Muslim Brotherhood

The Muslim Brotherhood , also called Muslim Brethren ( Arabic : جميعة الإخوان المسلمين jamiat al-Ikhwan al-muslimin , literally "Society of Muslim Brothers"; often only الإخوان المسلمون, Ikhwan ul Muslimoon ("Muslim Brothers") or simply الإخوان Ikhwan ("the Brothers") is an Islamist organization with a political approach to Islam.

The Society of the Muslim Brothers ( ), shortened to the Muslim Brotherhood ( الإخوان المسلمون al-Ikhwān al-Muslimūn ) , is a transnational Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928. The organisation gained supporters throughout the Arab world and influenced other Islamist groups with its "model of political activism combined with Islamic charity work", and in 2012 sponsored the first democratically elected political party in Egypt. However, it suffered from periodic government crackdowns for alleged terrorist activities, and as of 2015 is considered a terrorist organization by the governments of Bahrain , Egypt , Russia , Syria , Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates . The Brotherhood's stated goal is to instill the Qur'an and Sunnah as the "sole reference point for ... ordering the life of the Muslim family, individual, community ... and state." Its mottos include "Believers are but Brothers", "Islam is the Solution", and "Allah is our objective; the Qur'an is the Constitution; the Prophet is our leader; jihad is our way; death for the sake of Allah is our wish." It is financed by members, who are required to allocate a portion of their income to the movement, and was for many years financed by Saudi Arabia, with whom it shared some enemies and some points of doctrine. As a Pan-Islamic , religious, and social movement , it preached Islam, taught the illiterate, set up hospitals and business enterprises. The group spread to other Muslim countries but has its largest, or one of its largest, organizations in Egypt despite a succession of government crackdowns in 1948, 1954, 1965, and 2013 after plots, or alleged plots, of assassination and overthrow were uncovered. Over the years it also developed branches in other Muslim countries. The Arab Spring brought it legalisation and substantial political power at first, but as of 2013 it has suffered severe reversals. The Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood was legalized in 2011 and won several elections, including the 2012 presidential election when its candidate Mohamed Morsi became Egypt's first democratically elected president. One year later, however, following massive demonstrations, Morsi was overthrown by the military and arrested. As of 2014, the organization has been declared a terrorist group both in Egypt and by its erstwhile ally Saudi Arabia, and is once again suffering a severe crackdown in Egypt as well as pressure in other Arab countries. The Brotherhood itself insists it is a peaceful, democratic organization, and its leader "condemns violence and violent acts". "Resolution of the State Duma, 2 December 2003 N 3624-III GD "on the Application of the State Duma of the Russian Federation" on the suppression of the activities of terrorist organizations on the territory of the Russian Federation" (in Russian). The Roots of Muslim Anger at America . "Does the Muslim Brotherhood still have a role to play in Egypt's revolutionary politics?" . memo: middle east monitor . Hopes to Work With Diverse Group" . The Land of the Pharaohs on the Brink of a Revolution by John R. "Egypt: What poll results reveal about Brotherhood's popularity" . 29 August 2013 .

Transnational Sunni Islamist organization The Society of the Muslim Brothers ( Jamāʿat al-Ikhwān al-Muslimīn ), better known as the Muslim Brotherhood ( الإخوان المسلمون al-Ikhwān al-Muslimūn ) , is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928. Al-Banna's teachings spread far beyond Egypt, influencing today various Islamist movements from charitable organizations to political parties—not all using the same name. Initially, as a Pan-Islamic , religious, and social movement , it preached Islam in Egypt, taught the illiterate, and set up hospitals and business enterprises. It later advanced into the political arena, aiming to end British colonial control of Egypt. The movement's self-stated aim is the establishment of a state ruled by Sharia law –its most famous slogan worldwide being: "Islam is the solution". Charity is a major propellant to its work. The group spread to other Muslim countries but has its largest, or one of its largest, organizations in Egypt despite a succession of government crackdowns starting in 1948 up until today, with accusations of planning assassinations and plots. It remained a fringe group in politics of the Arab World until the 1967 Six-Day War , when Islamism managed to replace popular secular Arab nationalism after a resounding Arab defeat by Israel. The movement was also supported by Saudi Arabia, with which it shared mutual enemies like communism . The Arab Spring brought it legalization and substantial political power at first, but as of 2013 it has suffered severe reversals. The Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood was legalized in 2011 and won several elections, including the 2012 presidential election when its candidate Mohamed Morsi became Egypt's first president to gain power through an election, though one year later, following massive demonstrations and unrest, he was overthrown by the military and placed under house arrest. The group was then banned in Egypt and declared as a terrorist organization. Persian Gulf monarchies of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates followed suit, driven by the perception that the Brotherhood is a threat to their authoritarian rule. The Brotherhood itself claims to be a peaceful, democratic organization, and that its leader "condemns violence and violent acts". Today, the primary state backers of the Muslim Brotherhood are Qatar and Turkey . As of 2015, it is considered a terrorist organization by the governments of Bahrain , Egypt , Russia , Syria , Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. What is the Muslim Brotherhood? , Al Jazeera , 18 June 2017 Rick Perry and the Muslim Brotherhood: Compare and Contrast - Mona Eltahawy on social conservatism in Egypt and the U.S. , J.J. The New York Times . 30 April 2019 . Bruce Rutherford, Egypt After Mubarak (Princeton: Princeton UP, 2008), 99 "The end of Nasserism: How the 1967 War opened new space for Islamism in the Arab world" . "Egypt: What poll results reveal about Brotherhood's popularity" . 29 August 2013 . "Resolution of the State Duma, 2 December 2003 N 3624-III GD "on the Application of the State Duma of the Russian Federation" on the suppression of the activities of terrorist organizations on the territory of the Russian Federation" (in Russian).

