Maghrebi Jews

Ethnic group Maghrebim ( or ) are Jews who traditionally lived in the Arab-Berber Maghreb region of North Africa ( al-Maghrib , Arabic for "the west"), established Jewish communities long before the arrival of Jews expelled from Spain (see Alhambra decree ), mainly in the Sherifian kingdom of Morocco . The term Maghrebim is formed analogously to Ashkenazim and Sephardim . The Sephardi population in Maghreb was urbanised and wealthier, so most Maghrebim chose to assimilate into the Sephardic Jewish community. Today most of Moroccan Jews consider themselves to be Sephardi. "Cave-dwelling Jews" of southern Tripolitania , whose fate is uncertain after 1960, were probably an early and isolated offshoot of Maghrebim. The relationship with the Sunni Muslim majority has suffered in recent years as Arab hostilities engendered by the Arab-Israeli conflict have worsened relations between Arabs and Jews throughout the Arab and Muslim world .

( Learn how and when to remove this message ) Ethnic group The present-day Arab Maghreb Union countries Maghrebi Jews (in Hebrew Maghrebim or ) are Jews , who traditionally lived in the Maghreb region of North Africa ( al-Maghrib , Arabic for "the west") during the Middle Ages . Established Jewish communities existed in North Africa long before the arrival of Sephardic Jews expelled from Spain . The oldest Jewish communities were present during Roman times , and possibly as early as within Punic colonies of the Ancient Carthage period. Maghrebi Jews largely mixed with the newly arrived Sephardic Jews from 13th century until 16th century , eventually being overwhelmed by Sephardics and embracing a Sephardic Jewish identity in most cases. The mixed Maghrebi-Sephardic Jewish communities collapsed in the mid-20th century as part of the Jewish exodus from Arab countries , moving mostly to Israel and France and merging into the Israeli Jewish and French Jewish communities. Today, descendants of Maghrebi-Sephardic Jews in Israel have largely embraced the renovated Israeli Jewish identity and in many cases intermix with Ashkenazi and Mizrahi Jewish communities there. Some of Maghrebi Jews (literally Western Jews) also consider themselves as part of Mizrahi Jewish community (literally Eastern , or Babylonian Jews ), even though there is no direct link between the two communities. They have similar histories of Arabic-speaking background and a parallel exodus from Arab and Muslim countries: the Mizrahim left nations of the Middle East , and the Maghrebim left nations of North Africa in the mid-20th century.

ethnic group The present-day Arab Maghreb Union countries. Due to proximity, the term Maghrebi Jews (Moroccan Jews, Algerian Jews, Tunisian Jews, and Libyan Jews) often refers to Egyptian Jews as well. Maghrebi Jews ( Maghrebim or ) or North African Jews ( Yehudei Tzfon Africa ) are Jews who had traditionally lived in the Maghreb region of North Africa ( al-Maghrib , Arabic for "the west") under Arab rule during the Middle Ages . Established Jewish communities had existed in North Africa long before the arrival of Sephardi Jews , expelled from Portugal and Spain . Due to proximity, the term 'Maghrebi Jews' (Moroccan Jews, Algerian Jews, Tunisian Jews, and Libyan Jews) often refers to Egyptian Jews as well. These Jews, those from North Africa, constitute the second largest Jewish diaspora group. Primary, secondary, and tertiary Jewish centers in the Maghreb The Jews lived in multiple communities in North Africa for over 2,000 years, with the oldest Jewish communities were present during Roman times and possibly as early as within Punic colonies of the Ancient Carthage period. Maghrebi Jews largely mixed with the newly arrived Sephardic Jews, beginning from the 13th century until the 16th century, eventually being overwhelmed by Sephardim and embracing the Sephardic Jewish identity in most cases. The mixed Maghrebi-Sephardic Jewish communities collapsed in the mid-20th century as part of the Jewish exodus from Arab countries , moving mostly to Israel , France , Canada and Venezuela. Today, descendants of Maghrebi-Sephardic Jews in Israel have largely embraced the renovated Israeli Jewish identity and in many cases intermix with Ashkenazi and Mizrahi Jewish communities there. Some of the Maghrebi-Sephardic Jews (literally Western Jews) also consider themselves as part of Mizrahi Jewish community (literally Eastern , or Babylonian Jews ), even though there is no direct link between the two communities. They have similar histories of Arabic-speaking background and a parallel exodus from Arab and Muslim countries: the Mizrahim left nations of the Middle East , and the Maghrebi-Sephardics left nations of North Africa in the mid-20th century. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 109 (34): 13865– 13870.

