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The opening as it read in 2020
Love Jihad or Romeo Jihad is the alleged effort by Muslim men in targeting women belonging to non-Muslim communities for conversion to Islam by feigning love.1The concept rose to national attention in India in 2009 with alleged conversions first in Kerala and subsequently, in Karnataka . In November 2009, DGP Jacob Punnoose stated there was no organisation whose members lured girls in Kerala by feigning love with the intention of converting. He told the Kerala High Court that 3 out of 18 reports he received expressed some doubts about the tendency. However, in absence of solid proof the investigations were still continuing. Sankaran who refused to accept Punnoose's report concluded from a case diary that there were indications of forceful conversions and stated it was clear from police reports there was a "concerted effort" to convert women with "blessings of some outfits". The court while hearing bail plea of two accused in "love jihad" cases stated that there had been 3,000-4,000 such conversions in past four years. The Kerala High Court in December 2009 stayed investigations in the case, granting relief to the two accused though it criticised police investigations. The investigation was closed by Justice M. Sasidharan Nambiar following Punnoose's statements that no conclusive evidence could be found for existence of "love jihad". The Karnataka government stated in 2010 that although many women had converted to Islam, there was no organized attempt to convince them to do so. In 2012, after two years of investigation into the alleged love jihad , Kerala Police declared it as a "campaign with no substance". Subsequently, a case was initiated against the website where fake posters of Muslim organisations offering money to Muslim youths for luring and trapping women were found. Uttar Pradesh Police in September 2014 found no evidence of attempted or forced conversion in five of six reported cases of love jihad reported to them in past three months. Police said sporadic cases of trickery by unscrupulous men are not evidence of a broader conspiracy. In 2017, after the Kerala High Court ruled that a marriage of a Hindu woman to a Muslim man was invalid on the basis of love jihad , and an appeal was filed in the Supreme Court of India by the Muslim husband where court, based on the "unbiased and independent" evidence requested by the court from NIA , instructed NIA to investigate all similar cases for establishing the pattern of love jihad. It allowed NIA to explore all similar suspicious incidences to find whether banned organisations, such as SIMI , are preying on vulnerable Hindu women to recruit them as terrorists. NIA had earlier submitted before the court that the case was not an "isolated" incident and it had detected a pattern emerging in the state, stating that another case involved the same people who acted as instigators. The concept first rose to national attention in India in 2009, with claims of widespread conversions in Kerala and Karnataka , but claims have subsequently spread throughout India and beyond, into Pakistan and the United Kingdom . With waves of publicity in 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2014, the allegations of Love Jihad in India have raised concerns in various Hindu , Sikh and Christian organizations, while Muslim organisations have denied the allegations. The concept has remained a source of political contention and social concern for many, although as of 2014 the idea of an organized Love Jihad was still widely regarded as a conspiracy theory by the Indian mainstream, according to Reuters . In August 2017, the National Investigation Agency (NIA) stated that it had found a common mentor in some love jihad cases in August 2017. According to a later article in The Economist , "Repeated police investigations have failed to find evidence of any organised plan of conversion. Reporters have repeatedly exposed claims of "love jihad" as at best fevered fantasies and at worst, deliberate election-time inventions." According to the same report, the common theme regarding many claims of "love jihad" have been the frenzy objection to an interfaith marriage while "Indian law erects no barriers to marriages between faiths, or against conversion by willing and informed consent. Yet the idea still sticks, even when the supposed “victims” dismiss it as nonsense." Ananthakrishnan G (13 October 2009). "NIA probe on 'love jihad' may cover all suspicious cases." , Economic Times , 16 August 2017. "Supreme Court hears its 1st 'love jihad' case, demands proof from NIA" , The Times of India , 5 August 2017.2
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 964996344.
The opening as it stood in 2010
Love Jihad ( ), also called Romeo Jihad , is an alleged activity under which young Muslim boys in Kerala and coastal Karnataka reportedly targeted college girls belonging to non-Muslim communities for conversion to Islam by feigning love. The allegations have raised concerns in various Hindu and Christian organizations, while Muslim organisations in Kerala have denied that they are true. Officials have taken concerns seriously and investigations were launched in Kerala and Karnataka, but to date no organised activity of the sort has been confirmed in those investigations. 'Love Jihad' racket: VHP, Christian groups find common cause 'Love Jihad' a misinformation campaign: Kerala Muslim outfits
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 370265288.