Transnational Sunni Islamist organization The Society of the Muslim Brothers ( Jamāʿat al-Ikhwān al-Muslimīn ), better known as the Muslim Brotherhood ( الإخوان المسلمون al-Ikhwān al-Muslimūn ) , is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928. Al-Banna's teachings spread far beyond Egypt, influencing today various Islamist movements from charitable organizations to political parties. Initially, as a Pan-Islamic , religious, and social movement , it preached Islam in Egypt, taught the illiterate , and set up hospitals and business enterprises. It later advanced into the political arena, aiming to end British colonial control of Egypt . The movement's self-stated aim is the establishment of a state ruled by sharia law –its most famous slogan is "Islam is the solution". Charity is a major aspect of its work. The group spread to other Muslim countries but still has one of its largest organizations in Egypt, despite a succession of government crackdowns from 1948 up until the present. It remained a fringe group in the politics of the Arab World until the 1967 Six-Day War , when Islamism managed to replace popular secular Arab nationalism after a resounding Arab defeat by Israel. The movement was also supported by Saudi Arabia, with which it shared mutual enemies like communism . The Arab Spring brought it legalization and substantial political power at first, but as of 2013 it has suffered severe reversals. The Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood was legalized in 2011 and won several elections, including the 2012 presidential election when its candidate Mohamed Morsi became Egypt's first president to gain power through an election. A year later, following massive demonstrations and unrest, he was overthrown by the military and placed under house arrest. The group was then banned in Egypt and declared a terrorist organization. The Persian Gulf monarchies of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates followed suit, driven by the perception that the Brotherhood is a threat to their authoritarian rule. The Brotherhood itself claims to be a peaceful, democratic organization, and that its leader "condemns violence and violent acts". Today, the primary state backers of the Muslim Brotherhood are Qatar and the AKP -ruling Turkey . As of 2015, it is considered a terrorist organization by the governments of Bahrain , Egypt , Russia , Syria , Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates . Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam . Neo-Sufism assumed the basis of a secondary Athari tendency that we find in the thought of Hasan al-Banna and the Muslim Brotherhood... Neo-Sufism... was a major influence on the thought of Hasan al-Banna and the development of the Muslim Brotherhood.. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace . The 20th Century: A Retrospective . "Anti-colonial connectivity between Islamicate movements in the Middle East and South Asia: the Muslim Brotherhood and Jamati Islam" . "Rick Perry and the Muslim Brotherhood: Compare and Contrast - Mona Eltahawy on social conservatism in Egypt and the U.S." The Atlantic. The New York Review of Books . Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam . Neo-Sufism assumed the basis of a secondary Athari tendency that we find in the thought of Hasan al-Banna and the Muslim Brotherhood... Neo-Sufism... was a major influence on the thought of Hasan al-Banna and the development of the Muslim Brotherhood.. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace . The 20th Century: A Retrospective . "Anti-colonial connectivity between Islamicate movements in the Middle East and South Asia: the Muslim Brotherhood and Jamati Islam" . "Rick Perry and the Muslim Brotherhood: Compare and Contrast - Mona Eltahawy on social conservatism in Egypt and the U.S." The Atlantic. The New York Review of Books . "Постановление ГД ФС РФ от 12.02.2003 N 3624-III ГД "О Заявлении Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации "О пресечении деятельности террористических организаций на территории Российской Федерации" " [Resolution of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of February 12, 2003 N 3624-III of the State Duma "On the Statement of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation "On the suppression of the activities of terrorist organizations on the territory of the Russian Federation"] (in Russian). "Assad says 'factors not in place' for Syria peace talks - World News" . 22 October 2013. The New York Times . 30 April 2019 . BBC News . the Brotherhood won Egypt's five democratic votes, "Egypt's new president to pick woman, Christian VPs" . "Resolution of the State Duma, 2 December 2003 N 3624-III GD "on the Application of the State Duma of the Russian Federation" on the suppression of the activities of terrorist organizations on the territory of the Russian Federation" (in Russian).

