni Muslims for his great Islamic scholarship, pious character, and academic contributions. The last name "Jaafari" is highly respected in the Middle East, especially in Iran, Pakistan, etc. Although he is perhaps most famous as the founder of Shia fiqh , known as Ja'fari or Jaafari jurisprudence , he had many other accomplishments. He is the equivalent of the combination of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in Christian jurisprudence and was the teacher of many subsequent scholars such as the founders of the Hanafi, Maliki and Akhbari schools of thought. As well as being an Imam on the Shia chain, he is also a member of the Naqshbandi Sufi chain. He was a polymath : an astronomer , alchemist , Imam , Islamic scholar , Islamic theologian , writer , philosopher , physician , physicist and scientist . He was also the teacher of the famous chemist , Jābir ibn Hayyān (Geber), and a contemporary of Abū Ḥanīfa , founder of the Hanafi school of Sunni jurisprudence. A Brief History of The Fourteen Infallibles . A Brief History of The Fourteen Infallibles . Names, Natures and Things .

Ja'far ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣādiq ( ‎; 700 or 702–765 C.E. ), commonly known as Ja'far al-Sadiq or simply al-Sadiq (The Truthful), is the sixth Shia Imam . He was a descendant of Ali from his father Muhammad al-Baqir 's side and a descendant of Abu Bakr from his mother Farwa 's side. He is the last individual to be recognized by all Shia sects as an Imam (except the Zaydiyyah ), and is revered by Sunni Muslims as a transmitter of Hadith and a prominent jurist . Al-Sadiq was born in either 700 or 702 CE. He inherited the position of imam from his father in his mid-thirties. As imam, al-Sadiq stayed out of the political conflicts that embroiled the region, evading the many requests for support that he received from rebels. He was the victim of some harassment by the Abbasid caliphs, and was eventually, according to most Shi'a Muslims, poisoned at the orders of the Caliph al-Mansur. He was a significant figure in the formulation of Shia doctrine. The traditions recorded from al-Sadiq are said to be more numerous than all hadiths recorded from all other Shiite imams combined. As the founder of " Ja'fari jurisprudence ", al-Sadiq also elaborated the doctrine of Nass (divinely inspired designation of each imam by the previous imam), and Ismah (the infallibility of the imams), as well as that of Taqiyyah . The question of succession after al-Sadiq's death was the cause of division among Shiites who considered his eldest son, Isma'il (who had died before his father) to be the next imam, and those who believed his third son Musa al-Kadhim was the imam. The first group became known as the Ismailis and the second, larger, group was named Ja'fari or the Twelvers . Story of the Holy Ka’aba . Muhammadi Trust of Great Britain . A Brief History of The Fourteen Infallibles . A Brief History of The Fourteen Infallibles . Translated by Seyyed Hossein Nasr . Selected and with a Foreword by Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i ; Translated with Explanatory Notes by William Chittick ; Under the Direction of and with an Introduction by Hossein Nasr .

8th-century Muslim scholar and scientist Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad aṣ-Ṣādiq ( ‎; 700 or 702–765 CE ), commonly known as Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq or simply as-Sadiq (The Truthful), was an 8th-century Muslim scholar. He is an Imam and founder of the Ja'fari school of jurisprudence by Twelver and Isma'ili Shi’as , and a major figure in the Hanafi and Maliki schools of Sunni jurisprudence. Al-Sadiq is the 6th Imam for Twelvers, is recognized by the majority of the Shi’a as an Imam, and is revered in Sunni Islam as a transmitter of hadiths , therefore a prominent jurist , and a mystic to Sufis . Despite his wide-ranging attributions in a number religious disciplines, no works penned by Ja'far himself remain extant. Al-Sadiq was born in either 700 or 702 CE . He inherited the position of imam from his father in his mid-thirties. As a Shi’a Imam, al-Sadiq stayed out of the political conflicts that embroiled the region, evading the many requests for support that he received from rebels. He was the victim of some harassment by the Abbasid caliphs, and was eventually, according to Shi’a Muslims, poisoned at the orders of the Caliph Al-Mansur . In addition to his connection with Sunni schools of Sunni jurisprudence, he was a significant figure in the formulation of Shia doctrine. The traditions recorded from al-Sadiq are said to be more numerous than all hadiths recorded from all other Shia imams combined. As the founder of Ja'fari jurisprudence , al-Sadiq also elaborated the doctrine of Nass (divinely inspired designation of each imam by the previous imam), and Ismah (the infallibility of the imams), as well as that of Taqiyyah . The question of succession after al-Sadiq's death was the cause of division among Shi’a who considered his eldest son, Isma'il (who had reportedly died before his father) to be the next Imam, and those who believed his third son Musa al-Kadhim was the imam. The first group became known as the Ismailis and the second, larger, group was named Ja'fari or the Twelvers . A Brief History of The Fourteen Infallibles . According to Gleaves, most sources give 702 as the year of his birth, but there are some which give 699 and others which give 705. The named reference "Gleaves" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page ). A Brief History of The Fourteen Infallibles . Translated by Seyyed Hossein Nasr . Selected and with a Foreword by Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i ; Translated with Explanatory Notes by William Chittick ; Under the Direction of and with an Introduction by Hossein Nasr .

