Muhammad Iqbal

Allama Dr Sir Muhammad Iqbal Allama Dr Sir Muhammad Iqbal ( November 9 , 1877 – April 21 , 1938 ) was an important Indian Muslim poet from the colonial era , a philosopher and thinker of Kashmiri origin. A major Urdu and Persian writer, he is in the unusual position of having penned one of India's major national songs ( Saare Jahan Se Achcha ) while at the same time being credited as a major force behind the creation of Pakistan . He is posthumously revered in Pakistan as Muffakir-e-Pakistan (The Thinker of Pakistan) or Shair-i-Mashriq (The Poet of the East). Along with Muhammad Ali Jinnah he is considered one of the preeminent founding fathers of Pakistan , arguably having convinced Jinnah to return from England and lead the movement demanding a separate homeland for South Asia's Muslims when Britain granted independence to the region. (Jinnah had practically gone into self-exile after having given up on trying to get the national secular and Muslim leaderships to work together.)

Sir Muhammad Iqbal ( Punjabi , ; November 9, 1877, Sialkot – April 21, 1938, Lahore ) was a Persian - and Urdu -language poet , philosopher and politician . He is commonly referred to as Allama Iqbal ( , Allama meaning "Scholar"). After studying in Cambridge , Munich and Heidelberg , Iqbal established a law practice, but concentrated primarily on writing scholarly works on politics, economics, ishi history, philosophy and religion. He is best known for his poetic works, including Asrar-e-Khudi —for which he was knighted — Rumuz-e-Bekhudi , and the Bang-e-Dara , with its enduring patriotic song Tarana-e-Hind . In India, he is widely regarded for the patriotic song, Saare Jahan Se Achcha . In Afghanistan and Iran , where he is known as Eghbāl-e-Lāhoorī ( Iqbal of Lahore ), he is highly regarded for his Persian works. Iqbal was a strong proponent of the political and spiritual revival of Islamic civilisation across the world, but specifically in South Asia; a series of famous lectures he delivered to this effect were published as The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam . One of the most prominent leaders of the All India Muslim League , Iqbal encouraged the creation of a "state in northwestern India for Muslims" in his 1930 presidential address. Iqbal encouraged and worked closely with Muhammad Ali Jinnah , and he is known as Muffakir-e-Pakistan ("The Thinker of Pakistan"), Shair-e-Mashriq ("The Poet of the East"), and Hakeem-ul-Ummat ("The Sage of Ummah "). He is officially recognized as the national poet of Pakistan. The anniversary of his birth ( - Yōm-e Welādat-e Muḥammad Iqbāl ) is on November 9, and is a national holiday in Pakistan. Yearbook of the Goethe Society of India .

Sir Muhammad Iqbal ( ) (9 November 1877 – 21 April 1938), widely known as Allama Iqbal ( علامہ اقبال ), was an academic , poet , barrister , philosopher , and politician in British India who is widely regarded as having inspired the Pakistan Movement . He is considered one of the most important figures in Urdu literature , with literary work in both the Urdu and Persian languages. Iqbal is admired as a prominent poet by Pakistani , Indian , Bangladeshi , Sri Lankan and other international scholars of literature. Though Iqbal is best known as an eminent poet, he is also a highly acclaimed "Muslim philosophical thinker of modern times". His first poetry book, Asrar-e-Khudi , appeared in the Persian language in 1915, and other books of poetry include Rumuz-i-Bekhudi , Payam-i-Mashriq and Zabur-i-Ajam . Amongst these his best known Urdu works are Bang-i-Dara , Bal-i-Jibril , Zarb-i Kalim and a part of Armughan-e-Hijaz . Along with his Urdu and Persian poetry, his various Urdu and English lectures and letters have been very influential in cultural, social, religious and political disputes over the years. In 1922, he was knighted by King George V , giving him the title " Sir ". While studying law and philosophy in England , Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All-India Muslim League . Later, in one of his most famous speeches, Iqbal pushed for the creation of a Muslim state in Northwest India. This took place in his presidential speech in the League's December 1930 session. In much of Indian subcontinent and Urdu speaking world, Iqbal is regarded as the Shair-e-Mashriq ( شاعر مشرق , "Poet of the East"). He is also called Mufakkir-e-Pakistan ( مفکر پاکستان , "The Thinker of Pakistan") and Hakeem-ul-Ummat ( حکیم الامت , "The Sage of the Ummah "). The Pakistan government officially named him a " national poet ". His birthday Yōm-e Welādat-e Muḥammad Iqbāl ( یوم ولادت محمد اقبال ) or ( Iqbal Day ) is a public holiday in Pakistan . In India he is also remembered as the author of the popular song Saare Jahaan Se Achcha . Yearbook of the Goethe Society of India . Gabriel's wing: a study into the religious ideas of Sir Muhammad Iqbal . Encyclopaedic dictionary Of Urdu literature (2 Vols.