Transnational Sunni Islamist organization The Society of the Muslim Brothers ( Arabic : جماعة الإخوان المسلمين Jamāʿat al-Ikhwān al-Muslimīn ), better known as the Muslim Brotherhood ( الإخوان المسلمون al-Ikhwān al-Muslimūn ) , is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar , Imam and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928. Al-Banna's teachings spread far beyond Egypt, influencing various Islamist movements from charitable organizations to political parties. Initially, as a Pan-Islamic , religious, and social movement , it preached Islam in Egypt , taught the illiterate , and set up hospitals and business enterprises. It later advanced into the political arena, aiming to end British colonial control of Egypt . The movement's self-stated aim is the establishment of a state ruled by sharia law under a caliphate –its most famous slogan is "Islam is the solution". Charity is a major aspect of its work. The group spread to other Muslim countries but still has one of its largest organizations in Egypt, despite a succession of government crackdowns since 1948. It remained a fringe group in the politics of the Arab World until the 1967 Six-Day War , when Islamism replaced popular secular Arab nationalism after a resounding Arab defeat by Israel. The movement was also supported by Saudi Arabia, with which it shared mutual enemies like communism . The Arab Spring brought it legalization and substantial political power at first, but as of 2013 it has suffered severe reversals. The Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood was legalized in 2011 and won several elections, including the 2012 presidential election when its candidate Mohamed Morsi became Egypt's first president to gain power through an election. A year later, following massive demonstrations and unrest, he was overthrown by the military and placed under house arrest; with a later review finding that the group failed to moderate its views or embrace democratic values during its time in power. The group was then banned in Egypt and declared a terrorist organization. The Persian Gulf monarchies of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates followed suit, driven by the perception that the Brotherhood is a threat to their authoritarian rule. The group's founder accepted the utility of political violence and members of Brotherhood conducted assassinations and attempted assassinations on Egyptian state figures during his lifetime, including Egyptian Prime Minister Mahmud El Nokrashi in 1948. Sayyid Qutb , one of the group's most prominent thinkers, promoted takfirism in Ma'alim fi-l-Tariq ( Milestones ), a doctrine that permits "the stigmatisation of other Muslims as infidel or apostate, and of existing states as unIslamic, and the use of extreme violence in the pursuit of the perfect Islamic society"; this doctrine continues to inspire many Jihadist movements. The group abandoned the use of violence in the 1970s. The Brotherhood itself claims to be a peaceful, democratic organization, and that its leader "condemns violence and violent acts". In recent times, the primary state backers of the Muslim Brotherhood have been Qatar and the AKP -ruled Turkey . As of 2015, it is considered a terrorist organization by the governments of Bahrain , Egypt , Russia , Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates . Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam . Neo-Sufism assumed the basis of a secondary Athari tendency that we find in the thought of Hasan al-Banna and the Muslim Brotherhood... Neo-Sufism... was a major influence on the thought of Hasan al-Banna and the development of the Muslim Brotherhood.. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace . "Rick Perry and the Muslim Brotherhood: Compare and Contrast – Mona Eltahawy on social conservatism in Egypt and the U.S." The Atlantic. The 20th Century: A Retrospective . "Anti-colonial connectivity between Islamicate movements in the Middle East and South Asia: the Muslim Brotherhood and Jamati Islam" . The New York Review of Books . The Case of HTS, the Former AQ Franchise in Syria . "Постановление ГД ФС РФ от 12.02.2003 N 3624-III ГД "О Заявлении Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации "О пресечении деятельности террористических организаций на территории Российской Федерации" " [Resolution of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of February 12, 2003 N 3624-III of the State Duma "On the Statement of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation "On the suppression of the activities of terrorist organizations on the territory of the Russian Federation"] (in Russian). "Assad says 'factors not in place' for Syria peace talks – World News" . 22 October 2013. Hassan al Banna, called for the religious reformation of individual Muslims, the progressive moral purification of Muslim societies and their eventual political unification in a Caliphate under sharia law. He concluded that the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood did not do enough to demonstrate political moderation or a commitment to democratic values, had failed to convince Egyptians of their competence or good intentions, and had subsequently struggled to draw lessons for what its failure in Egypt meant for its future. Hassan al Banna accepted the political utility of violence, and the Brotherhood conducted attacks, including political assassinations and attempted assassinations against Egyptian state targets and both British and Jewish interests during his lifetime; Jabr, Karam (1999). In Akbarzadeh, Shahram (ed.). Routledge Handbook of Political Islam (1st ed.). "Resolution of the State Duma, 2 December 2003 N 3624-III GD "on the Application of the State Duma of the Russian Federation" on the suppression of the activities of terrorist organizations on the territory of the Russian Federation" (in Russian).