Nation of Islam

The Nation of Islam is a religious organization founded in Detroit, Michigan , by Wallace D. He set out with the goal of resurrecting the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of the African American men and women of America. The N.O.I. also promotes the belief that God will bring about a universal government of peace. Mainstream Muslims consider the group to be a non-Islamic independent religion that has adopted Islamic terminology rather than an Islamic sect due to differing beliefs about God, race, and prophecy, among others. Since 1978, Louis Farrakhan has been the leader of a reconstituted N.O.I., the original organization having been renamed and dissolved by Warith Deen Muhammad . The N.O.I.'s national center and headquarters are located in Chicago , Illinois , which is also home to its flagship Mosque No. 2, Mosque Maryam . A meeting in 2000 gathered about 20,000 members.

( Learn how and when to remove this message ) The Nation of Islam ( NOI ) is an Islamic religious movement founded in Detroit , United States, by Wallace D. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have labeled the organization as being black supremacist and antisemitic , and NOI is tracked as a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center . Its official newspaper is The Final Call . The Nation of Islam does not publish its membership numbers; in 2007, the core membership was estimated between 20,000 and 50,000. After Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad , who established places of worship (called Temples or Mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam , businesses, farms and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. There were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become Sunni Muslim . After Elijah Muhammad's death, his son Warith Deen Mohammed changed the name of the organization to " World Community of Islam in the West " (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology. In 1977, Louis Farrakhan rejected Warith Deen Mohammed's leadership and re-established the Nation of Islam on the original model. He took over the Nation of Islam's headquarter Temple, Mosque Maryam (Mosque #2), which is located in Chicago, Illinois . Since 2010, under Farrakhan, members have been strongly encouraged to study Dianetics , and the Nation claims it has trained 1055 Auditors . Antisemitism: myth and hate from antiquity to the present . The New York Times . Black Muslims in America .

African American political and religious movement The Nation of Islam ( NOI ) is an African American political and new religious movement , founded in Detroit, Michigan , United States, by Wallace Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930. Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans. Critics have described the theology of the organization as promoting antisemitism and anti-LGBT rhetoric , and of having promoted black supremacist beliefs in the past. The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group . Its official newspaper is The Final Call . In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000. It is one of the wealthiest organizations in black America. Fard disappeared in June 1934. His successor Elijah Muhammad established places of worship (called temples or mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam , farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses . There were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim . After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed , changed the name of the organization to " World Community of Islam in the West " (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology. In 1977, Louis Farrakhan rejected Warith Deen Mohammed's leadership and re-established the Nation of Islam on the original model. He took over the Nation of Islam's headquarters temple, Mosque Maryam (Mosque #2) in Chicago, Illinois . Since 2010, under Farrakhan, members have been strongly encouraged to study Dianetics , and the Nation claims it has trained 1,055 auditors . The New York Times . A Guide To New Religious Movements . The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology . Nation of Islam Movement . Antisemitism: myth and hate from antiquity to the present . Black Muslims in America .