South Asian poet, philosopher and politician (1877–1938) For other people named Muhammad Iqbal, see Muhammad Iqbal (disambiguation) . Sir Muhammad Iqbal ( ; 9 November 1877 – 21 April 1938), was a South Asian Muslim writer, philosopher, and politician, whose poetry in the Urdu language is considered among the greatest of the twentieth century, and whose vision of a cultural and political ideal for the Muslims of British-ruled India was to animate the impulse for Pakistan. He is commonly referred to by the honorific Allama (from ). Born and raised in Sialkot , Punjab in an ethnic Kashmiri Muslim family, Iqbal completed his B.A. and M.A. at the Government College Lahore . He taught Arabic at the Oriental College , Lahore from 1899 until 1903. During this time, he wrote prolifically. Among the Urdu poems from this time that remain popular are Parinde ki faryad (A bird's prayer), an early meditation on animal rights, and Tarana-e-Hindi (The Song of India) a patriotic poem—both poems composed for children. In 1905, he left for further studies in Europe, first to England, where he completed a second B.A. at Trinity College, Cambridge and was subsequently called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn , and then to Germany, where he received a Ph.D. in philosophy at the University of Munich . After returning to Lahore in 1908, he established a law practice but concentrated on writing scholarly works on politics, economics, history, philosophy, and religion. He is best known for his poetic works, including Asrar-e-Khudi – after whose publication he was awarded a knighthood , Rumuz-e-Bekhudi , and the Bang-e-Dara . In Iran , where he is known as Iqbāl-e Lāhorī ( Iqbal of Lahore ), he is highly regarded for his Persian works. Iqbal was a strong proponent of the political and spiritual revival of Islamic civilisation across the world, but in particular in South Asia; a series of lectures he delivered to this effect were published as The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam . Iqbal was elected to the Punjab Legislative Council in 1927 and held a number of positions in the All India Muslim League . In his 1930 presidential address at the League's annual meeting in Allahabad , he formulated a political framework for Muslims in British-ruled India. Iqbal died in 1938. After the creation of Pakistan in 1947, he was named the national poet there. He is also known as the "Hakeem-ul-Ummat" ("The Sage of the Ummah ") and the "Mufakkir-e-Pakistan" ("The Thinker of Pakistan"). The anniversary of his birth ( Yom-e Welādat-e Muḥammad Iqbāl ), 9 November, used to be a public holiday in Pakistan until 2018. Oxford University Press and Iqbal Academy Pakistan. pp. xi– xiii. Oxford University Press and Iqbal Academy Pakistan. pp. xi– xiii. Quote: "In Urdu, Iqbal is allowed to have been far the greatest poet of this century, and by most critics to be the only equal of Ghalib (1797–1869). ... the Urdu poems, addressed to a real and familiar audience close at hand, have the merit of being direct, spontaneous utterances on tangible subjects. Through this, Iqbal achieved the status of the greatest Urdu poet in the twentieth century. In the poetry of Iqbal, which he wrote in Persian, to speak to a wider Muslim audience, as well as Urdu, a memory of the past achievements of Islam is combined with a plea for reform. He is considered the greatest Urdu poet of the twentieth century. It was here that he delivered his famous address in which he outlined his vision of a cultural and political framework that would ensure the fullest development of the Muslims of India. Next to the Quran, there is no single influence upon the consciousness of the Pakistani intelligentsia so powerful as Iqbal's poetry. In his own time, it kindled the enthusiasm of Muslim intellectuals for the values of Islam and rallied the Muslim community once again to the banner of their faith. (John Thompson) (1884), A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English , London: W.

