Kafir

Kafir ( Arabic : كافر kāfir ; plural كفّار kuffār ) is a term used in a Islamic doctrinal sense, usually translated as "unbeliever" or "disbeliever", or sometimes " infidel ". The term refers to a person who rejects God or who hides, denies, or "covers" the truth. The Quran also uses the word for Muslims; in Sura 2 Verse 256, it asks them to take upon themselves the action of "Kofr" of all unjust idols, persons or powers. In recent times, the Arabic term used as a loanword in English is seen as derogatory, which is why some Muslim scholars discourage its use and suggest the term "non-Muslim" instead. " General Fatwa Session , "... kafir is now a derogatory term..." " (HTML) .

"Kafr" and "Kufr" redirect here. Kafir ( kāfir ; plural كفّار kuffār ; feminine كافرة kāfirah ) is an Arabic term (from the root K-F-R "to cover") used in an Islamic doctrinal sense, usually translated as "unbeliever," "disbeliever," or " infidel ." The term refers to a person who rejects or disbelieves in God and the religious truth revealed through the mission of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad , and thus demonstrates ingratitude towards God; denies, refuses to accept the dominion and authority of God ; or otherwise does not heed the beliefs and prescriptions held by the religion of Islam. Unbelief is called kufr . Kafir is sometimes used interchangeably with mushrik (مشرك, those who commit polytheism), another type of religious wrongdoer mentioned frequently in the Quran and Islamic works. Whether a Jew or a Christian is a kafir is disputed. The practise of declaring another self-professed Muslim a kafir is known as takfir . The New Encyclopedia of Islam (Revised 2001 ed.).

Arabic term for "unbeliever" in Islam For other uses, see Kafir (disambiguation) . Kafir ( kāfir ; plural كَافِرُونَ kāfirūna , كفّار kuffār or كَفَرَة kafarah ; feminine كافرة kāfirah ; feminine plural كافرات kāfirāt or كوافر kawāfir ) is an Arabic term meaning "infidel", "rejector", "denier", "disbeliever", "unbeliever", "nonbeliever". The term refers to a person who rejects or disbelieves in God as per Islam ( Arabic : الله‎ Allāh ) or the tenets of Islam , denying the dominion and authority of God, and is thus often translated as " infidel ". The term is used in different ways in the Quran, with the most fundamental sense being "ingratitude" (toward God). Historically, while Islamic scholars agreed that a polytheist is a kafir , they sometimes disagreed on the propriety of applying the term to Muslims who committed a grave sin and to the People of the Book . The Quran distinguishes between mushrikun and People of the Book, reserving the former term for idol worshipers, although some classical commentators considered Christian doctrine to be a form of shirk . In modern times, kafir is sometimes used as a derogatory term, particularly by members of Islamist movements. Unbelief is called kufr . Kafir is sometimes used interchangeably with mushrik ( مشرك , those who commit polytheism), another type of religious wrongdoer mentioned frequently in the Quran and other Islamic works. The act of declaring another self-professed Muslim a kafir is known as takfir , a practice that has been condemned but also employed in theological and political polemics over the centuries. The person who denies the existence of a creator is called dahriya . Kafir therefore, does not translate to, " atheist ". Religious Minorities in Iran . The Other Press. p. ccxxiv. The New Encyclopedia of Islam (Revised 2001 ed.). Darfur: The Ambiguous Genocide . A medieval critique of Anthropomorphism .

