Julianus ben Sabar

Julianus ben Sabar (also known as Julian or Julianus ben Sahir ) was a messianic leader of the Samaritans . In 529 Julianus led a revolt against the Byzantine Empire ruled by Justinian I , who had passed legislation outlawing the Samaritan religion. Julianus declared himself "King of Israel", taking Jeroboam as his model, and led a Samaritan army to ravage the cities of Scythopolis , Caesarea Maritima , Neapolis , Bethlehem , and Emmaus . According to Christian hagiography, under his leadership churches were burned and priests and Byzantine officials tortured and killed. By 530 he had succeeded in capturing virtually all of Samaria. There may have been an attempt by the Samaritans to coordinate their uprising with a Sassanid Persian invasion that never materialized. Justinian enlisted the help of the Ghassanid philarch Abu Kharab, and by 531 the rebellion had been put down. Julianus himself was killed, and tens (according to some sources, hundreds) of thousands of Samaritans were killed and enslaved. Some were ransomed by Jewish and Samaritan communities throughout the Roman world. Others were sold as far away as Persia, where their descendants would be included in the Persian invasion of the Levant some 85 years later. Julianus' revolt has been compared to that of Simeon bar Kochba in neighboring Judea .

In 529 Julianus led a revolt against the Byzantine Empire ruled by Justinian I , because of legislation outlawing the Samaritan religion according to Procopius , though Cyril of Scythopolis claimed it was because of tension with Christians . Julianus declared himself King of Israel, taking Jeroboam as his model, and led a Samaritan army to ravage the cities of Scythopolis , Caesarea Maritima , Neapolis , Bethlehem , and Emmaus . By 530 he had succeeded in capturing virtually all of Samaria . The revolt was marked by large scale slaughter of Christians and destruction of churches. Justinian enlisted the help of the Ghassanids , and by 531 the rebellion had been put down. Julianus himself was beheaded according to Theophanes the Confessor . Tens of thousands of Samaritans were killed and enslaved and many were sold as slaves throughout the Middle East. Others were sold as far away as Sassanid Persia , where their descendants would be included in the Persian invasion of the Levant some 85 years later. Julianus' revolt has been compared to the Bar Kokhba Revolt 400 years prior.

In 529 Julianus led a revolt against the Byzantine Empire ruled by Justinian I , because of legislation outlawing the Samaritan religion, according to Procopius , though Cyril of Scythopolis claimed it was because of tension with Christians . Julianus declared himself King of Israel, taking Jeroboam as his model, and led a Samaritan army to ravage the cities of Scythopolis , Caesarea Maritima , Neapolis , Bethlehem , and Emmaus . By 530 he had succeeded in capturing virtually all of Samaria . The revolt was marked by large scale slaughter of Christians and destruction of churches. Justinian enlisted the help of the Ghassanids , and by 531 the rebellion had been put down. Julianus himself was beheaded according to Theophanes the Confessor . Tens of thousands of Samaritans were killed and enslaved and many were sold as slaves throughout the Middle East. Others were sold as far away as Sassanid Persia , where their descendants would be included in the Persian invasion of the Levant some eighty-five years later. Julianus' revolt has been compared to the Bar Kokhba Revolt 400 years prior. Both revolts against foreign imperial occupation led by self-proclaimed Messiahs were initially successful, only to be later brutally quashed. However, unlike the Jews, the Samaritan community never recovered from their ethnic cleansing, and has been a minority in Samaria since.

6th-century messianic Samaritan leader See also: Samaritan revolts Julianus ben Sabar (also known as Julian or Julianus ben Sahir and Latinized as Iulianus Sabarides ) was a leader of the Samaritans , seen widely as being the Taheb who led a failed revolt against the Byzantine Empire during the early 6th century. In 529 Julianus led a revolt against the Byzantine Empire ruled by Justinian I , because of legislation outlawing the Samaritan religion, according to Procopius , though Cyril of Scythopolis claimed it was because of tension with Christians . Julianus declared himself King of Israel, taking Jeroboam as his model, and led a Samaritan army to ravage the cities of Scythopolis , Caesarea Maritima , Neapolis , Bethlehem , and Emmaus . By 530 he had succeeded in capturing virtually all of Samaria . The revolt was marked by large scale slaughter of Christians and destruction of churches. Justinian enlisted the help of the Ghassanids , and by 531 the rebellion had been put down. Julianus himself was beheaded according to Theophanes the Confessor . Tens of thousands of Samaritans were killed and enslaved and many were sold as slaves throughout the Middle East. Others were sold as far away as Sassanid Persia , where their descendants would be included in the Persian invasion of the Levant some eighty-five years later. Julianus' revolt has been compared to the Bar Kokhba Revolt 400 years prior. Both revolts against foreign imperial occupation led by a self-proclaimed Messiah/Taheb were initially successful, only to be later brutally quashed. However, unlike the Jews, the Samaritan community never recovered from their ethnic cleansing, and were further reduced to a minority in Samaria after persecutions in the late Middle Ages by the Mamluks .

6th-century messianic Samaritan leader See also: Samaritan revolts Julianus ben Sabar (also known as Julian or Julianus ben Sahir and Latinized as Iulianus Sabari filius ) was a leader of the Samaritans , seen widely as being the Taheb who led a failed revolt against the Byzantine Empire during the early 6th century. In 529 Julianus led a revolt against the Byzantine Empire ruled by Justinian I , because of legislation outlawing the Samaritan religion, according to Procopius , though Cyril of Scythopolis claimed it was because of tension with Christians . Julianus declared himself King of Israel, taking Jeroboam as his model, and led a Samaritan army to ravage the cities of Scythopolis , Caesarea Maritima , Neapolis , Bethlehem , and Emmaus . By 530 he had succeeded in capturing virtually all of Samaria . The revolt was marked by large scale slaughter of Christians and destruction of Christian churches. Justinian enlisted the help of the Ghassanids , and by 531 the rebellion had been put down. Julianus himself was beheaded according to Theophanes the Confessor . Tens of thousands of Samaritans were killed and enslaved and many were sold as slaves throughout the Middle East. Others were sold as far away as the Sasanian Empire , where their descendants would be included in the invasion of the Levant during the Byzantine–Sassanid War of 602–628 some eighty-five years later and shortly before the Muslim conquest of the Levant . Julianus' revolt has been compared to the Bar Kokhba revolt 400 years prior. Both revolts against foreign imperial occupation led by a Messiah/Taheb were initially successful, only to be later brutally suppressed. However, unlike the Jews , the Samaritan community never recovered from their ethnic cleansing, and were further reduced to a minority in Samaria after persecutions in the late Middle Ages by the Mamluk Sultanate under whose rule they became extinct.