Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula

Islamic Conquest of Hispania Issue of the Emirate of Cordova, 807 The Umayyad conquest of Hispania was the initial expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate over Hispania , largely extending from 711 to 788. The conquest resulted in the destruction of the Visigothic Kingdom and the establishment of the independent Emirate of Cordova under Abd-ar-Rahman I , who completed the unification of Muslim-ruled Iberia, or al-Andalus (756–788). The conquest marks the westernmost expansion of both the Umayyad Caliphate and Muslim rule into Europe. Forces commanded by Tariq ibn Ziyad disembarked in early 711 at Gibraltar at the head of an army consisting of Berber Northwest Africans and Arabs . He campaigned his way northward after the decisive Battle of Guadalete against the usurper Roderic . By 717, the Berber-Arabs had crossed the Pyrénées onto Septimania and Provence (734). Al-Andalus under the Umayyads

8th century Muslim conquest of the Iberian peninsula Belligerents Umayyad Caliphate Visigothic Kingdom (until 721) Kingdom of Asturias (from 718/722) Commanders and leaders Tariq ibn Ziyad Tarif ibn Malik Munuza Musa ibn Nusayr Abd al-Aziz ibn Nusair Roderic † Theodemir Achila II † Oppas ( MIA ) Ardo Pelagius of Asturias Bilingual Arabic–Latin dinar issued c. 716 The Umayyad conquest of Hispania , also known as the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula or the Umayyad conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom , was the initial expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate over Hispania (in the Iberian Peninsula ) from 711 to 788. The conquest resulted in the destruction of the Visigothic Kingdom and the establishment of the independent Emirate of Córdoba under Abd al-Rahman I (ruled 756–788), who completed the unification of the Muslim-ruled areas (known as al-Andalus ). The conquest marks the westernmost expansion of both the Umayyad Caliphate and Muslim rule into Europe . During the caliphate of the Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid I , forces led by Tariq ibn Ziyad disembarked in early 711 in Gibraltar at the head of an army consisting of Berbers from north Africa. After defeating the Visigothic usurper Roderic at the decisive Battle of Guadalete , Tariq was reinforced by an Arab force led by his superior wali Musa ibn Nusayr and continued northward. By 717, the combined Arab-Berber force had crossed the Pyrenees into Septimania . They occupied further territory in Gaul until 759. The book of Islamic dynasties: a celebration of Islamic history and culture . Maroc et Espagne: une histoire commune publié par Fundación El Legado Andalusí .

8th century Muslim conquest of the Iberian peninsula Belligerents Umayyad Caliphate Visigothic Kingdom Kingdom of Asturias Commanders and leaders Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik Musa ibn Nusayr Tariq ibn Ziyad Tarif ibn Malik Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa Uthman ibn Naissa Roderic † Theodemir Achila II † Oppas ( MIA ) Ardo Pelagius Map of the Umayyad conquest of Hispania The Muslim conquest of Spain was an invasion of the Iberian Peninsula by the Umayyad Caliphate that occurred from approximately 711 to 718. The conquest resulted in the defeat of the Visigothic Kingdom and the establishment of the Umayyad Wilayah of Al-Andalus . During the caliphate of the sixth Umayyad caliph al-Walid I ( r. 705–715 ), forces led by Tariq ibn Ziyad disembarked in early 711 in Gibraltar at the head of an army consisting of Berbers from north Africa. After defeating the Visigothic king Roderic at the decisive Battle of Guadalete , Tariq was reinforced by an Arab force led by Musa ibn Nusayr and continued northward. By 717, the combined Arab-Berber force had crossed the Pyrenees into Septimania . They occupied further territory in Gaul until 759. There are <ref group=lower-roman> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ). The book of Islamic dynasties: a celebration of Islamic history and culture . Maroc et Espagne: une histoire commune publié par Fundación El Legado Andalusí .

8th-century Muslim conquest of the Iberian peninsula Belligerents Umayyad Caliphate Visigothic Kingdom Kingdom of Asturias Commanders and leaders Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik Musa ibn Nusayr Tariq ibn Ziyad Tarif ibn Malik Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa Uthman ibn Naissa Julian, Count of Ceuta Roderic † Theodemir Achila II † Oppas ( MIA ) Ardo Pelagius of Asturias Peter of Cantabria The Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula ( Arabic : فَتْحُ الأَنْدَلُس , romanized : fatḥu l-andalus ; 711–720s), also known as the Arab conquest of Spain , was the Umayyad conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania in the early 8th century. The conquest resulted in the end of Christian rule in most of Iberia and the establishment of Muslim Arab - Moorish rule in that territory, which came to be known as al-Andalus , under the Umayyad dynasty . During the caliphate of the sixth Umayyad caliph al-Walid I ( r. 705–715 ), military commander Tariq ibn Ziyad departed from North Africa in early 711 to cross the Straits of Gibraltar , with a force of about 1,700 men, to launch a military expedition against the Visigoth -controlled Kingdom of Toledo , which encompassed the former territory of Roman Hispania . After defeating king Roderic at the Battle of Guadalete in July the same year, Tariq was reinforced by an Arab force led by his superior wali Musa ibn Nusayr and continued northward. In 713, Theodemir , the Visigothic count of Murcia conditionally surrendered, and in 715, Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa was named the first governor of Al-Andalus , naming Seville as his capital. By 717, the Umayyads had invaded Gaul to launch their first raids into Septimania . By 719, Barcelona and Narbonne had also been captured. From 740 to 742, the invasion was then disrupted by the Berber Revolt , and in 755 when an Abbasid force led by Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri landed to claim the territory from the Umayyads. However, an Umayyad army was decisively defeated by Pelagius of Asturias at the Battle of Covadonga in the mountains of Asturias, securing a Christian stronghold in Northern Spain. By 781, Abd al-Rahman I had quashed all rebellions and rivals and consolidated Umayyad rule over an almost wholly reunified Iberia, a presence that would remain until the Reconquista , which was aimed at reclaiming the entire Iberian Peninsula for Christianity . (A History of Spain, Vol. The book of Islamic dynasties: a celebration of Islamic history and culture . Maroc et Espagne: une histoire commune publié par Fundación El Legado Andalusí . The Near West: Medieval North Africa, Latin Europe, and the Mediterranean in the Second Axial Age (2017)9781474410083 pg. 56