Disbeliever in Islam For other uses, see Kafir (disambiguation) . Kafir ( kāfir ; plural كَافِرُونَ kāfirūna , كفّار kuffār or كَفَرَة kafarah ; feminine كافرة kāfirah ; feminine plural كافرات kāfirāt or كوافر kawāfir ) is an Arabic and Islamic term which, in the Islamic culture , refers to a person who disbelieves in God as per Islam , denies his authority, or rejects the tenets of Islam ; or simply all those who are not Muslims —those who do not believe in the guidance of Islamic prophet Muhammad . Thus the term kāfir is the opposite of the term Muslim . The term is often translated as ' infidel ,' ' pagan ,' 'rejector,' ' denier ,' 'disbeliever,' 'unbeliever,' 'nonbeliever,' and 'non-Muslim.' The term is used in different ways in the Quran , with the most fundamental sense being 'ungrateful' (toward God). Kufr means 'unbelief' or 'non-belief,' 'to be thankless,' 'to be faithless,' or 'ingratitude.' The opposite term of kufr is īmān ('faith'), and the opposite of kāfir is muʾmin ('believer'). A person who denies the existence of a Allah might be called a dahri . Kafir is sometimes used interchangeably with mushrik ( مشرك , those who practice polytheism ), another type of religious wrongdoer mentioned frequently in the Quran and other Islamic works . (Other, sometimes overlapping Quranic terms for wrong-doers are ẓallām ('villain', 'oppressor') and fāsiq ('sinner', 'fornicator').) Historically, while Islamic scholars agreed that a polytheist/ mushrik was a kafir , they sometimes disagreed on the propriety of applying the term to Muslim terrorists who committed a grave sin or to the People of the Book . The Quran distinguishes between mushrikun and People of the Book, reserving the former term for idol-worshippers, although some classical commentators considered the Christian doctrine to be a form of shirk . In modern times, kafir is sometimes applied towards self-professed Muslims, particularly by members of Islamist movements . The act of declaring another self-professed Muslim a kafir is known as takfir , a practice that has been condemned but also employed in theological and political polemics over the centuries. A Dhimmī or Muʿāhid is a historical term for non-Muslims living in an Islamic state with legal protection. Dhimmī were exempt from certain duties assigned specifically to Muslims if they paid the poll tax ( jizya ) but were otherwise equal under the laws of property, contract, and obligation according to some scholars, whereas others state that religious minorities subjected to the status of Dhimmī (such as Hindus , Christians , Jews , Samaritans , Gnostics , Mandeans , and Zoroastrians ) were inferior to the status of Muslims in Islamic states. Jews and Christians were required to pay the jizya and kharaj taxes, while others, depending on the different rulings of the four madhhab , might be required to convert to Islam, pay the jizya , be exiled, or killed under the Islamic death penalty . In 2019, Nahdlatul Ulama , the world's largest independent Islamic organization, issued a proclamation urging Muslims to refrain from using the word kafir to refer to non-Muslims, because the term is both offensive and perceived as "theologically violent". Handbook of Leaving Religion . In McAuliffe, Jane Dammen (ed.). Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān . The New Encyclopedia of Islam (Revised 2001 ed.). Religious Minorities in Iran . Kufr : Unbelief; non-Muslim belief ( Kāfir = a non-Muslim, one who has received no Dispensation or Book; Kuffār plural of Kāfir ). P. ; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. ; Schacht, J. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition . P. ; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. ; Schacht, J. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition . A medieval critique of Anthropomorphism . The Other Press. p. ccxxiv. Darfur: The Ambiguous Genocide . [...] In the modern period, this term has generally has occasionally been resuscitated, but it is generally obsolete.

Term for disbelievers in Islam For the ethnic slur used in South Africa, see Kaffir (racial term) . Kāfir ( Arabic : كَافِر ; plural: كَافِرُون kāfirūn , كُفَّار kuffār , or كَفَرَة kafara ; feminine: كَافِرَة kāfira ; feminine plural: كَافِرَات kāfirāt or كَوَافِر kawāfir ) is an Arabic-language term used by Muslims to refer to a non-Muslim, more specifically referring to someone who disbelieves in the Islamic God , denies his authority, and rejects the message of Islam as the truth. Kafir is often translated as ' infidel ', 'truth denier', 'rejector', 'disbeliever', 'unbeliever', The term is used in different ways in the Quran , with the most fundamental sense being ungrateful towards God. Kufr means 'disbelief', 'unbelief', 'non-belief', 'to be thankless', 'to be faithless', or 'ingratitude'. The opposite term of kufr ('disbelief') is iman ('faith'), and the opposite of kafir ('disbeliever') is mu'min ('believer'). A person who denies the existence of a creator might be called a dahri . One type of kafir is a mushrik (مشرك), another group of religious wrongdoer mentioned frequently in the Quran and other Islamic works . Several concepts of vice are seen to revolve around the concept of kufr in the Quran. Historically, while Islamic scholars agreed that a mushrik was a kafir , they sometimes disagreed on the propriety of applying the term to Muslims who committed a grave sin or the People of the Book . The Quran distinguishes between mushrikūn and People of the Book, reserving the former term for idol worshippers, although some classical commentators considered the Christian doctrine to be a form of shirk . In modern times, kafir is sometimes applied to self-professed Muslims, particularly by members of Islamist movements . The act of declaring another self-professed Muslim a kafir is known as takfir , a practice that has been condemned but also employed in theological and political polemics over the centuries. A dhimmi or mu'ahid is a historical term for non-Muslims living in an Islamic state with legal protection. Dhimmis were exempt from certain duties specifically assigned to Muslims if they paid the jizya poll tax, but otherwise equal under the laws of property, contract, and obligation according to some scholars, whereas others state religious minorities subjected to the status of dhimmis (such as Hindus , Christians , Jews , Samaritans , Gnostics , Mandeans , and Zoroastrians ) were inferior to the status of Muslims in Islamic states. Jews and Christians were required to pay the jizya and kharaj taxes, while others, depending on the different rulings of the schools of Islamic jurisprudence , might be required to convert to Islam, pay the jizya , exiled, or subject to the death penalty . In 2019, Nahdlatul Ulama , the world's largest independent Islamic organization, issued a proclamation urging Muslims to refrain from using the word kafir to refer to non-Muslims because the term is both offensive and perceived as "theologically violent". Handbook of Leaving Religion . In McAuliffe, Jane Dammen (ed.). Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān . The New Encyclopedia of Islam (Revised 2001 ed.). Religious Minorities in Iran . Kufr : Unbelief; non-Muslim belief ( Kāfir = a non-Muslim, one who has received no Dispensation or Book; Kuffār plural of Kāfir ). P. ; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. ; Schacht, J. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition . P. ; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. ; Schacht, J. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition . A medieval critique of Anthropomorphism . The Other Press. p. ccxxiv. Darfur: The Ambiguous Genocide . [...] In the modern period, this term has generally has occasionally been resuscitated, but it is generally obsolete.