The opening as it stood in 2015 2 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Love Jihad , also called Romeo Jihad , is an alleged activity under which young Muslim boys and men reportedly target young girls belonging to non-Muslim communities for conversion to Islam by feigning love.Arising in a background of national religious tension, including strong cultural prohibitions against interfaith marriage , the alleged activity is based on the power of emotional appeal in religious conversion.The controversial issue has garnered international attention.The concept first rose to national attention in India in 2009, with claims of widespread conversions in Kerala and Mangalore , but claims have subsequently spread throughout the nation and beyond, into Pakistan and the United Kingdom.With waves of publicity in 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2014, the allegations of Love Jihad in India have raised concerns in various Hindu, Sikh and Christian organizations, while Muslim organisations have denied the allegations.The concept has remained a source of political contention and social concern for many, although as of 2014 the idea of an organized Love Jihad was still widely regarded as a conspiracy theory by the Indian mainstream, according to Reuters .Official investigations launched in 2009, 2010, 2012 and 2014 have found no evidence of the activity.As of 2014, individual reports continue to spread.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 663681134.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023 27 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Islamophobic conspiracy theory Not to be confused with Sexual jihad or A Jihad for Love . sidebar Love jihad (or Romeo jihad ) is an Islamophobic conspiracy theory promoted by right-wing Hindutva activists.The conspiracy theory purports that Muslim men target Hindu women for conversion to Islam by means such as seduction, feigning love, deception, kidnapping, and marriage, as part of a broader demographic "war" by Muslims against India, and an organised international conspiracy, for domination through demographic growth and replacement.The conspiracy theory relies on disinformation to conduct its hate campaign, and is noted for its similarities to other historic hate campaigns as well as contemporary white nationalist conspiracy theories and Euro-American Islamophobia.It features Orientalist portrayals of Muslims as barbaric and hypersexual , and carries the paternalistic and patriarchal notions that Hindu women are passive and victimized, while "any possibility of women exercising their legitimate right to love and their right to choice is ignored".It has consequently been the cause of vigilante assaults, murders and other violent incidents, including the 2013 Muzaffarnagar riots .Created in 2009 as part of a campaign to foster fear and paranoia, the conspiracy theory was disseminated by Hindutva publications, such as the Sanatan Prabhat and the Hindu Janajagruti Samiti website, calling Hindus to protect their women from Muslim men who were simultaneously depicted to be attractive seducers and lecherous rapists.Organisations including the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and the Vishva Hindu Parishad have since been credited for its proliferation in India and abroad, respectively.The conspiracy theory was noted to have become a significant belief in the state of Uttar Pradesh by 2014 and contributed to the success of the Bharatiya Janata Party campaign in the state.The concept was institutionalised in India after the election of the Bharatiya Janata Party led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi .Right-wing pro-government television media, such as Times Now and Republic TV , and social media disinformation campaigns are generally held responsible for the growth of its popularity.Legislation against the purported conspiracy has been initiated in a number of states ruled by the party and implemented in the state of Uttar Pradesh by the Yogi Adityanath government, where it has been used as a means of state repression on Muslims and crackdown on interfaith marriages .In Myanmar , the conspiracy theory has been adopted by the 969 Movement as an allegation of Islamisation of Buddhist women and used by the Tatmadaw as justification for military operations against Rohingya civilians .It has extended among the non-Muslim Indian diaspora and led to formation of alliances between Hindutva groups and Western far-right organisations such as the English Defence League .It has also been adopted in part by the clergy of the Catholic Church in Kerala to dissuade interfaith marriage among Christians.Journal of Religion & Film . 22 (3).Economic and Political Weekly . 