Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya

Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah (15 A.H.–80 or 81 A.H.) surnamed "Abu'l-Qasim" was an early Muslim leader. He was the son of Ali ibn Abi Talib , the first Shi'ite Imam and the fourth Sunni Caliph . He was called Ibn al-Hanafiyyah after his mother, Khawlah bint Ja'far; she was known as Hanafiyyah after her tribe Banu Hanifah . After the death of Muhammad , the people of Yamamah were declared apostates by the Muslims for refusing to pay the zakat (religious tax); the men were killed (see Ridda wars ), and the women were taken to Medina as slaves, Khawlah bint Ja'far among them. When her tribesmen found out, they approached Ali ibn Abi Talib and asked him to save her from slavery and to protect her family’s honor and prestige. Consequently, Ali ibn Abi Talib purchased her, set her free, and, after the death of Fatimah , married her.

Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah (15 AH – 81 AH; c. 636 – 700 A.D) surnamed Abu'l-Qasim was an early Muslim leader. He was a son of Ali ibn Abi Talib , the first Shi'ite Imam and the fourth Sunni Caliph .

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib , also known as Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah (15 AH – 81 AH; c. AD 637 – 700) and surnamed Abu'l-Qasim . He was the third son of Ali ibn Abi Talib , the first Imam of Shi'a Muslims and the fourth Caliph of Sunni Muslims.

Alid political and religious leader (c. 637–700) Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥanafiyya ( , 15–81 AH , c. CE 637–700) was a son of Ali ibn Abi Talib , who was the fourth Rashidun caliph ( r. 656–661 ) and the first Shia imam . Ibn al-Hanafiyya was an effective lieutenant for his father Ali during his caliphate. After the assassination of Ali and the deaths of his two sons Hasan and Husayn , many recognized Ibn al-Hanafiyya as the head of the House of Ali . Claiming to represent Ibn al-Hanafiyya, Mukhtar al-Thaqafi rose in Iraq in 686 to avenge Husayn and his relatives, who were massacred in 680 CE by the Umayyad caliph Yazid bin Mu'awiya ( r. 680–683 ). The quiescent Ibn al-Hanafiyya did not actively associate with this rebellion but was still rescued by Mukhtar when he was detained by the rival caliph Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad . Support for Ibn al-Hanafiyya continued even after the defeat and death of Mukhtar in 686–687 in the form of the Kaysanites , a now-extinct Shia sect that traced the imamate to Ibn al-Hanafiyya and his descendants, particularly his son Abu Hashim . After the death of Ibn Hanafiyya in 700–701, some Kaysanites declared that he was the Mahdi , the eschatological Islamic leader who would reappear in the end of time and eradicate injustice and evil. The Kaysanites later provided the organizational structure for the Abbasids to overthrew the Umayyads in 750–751.