South Asian Islamic philosopher and poet (1877–1938) "Iqbal" redirects here. Muhammad Iqbal (9 November 1877 – 21 April 1938) was a South Asian Islamic philosopher, poet and politician. His poetry in Urdu is considered to be among the greatest of the 20th century, and his vision of a cultural and political ideal for the Muslims of British-ruled India is widely regarded as having animated the impulse for the Pakistan Movement . He is commonly referred to by the honorific Allama ( Persian : علامه , transl. "learned" ) and widely considered one of the most important and influential Muslim thinkers and Islamic religious philosophers of the 20th century. Born and raised in Sialkot , Punjab , Iqbal completed his BA and MA at the Government College in Lahore . He taught Arabic at the Oriental College in Lahore from 1899 until 1903, during which time he wrote prolifically. Notable among his Urdu poems from this period are " Parinde ki Faryad " (translated as "A Bird's Prayer"), an early contemplation on animal rights, and " Tarana-e-Hindi " (translated as "Anthem of India"), a patriotic poem—both composed for children. In 1905, he departed from India to pursue further education in Europe , first in England and later in Germany . In England, he earned a second BA at Trinity College, Cambridge , and subsequently qualified as a barrister at Lincoln's Inn . In Germany, he obtained a PhD in philosophy at the University of Munich , with his thesis focusing on " The Development of Metaphysics in Persia " in 1908. Upon his return to Lahore in 1908, Iqbal established a law practice but primarily focused on producing scholarly works on politics, economics, history, philosophy, and religion. He is most renowned for his poetic compositions, including " Asrar-e-Khudi, " for which he was honored with a British knighthood upon its publication, " Rumuz-e-Bekhudi ," and " Bang-e-Dara ." His literary works in the Persian language garnered him recognition in Iran , where he is commonly known as Eghbal-e Lahouri ( Persian : اقبال لهوری ), meaning "Iqbal of Lahore." An ardent proponent of the political and spiritual revival of the Muslim world , particularly of the Muslims in the Indian subcontinent , the series of lectures Iqbal delivered to this effect were published as The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam in 1930. He was elected to the Punjab Legislative Council in 1927 and held several positions in the All-India Muslim League . In his Allahabad Address , delivered at the League's annual assembly in 1930, he formulated a political framework for the Muslim-majority regions spanning northwestern India, spurring the League's pursuit of the two-nation theory . In August 1947 , nine years after Iqbal's death, the partition of India gave way to the establishment of Pakistan , a newly independent Islamic state in which Iqbal was honoured as the national poet . He is also known in Pakistani society as Hakim ul-Ummat ( lit. ' The Wise Man of the Ummah ' ) and as Mufakkir-e-Pakistan ( lit. ' The Thinker of Pakistan ' ). The anniversary of his birth ( Youm-e Weladat-e Muḥammad Iqbal ), 9 November, is observed as a public holiday in Pakistan . Oxford University Press and Iqbal Academy Pakistan. pp. xi– xiii. Oxford University Press and Iqbal Academy Pakistan. pp. xi– xiii. Quote: "In Urdu, Iqbal is allowed to have been far the greatest poet of this century, and by most critics to be the only equal of Ghalib (1797–1869). ... the Urdu poems, addressed to a real and familiar audience close at hand, have the merit of being direct, spontaneous utterances on tangible subjects. Through this, Iqbal achieved the status of the greatest Urdu poet in the twentieth century. In the poetry of Iqbal, which he wrote in Persian, to speak to a wider Muslim audience, as well as Urdu, a memory of the past achievements of Islam is combined with a plea for reform. He is considered the greatest Urdu poet of the twentieth century. It was here that he delivered his famous address in which he outlined his vision of a cultural and political framework that would ensure the fullest development of the Muslims of India. (John Thompson) (1884), A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English , London: W. "Realms of spiritual thought: Iqbal's concept of selfhood 'Khudi' encompassing youth's ideology" . Islam and Democracy in the 21st Century .