African American political and religious movement Not to be confused with Islamic state or Islamic State . The Nation of Islam ( NOI ) is a religious and political organization founded in the United States by Wallace Fard Muhammad in 1930. A black nationalist organization, the NOI focuses its attention on the African diaspora , especially on African Americans . It identifies itself as practicing a form of Islam although this differs considerably from mainstream Islamic traditions . Scholars of religion characterize it as a new religious movement . It operates as a centralized and hierarchical organization. The Nation teaches that there has been a succession of mortal gods, each a black man named Allah , of whom Fard Muhammad is the most recent. It claims that the first Allah created the earliest humans, the Arabic -speaking, dark-skinned Tribe of Shabazz , whose members possessed inner divinity and from whom all people of color are descended. It maintains that a scientist named Yakub then created the white race. The whites lacked inner divinity, and were intrinsically violent; they overthrew the Tribe of Shabazz and achieved global dominance. Setting itself against the white-dominated society of the United States, the NOI campaigns for the creation of an independent African American nation-state, and calls for African Americans to be economically self-sufficient and separatist . A millenarian tradition, it maintains that Fard Muhammad will soon return aboard a spaceship , the "Mother Plane" or "Mother Ship," to wipe out the white race and establish a utopia . Members worship in buildings called mosques or temples . Practitioners are expected to live disciplined lives, adhering to strict dress codes, specific dietary requirements, and patriarchal gender roles. Wallace Fard Muhammad established the Nation of Islam in Detroit . He drew on various sources, including Noble Drew Ali 's Moorish Science Temple of America , black nationalist trends like Garveyism , and black-oriented forms of Freemasonry . After Fard Muhammad disappeared in 1934, the leadership of the NOI was assumed by Elijah Muhammad . He expanded the NOI's teachings and declared Fard Muhammad to be the latest Allah. Attracting growing attention in the late 1950s and 1960s, the NOI's influence expanded through high-profile members such as the black nationalist activist Malcolm X and the boxer Muhammad Ali . Deeming it a threat to domestic security, the Federal Bureau of Investigation worked to undermine the group. Following Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son Warith Deen Mohammed took over the organization, moving it towards Sunni Islam and renaming it the World Community of Islam in the West . Members seeking to retain Elijah Muhammad's teachings re-established the Nation of Islam under Louis Farrakhan 's leadership in 1977. Farrakhan has continued to develop the NOI's beliefs, for instance by drawing connections with Dianetics , and expanding its economic and agricultural operations. Based in the United States, the Nation of Islam has also established a presence abroad, with membership open only to people of color. In 2007, it was estimated to have 50,000 members. The Nation has proven to be particularly successful at converting prisoners. The Southern Poverty Law Center and the Anti-Defamation League have characterized it as a black supremacist hate group that promotes racial prejudice towards white people , anti-semitism , and anti-LGBT rhetoric . Muslim critics accuse it of promoting teachings that are not authentically Islamic.

African-American new religious movement Not to be confused with Islamic nation or Islamic state . The Nation of Islam ( NOI ) is a religious organization founded in the United States by Wallace Fard Muhammad in 1930. A centralized and hierarchical organization, the NOI is committed to black nationalism and focuses its attention on the African diaspora , especially on African Americans . While describing itself as Islamic and using Islamic terminology, its religious tenets differ substantially from orthodox Islamic traditions . Scholars of religion characterize it as a new religious movement . The Nation teaches that there has been a succession of mortal gods, each a black man named Allah , of whom Fard Muhammad is the latest. It claims that the first Allah created the earliest humans, the dark-skinned Original Asiatic Race, whose members possessed inner divinity and from whom all people of color descend. It maintains that a scientist named Yakub then created the white race, a group that lacked inner divinity and who were intrinsically violent. The whites overthrew the Original Asiatic Race and achieved global dominance. Setting itself against the white-dominated society of the United States, the NOI campaigns for the creation of an independent African American nation-state and calls for African Americans to be economically self-sufficient and separatist . A millenarian tradition, it maintains that Fard Muhammad will soon return aboard a spaceship , the "Mother Plane" or "Mother Ship", to wipe out the white-dominated order and establish a utopia . Members worship in buildings, varyingly called temples or mosques . Practitioners are expected to live disciplined lives, adhering to strict dress codes, specific dietary requirements, and patriarchal gender roles. Wallace Fard Muhammad established the Nation of Islam in Detroit . He drew on various sources, especially Noble Drew Ali 's Moorish Science Temple of America and black nationalist trends like Garveyism . After Fard Muhammad disappeared in 1934, the leadership of the NOI was assumed by Elijah Muhammad , who expanded the NOI's teachings, declared Fard Muhammad to be the latest Allah, and built the group's business empire. Attracting growing attention in the late 1950s and 1960s, the NOI's influence expanded through high-profile members such as the black nationalist activist Malcolm X and the boxer Muhammad Ali . Deeming it a threat to domestic security, the Federal Bureau of Investigation worked to undermine the group. Following Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son Wallace D. Muhammad took over the organization, moving it towards Sunni Islam and renaming it the World Community of Islam in the West . Members seeking to retain Elijah Muhammad's teachings re-established the Nation of Islam under Louis Farrakhan 's leadership in 1977. Farrakhan has continued to develop the NOI's beliefs, for instance by drawing connections with Dianetics , and expanding its economic and agricultural operations. Based in the United States, the Nation of Islam has also established a presence abroad, with membership open only to people of color. In 2007 it was estimated to have 50,000 members. The Nation has proven to be particularly successful at converting prisoners. The Southern Poverty Law Center and the Anti-Defamation League have characterized it as a black supremacist hate group that promotes racism towards white people , antisemitism , and anti-LGBT rhetoric . Muslim critics accuse it of promoting teachings that are not authentically Islamic.