Wikipedia's first sentence called it “senior associate”. Today it says “american - israeli academic with a focus on the middle east at tel aviv university and the washington institute”.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-03.
We saved snapshots of this article over twenty years; you are reading the 2005 one. Red dashes: removed from Wikipedia since.Pale dots: rewritten; the numbered note shows what it says now.Red text: written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot.1 tap a number or a side note to jump between them
The opening as it read in 2005
Martin Kramer (born ) is a senior associate (and past director) of the Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies at Tel Aviv University .1He is also the Wexler-Fromer Fellow at The Washington Institute for Near East Policy .2Kramer is an authority on contemporary Islam and Arab politics. Kramer earned his undergraduate and doctoral degrees in Near Eastern Studies from Princeton University , and another graduate degree from Columbia University . He has been a visiting professor at Brandeis University , the University of Chicago , Cornell University , and Georgetown University . On two occasions, Dr. Kramer has been a fellow of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington .3
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 16990691.
The opening as it stood in 2010 6 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
September 9, 1954, Washington, D.C. ) is an American scholar of the Middle East at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy , the Shalem Center , and Harvard University 's National Security Studies Program.His focus is on Islam and Arab politics.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 363331769.
The opening as it stood in 2015 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Martin Seth Kramer (born September 9, 1954, Washington, D.C. ) is an American - Israeli scholar of the Middle East at Shalem College in Jerusalem. His focus is on Islam and Arab politics.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 661813755.
The opening as it stood in 2020 2 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
His focus is on the history and politics of the Middle East , contemporary Islam , and modern Israel .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 964897987.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023
American-Israeli scholar Not to be confused with Martin Krämer .Kramer in 2019 Martin Seth Kramer ( Hebrew : מרטין קרמר; born September 9, 1954, Washington, D.C. ) is an American - Israeli scholar of the Middle East at Tel Aviv University and the Washington Institute for Near East Policy . His focus is on the history and politics of the Middle East , contemporary Islam , and modern Israel .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1173565754.
The opening as it stood in 2025
American-Israeli scholar Not to be confused with Martin Krämer . Kramer in 2019 Martin Seth Kramer ( Hebrew : מרטין קרמר ; born September 9, 1954, Washington, D.C. ) is an American - Israeli academic with a focus on the Middle East at Tel Aviv University and the Washington Institute for Near East Policy . His focus is on the history and politics of the Middle East , contemporary Islam , and modern Israel . Kramer has written for the group Middle East Forum, and has argued that Islam and fundamentalism are innately linked.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1289984838. This is our newest snapshot; the live article may have moved again since.
Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “senior associate”. Today it says “american - israeli academic with a focus on the middle east at tel aviv university and the washington institute”. Read the current article and compare.
2005
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2005, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
senior associate
Now
american - israeli academic with a focus on the middle east at tel aviv university and the washington institute
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.