44 (51): 13– 15."Hindu Nationalism, News Channels, and "Post-Truth" Twitter: A Case Study of "Love Jihad" " .In Boler, Megan; Davis, Elizabeth (eds.).Religious Freedom and Mass Conversion in India .The masterplot of love jihad is not just literary imaginings but also a potent brew of Islamophobia and patriarchy that harms Muslims and women.Akin to some of the post-9/11 rhetoric in the United States, contemporary Hindu nationalists propagate "a mythical history of medieval Muslim tyranny and present-day existential threat, demanding mobilization and revenge." Sharma, Ajita (1 April 2020).The fake claim by the Hindu right-wing that love jihad forces Hindu women to love and marry a Muslim man and convert to Islam is perpetuating an already existing anti-Muslim narrative in the country.The love jihad phenomenon has thus become a tool of hate and anger towards Muslims.Afrazul's killing by Raigher is an extreme demonstration of this form of hate and anger towards Muslims.Heterosexual couples who defy caste and religious structures often face violence, some of which results in death through honor killings and lynching targeting specifically Muslim and Dalit men.Needless to say, these claims are unfounded and Islamophobic imaginations of the Hindu Right.Handbook of Conspiracy Theory and Contemporary Religion ."Love jihad in India's moral imaginaries: religion, kinship, and citizenship in late liberalism".Muslims form about 15% of India's population and have suffered severe marginalization in education and employment, since the partition of Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan in 1947 (Alam, 2010).They have since faced recurrent riots (Varshney, 2003).Other hostilities include false accusations of love jihad (a conspiracy theory claiming Muslim men feign love with non-Muslim women to convert them to Islam) and attempts to convert Muslims to Hinduism by Hindu fundamentalist organizations (Gupta, 2009).In Zimdars, Melissa; McLeod, Kembrew (eds.).Hindu Nationalism in India and the Politics of Fear ." "Millennial India": Global Digital Politics in Context" .Vigilante action is targeted against what right-wing attackers describe as "love jihad," finding cause in the conspiracy theory of conniving Muslim men seducing gullible Hindu women into marriage and submission."Love jihad" is a violent expression of the broader politics of regulating female sexuality—a core element of online Hindu nationalism manifest variously as shaming and abuse (Udupa 2017).A Muslim migrant worker was bludgeoned to death and his dead body set on fire, with all this being recorded on video, while his attacker blamed him for "love jihad" — a phrase used by the extremist members of Hindu right-wing organizations to refer to a conspiracy theory that Muslims are forcibly or fraudulently converting Hindu women on the pretext of marriage."Indian Matchmaking: a show about arranged marriages can't ignore the political reality in India" .One popular conspiracy theory shared by the Hindu right is "Love Jihad".This is the idea that Muslim men target women belonging to non-Muslim communities to convert them to Islam by feigning love.It is an invention to incite suspicion and hatred against Muslims in India.They see themselves as warriors against what they call "Love Jihad," a conspiracy theory floated by Hindutva groups like the Hindu Janjagruti Samiti which claims that Muslim men lure Hindu women into marriage with the aim of increasing their own population.Javnost – the Public . 25 (4).Economic and Political Weekly . 49 (42): 12– 15.Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society . 44 (3).The International Spectator . 50 (2)."Love-Jihad (Muslim Sexual Seduction) and ched-chad (sexual harassment): Hindu nationalist discourses and the Ideal/deviant urban citizen in India".Hindu Nationalism in India and the Politics of Fear .The Politics of Religion, Nationalism, and Identity in Asia .Religious Freedom and Mass Conversion in India .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1176843959.
The opening as it stood in 2025
Islamophobic conspiracy theory Not to be confused with Sexual jihad or A Jihad for Love . sidebar Love jihad (or Romeo jihad ) is an Islamophobic conspiracy theory promoted by right-wing Hindutva activists. The conspiracy theory purports that Muslim men target Hindu women for conversion to Islam by means such as seduction, feigning love, deception, kidnapping , and marriage, as part of a broader demographic "war" by Muslims against India, and an organised international conspiracy, for domination through demographic growth and replacement. The conspiracy theory relies on disinformation to conduct its hate campaign, and is noted for its similarities to other historic hate campaigns as well as contemporary white nationalist conspiracy theories and Euro-American Islamophobia. It features Orientalist portrayals of Muslims as barbaric and hypersexual , and carries the paternalistic and patriarchal notions that Hindu women are passive and victimized, while "any possibility of women exercising their legitimate right to love and their right to choice is ignored". It has consequently been the cause of vigilante assaults, murders and other violent incidents, including the 2013 Muzaffarnagar riots . Created in 2009 as part of a campaign to foster fear and paranoia, the conspiracy theory was disseminated by Hindutva publications, such as the Sanatan Prabhat and the Hindu Janajagruti Samiti website, calling Hindus to protect their women from Muslim men who were simultaneously depicted to be attractive seducers and lecherous rapists. Organisations including the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP) have since been credited for its proliferation in India and abroad, respectively. The conspiracy theory was noted to have become a significant belief in the state of Uttar Pradesh by 2014 and contributed to the success of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) campaign in the state. The concept was institutionalised in India after the election of the Bharatiya Janata Party led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi . Right-wing pro-government television media, such as Times Now and Republic TV , and social media disinformation campaigns are generally held responsible for the growth of its popularity. Legislation against the purported conspiracy has been initiated in a number of states ruled by the party and implemented in the state of Uttar Pradesh by the Yogi Adityanath government, where it has been used as a means of state repression on Muslims and crackdown on interfaith marriages . In Myanmar , the conspiracy theory has been adopted by the 969 Movement as an allegation of Islamisation of Buddhist women and used by the Tatmadaw as justification for military operations against Rohingya civilians . It has extended among the non-Muslim Indian diaspora and led to formation of alliances between Hindutva groups and Western far-right organisations such as the English Defence League . It has also been adopted in part by the clergy of the Catholic Church in Kerala to dissuade interfaith marriage among Christians. Journal of Religion & Film . 