He was the founder of the Jaʿfarī school of Islamic jurisprudence and the sixth Imam of the Twelver and Ismāʿīlī denominations of Shīʿa Islam . The traditions ( ḥadīth ) recorded from al-Ṣādiq and his predecessor, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Bāqir , are said to be more numerous than all the ḥadīth reports preserved from the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the other Shīʿīte Imams combined. Among other theological contributions, he elaborated the doctrine of nass (divinely inspired designation of each Imam by the previous Imam) and isma (the infallibility of the Imams), as well as that of taqiya (religious dissimulation under prosecution). Al-Ṣādiq is also important to Sunnīs as a jurist and transmitter of ḥadīth , and a teacher to the Sunnī scholars and Imams Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān and Mālik ibn Anas , who founded the Ḥanafī and Mālikī schools of Sunnī jurisprudence, respectively. Al-Ṣādiq also figures prominently in the initiatic chains of many Sufi orders . A wide range of religious and scientific works were attributed to him, though no works penned by al-Ṣādiq remain extant. Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq was born around 700 CE, perhaps in 702. He was about thirty-seven when his father, Muḥammad al-Bāqir , died after designating him as the next Imam. As the sixth Shīʿīte Imam, al-Ṣādiq kept aloof from the political conflicts that embroiled the region, evading the requests for support that he received from rebels. He was the victim of some harassment by the Abbasid caliphs and was eventually, according to Shīʿīte sources, poisoned at the instigation of the caliph al-Mansur . The question of succession after al-Ṣādiq's death divided the early Shīʿa community. Some considered the next Imam to be his eldest son, Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar , who had predeceased his father. Others accepted the Imamate of his younger son and brother of Ismāʿīl, Mūsā al-Kāẓim . The first group became known as the Ismāʿīlīs , whereas the second and larger group was named Jaʽfari or the Twelvers .

Known by the title al-Sadiq ("The Truthful"), Ja'far was the eponymous founder of the Ja'fari school of Islamic jurisprudence . In the canonical Twelver hadith collections, more traditions are cited from Ja'far than that of the other Imams combined, although their attribution to him is questionable, making it hard to determine his actual teachings. Among the theological contributions ascribed to him are the doctrine of nass (divinely inspired designation of each Imam by the previous Imam) and isma (the infallibility of the Imams), as well as that of taqiya (religious dissimulation under persecution). Al-Sadiq is also revered by Sunni Muslims as a reliable transmitter of hadith , and a teacher to the Sunni scholars Abu Hanifa and Malik ibn Anas , the namesakes of the Hanafi and Maliki schools of jurisprudence. Al-Sadiq also figures prominently in the initiatic chains of many Sufi orders . A wide range of religious and scientific works were attributed to him, though no works penned by al-Sadiq remain extant. Ja'far al-Sadiq was born around 700, perhaps in 702. He was about thirty-seven when his father, Muhammad al-Baqir , died after designating him as the next Imam. As the sixth Shia Imam, al-Sadiq kept aloof from the political conflicts that embroiled the region, evading the requests for support that he received from rebels. He was the victim of some harassment by the Abbasid caliphs and was eventually, according to Shia sources, poisoned at the instigation of the caliph al-Mansur . The question of succession after al-Sadiq's death divided the early Shi'a community. Some considered the next Imam to be his eldest son, Isma'il al-Mubarak , who had predeceased his father. Others accepted the Imamate of his younger son and brother of Isma'il, Musa al-Kazim . The first group became known as the Isma'ili , whereas the second and larger group was named Ja'fari or the Twelvers .