Ethnic group See Mashriqi Jews for more information about Jews in the rest of North Africa and Western Asia . The present-day Arab Maghreb Union countries. Due to proximity, the terms Maghrebi Jews ( Moroccan Jews , Algerian Jews , Tunisian Jews , and Libyan Jews ) are frequently used in reference to Egyptian Jews as well. Maghrebi Jews ( מַגּרֶבִּים ‎ or מַאגרֶבִּים ‎, Maghrebim ) or North African Jews ( יהודי צפון אפריקה ‎ Yehudei Tzfon Africa ) are ethnic Jews who had traditionally lived in the Maghreb region of North Africa ( al-Maghrib , Arabic for "the west") under Arab rule during the Middle Ages . Established Jewish communities had existed in North Africa long before the arrival of Sephardi Jews , expelled from Portugal and Spain. Due to proximity, the term 'Maghrebi Jews' ( Moroccan Jews , Algerian Jews , Tunisian Jews , and Libyan Jews ) sometimes refers to Egyptian Jews as well, even though there are important cultural differences between the history of Egyptian and Maghrebi Jews. These Jews originating from North Africa constitute the second largest Jewish diaspora group. Primary, secondary, and tertiary Jewish centers in the Maghreb Maghrebi Jews lived in multiple communities in North Africa for over 2,000 years, with the oldest Jewish communities present during Roman times and possibly as early as within Punic colonies of the Ancient Carthage period. Maghrebi Jews largely mixed with the newly arrived Sephardic Jews, beginning from the 13th century until the 16th century, eventually being overwhelmed by Sephardim and embracing the Sephardic Jewish identity in most cases. The mixed Maghrebi-Sephardic Jewish communities collapsed in the mid-20th century as part of the Jewish exodus from Arab countries , moving mostly to Israel, France, Canada and Venezuela. Today, descendants of Maghrebi-Sephardic Jews in Israel have largely embraced the renovated Israeli Jewish identity and in many cases intermix with Ashkenazi and Mizrahi Jewish communities there. Most of the Maghrebi-Sephardic Jews ( Western Jews) also consider themselves as part of Mizrahi Jewish community ( Eastern , or Babylonian Jews ), even though there is no direct link between the two communities. They have similar histories of Arabic-speaking background and a parallel exodus from Arab and Muslim countries: the Mizrahim left nations of the Middle East, and the Maghrebi-Sephardics left nations of North Africa in the mid-20th century. Among Arab countries, the largest Jewish community now exists in Morocco with about 2,000 Jews and in Tunisia with about 1,000. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 109 (34): 13865– 13870. The Rebirth of the Middle East .

Jewish diaspora of Northwest Africa See Mizrahi Jews for more information about the Eastern Jews. Interior of the El Ghriba synagogue , Djerba island, Tunisia Primary, secondary, and tertiary Jewish centers in the Maghreb Maghrebi Jews ( מַגּרֶבִּים ‎ or מַאגרֶבִּים ‎, Maghrebim ), are a Jewish diaspora group with a long history in the Maghreb region of North Africa, which includes present-day Morocco , Algeria , Tunisia , and Libya . These communities were established long before the Arab conquest , and continued to develop under Muslim rule during the Middle Ages. Maghrebi Jews represent the second-largest Jewish diaspora group, with their descendants forming a major part of the global Jewish population. Maghrebi Jews lived in multiple communities in North Africa for over 2,000 years, with the oldest Jewish communities present during Roman times and possibly as early as within Punic colonies of the Ancient Carthage period. Under early Muslim rule, Jews flourished in major urban centers across the region. However, they also faced periods of persecution, notably under the Almohads . Before and after the expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492, many Sephardic Jews fleeing persecution settled in North Africa. Over time, Maghrebi Jews largely mixed with the newly arrived Sephardic Jews, and in most cases, they adopted the Sephardic Jewish identity . The mixed Maghrebi-Sephardic Jewish communities collapsed in the mid-20th century as part of the Jewish exodus from Arab countries , moving mostly to Israel, France, Canada and Venezuela. Today, descendants of Maghrebi-Sephardic Jews in Israel have largely embraced the modern Israeli Jewish identity and in many cases intermix with Ashkenazi and Mizrahi Jewish communities there. Most of the Maghrebi-Sephardic Jews ( Western Jews) also consider themselves as part of Mizrahi Jewish community ( Eastern , or Babylonian Jews ), even though there is no direct link between the two communities. They have similar histories of Arabic-speaking background and a parallel exodus and expulsion from Arab and Muslim countries: the Mizrahim left nations of the Middle East, and the Maghrebi-Sephardics left nations of North Africa in the mid-20th century. Among Arab countries, the largest Jewish community now exists in Morocco with about 2,000 Jews and in Tunisia about 1,000. The term Maghrebi Jews often refers to communities such as Moroccan Jews , Algerian Jews , Tunisian Jews , and Libyan Jews . The term Musta'arabi was also used by medieval Jewish authors to refer to Jews who had traditionally lived in the Maghreb. Due to proximity, the term 'Maghrebi Jews' sometimes refers to Egyptian Jews as well, though there are important cultural differences between the history of Egyptian and Maghrebi Jews. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 109 (34): 13865– 13870. After expulsion: 1492 and the making of Sephardic Jewry . The Rebirth of the Middle East .