22 (3). Economic and Political Weekly . 44 (51): 13– 15. "Hindu Nationalism, News Channels, and "Post-Truth" Twitter: A Case Study of "Love Jihad" " . In Boler, Megan; Davis, Elizabeth (eds.). Religious Freedom and Mass Conversion in India . The masterplot of love jihad is not just literary imaginings but also a potent brew of Islamophobia and patriarchy that harms Muslims and women. Akin to some of the post-9/11 rhetoric in the United States, contemporary Hindu nationalists propagate "a mythical history of medieval Muslim tyranny and present-day existential threat, demanding mobilization and revenge." Sharma, Ajita (1 April 2020). The fake claim by the Hindu right-wing that love jihad forces Hindu women to love and marry a Muslim man and convert to Islam is perpetuating an already existing anti-Muslim narrative in the country. The love jihad phenomenon has thus become a tool of hate and anger towards Muslims. Afrazul's killing by Raigher is an extreme demonstration of this form of hate and anger towards Muslims. Heterosexual couples who defy caste and religious structures often face violence, some of which results in death through honor killings and lynching targeting specifically Muslim and Dalit men. Needless to say, these claims are unfounded and Islamophobic imaginations of the Hindu Right. Handbook of Conspiracy Theory and Contemporary Religion . "Love jihad in India's moral imaginaries: religion, kinship, and citizenship in late liberalism". Muslims form about 15% of India's population and have suffered severe marginalization in education and employment, since the partition of Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan in 1947 (Alam, 2010). They have since faced recurrent riots (Varshney, 2003). Other hostilities include false accusations of love jihad (a conspiracy theory claiming Muslim men feign love with non-Muslim women to convert them to Islam) and attempts to convert Muslims to Hinduism by Hindu fundamentalist organizations (Gupta, 2009). In Zimdars, Melissa; McLeod, Kembrew (eds.). Hindu Nationalism in India and the Politics of Fear . " "Millennial India": Global Digital Politics in Context" . Vigilante action is targeted against what right-wing attackers describe as "love jihad," finding cause in the conspiracy theory of conniving Muslim men seducing gullible Hindu women into marriage and submission. "Love jihad" is a violent expression of the broader politics of regulating female sexuality—a core element of online Hindu nationalism manifest variously as shaming and abuse (Udupa 2017). A Muslim migrant worker was bludgeoned to death and his dead body set on fire, with all this being recorded on video, while his attacker blamed him for "love jihad" — a phrase used by the extremist members of Hindu right-wing organizations to refer to a conspiracy theory that Muslims are forcibly or fraudulently converting Hindu women on the pretext of marriage. "Indian Matchmaking: a show about arranged marriages can't ignore the political reality in India" . One popular conspiracy theory shared by the Hindu right is "Love Jihad". This is the idea that Muslim men target women belonging to non-Muslim communities to convert them to Islam by feigning love. It is an invention to incite suspicion and hatred against Muslims in India. They see themselves as warriors against what they call "Love Jihad," a conspiracy theory floated by Hindutva groups like the Hindu Janjagruti Samiti which claims that Muslim men lure Hindu women into marriage with the aim of increasing their own population. Javnost – the Public . 25 (4). Economic and Political Weekly . 49 (42): 12– 15. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society . 44 (3). The International Spectator . 50 (2). "Love-Jihad (Muslim Sexual Seduction) and ched-chad (sexual harassment): Hindu nationalist discourses and the Ideal/deviant urban citizen in India". Hindu Nationalism in India and the Politics of Fear . The Politics of Religion, Nationalism, and Identity in Asia . Religious Freedom and Mass Conversion in India . "Young Christians being targeted through 'love and narcotics jihad': Catholic Bishop in Kerala" .
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Today
“terror” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak. Today the opening has none; the body has 9. Read the current article and compare.
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What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined between 2010 and 2020.
Then
alleged activity under which young muslim boys in kerala and coastal karnataka reportedly targeted college girl
Now
alleged effort by muslim men in targeting women belonging to non-muslim communities for conversion to islam by
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.
