Qedarites

Qedarite (also Kedarite / Cedarene , Cedar / Kedar / Qedar and Kingdom of Qedar ) refers to a largely nomadic , ancient Arab tribal confederation. Described as "the most organized of the Northern Arabian tribes", at the peak of its power in the 6th century BC it controlled a large region between the Persian Gulf and the Sinai Peninsula . Biblical tradition holds that the Qedarites are named for Qedar, the second son of Ishmael , mentioned in the Bible 's books of Genesis (25:13) and Chronicles (1:29), where there are also frequent references to Qedar as a tribe. The earliest extrabiblical inscriptions discovered by archaeologists that mention the Qedarites are from the Neo-Assyrian Empire . Spanning the 8th and 7th centuries BC, they list the names of Qedarite queens and kings who paid Assyrian monarchs tribute, as well as those who revolted and were defeated in battle. There are also Aramaic and Old South Arabian inscriptions recalling the Qedarites, who further appear briefly in the writings of Classical Greek and Roman historians, such as Herodotus , Pliny the Elder , and Diodorus . It is unclear when the Qedarites ceased to exist as a separately defined confederation or people. Allies with the Nabataeans , it is likely that they were subsumed into the Nabataean state around the 2nd century AD. Arab genealogical scholars widely consider Ishmael to be an ancestral forefather of the Arab people, and assign great importance in their accounts to his first two sons ( Nebaioth and Qedar), with the genealogy of Mohammed , the founder of Islam , alternately assigned to one or the other son, depending on the scholar.

The Qedarites (also Kedarites / Cedarenes , Cedar / Kedar / Qedar , and Kingdom of Qedar ) were a largely nomadic , ancient Arab tribal confederation. Described as "the most organized of the Northern Arabian tribes", at the peak of its power in the 6th century BC it controlled a large region between the Persian Gulf and the Sinai Peninsula . Biblical tradition holds that the Qedarites are named for Qedar, the second son of Ishmael , mentioned in the Bible 's books of Genesis (25:13) and 1 Chronicles (1:29), where there are also frequent references to Qedar as a tribe. The earliest extrabiblical inscriptions discovered by archaeologists that mention the Qedarites are from the Neo-Assyrian Empire . Spanning the 8th and 7th centuries BC, they list the names of Qedarite kings who revolted and were defeated in battle, as well as those who paid Assyrian monarchs tribute, including Zabibe , queen of the Arabs (šar-rat KUR.a-ri-bi). There are also Aramaic and Old South Arabian inscriptions recalling the Qedarites, who further appear briefly in the writings of Classical Greek and Roman historians, such as Herodotus , Pliny the Elder , and Diodorus . It is unclear when the Qedarites ceased to exist as a separately defined confederation or people. Allies with the Nabataeans , it is likely that they were subsumed into the Nabataean state around the 2nd century AD. In Islam, Ishmael is considered to be an ancestral forefather of the Arab people, and Muslims assign great importance in their accounts to his first two sons ( Nebaioth and Qedar), with the genealogy of Muhammad, a Messenger of God in Islam , alternately assigned to one or the other son, depending on the scholar. None of them is called anything else.

The Qedarite Kingdom , or Qedar ( , also known as Qedarites ), was a largely nomadic , ancient Arab tribal confederation. Described as "the most organized of the Northern Arabian tribes", at the peak of its power in the 6th century BCE it had a kingdom and controlled a vast region in Arabia. Biblical tradition holds that the Qedarites are named for Qedar, the second son of Ishmael , mentioned in the Bible 's books of Genesis (25:13) and 1 Chronicles (1:29), where there are also frequent references to Qedar as a tribe. The earliest extrabiblical inscriptions discovered by archaeologists that mention the Qedarites are from the Neo-Assyrian Empire . Spanning the 8th and 7th centuries BCE, they list the names of Qedarite kings who revolted and were defeated in battle, as well as those who paid Assyrian monarchs tribute, including Zabibe , queen of the Arabs (šar-rat KUR.a-ri-bi). There are also Aramaic and Old South Arabian inscriptions recalling the Qedarites, who further appear briefly in the writings of Classical Greek , such as Herodotus, and Roman historians, such as Pliny the Elder , and Diodorus . It is unclear when the Qedarites ceased to exist as a separately defined confederation or people. Allies with the Nabataeans , it is likely that they were absorbed into the Nabataean state around the 2nd century CE. In Islam, Isma'il is considered to be the ancestral forefather of the Arab people, and in traditional Islamic historiography, Muslim historians have assigned great importance in their accounts to his first two sons ( Nebaioth and Qedar), with the genealogy of the Prophet Muhammad , alternately assigned to one or the other son, depending on the scholar. None of them is called anything else.

700s–100s BC northern Arab tribal confederation "Qedar" redirects here. Southern Ancient Arab states Arab empires and caliphates Eastern dynasties Western dynasties and caliphates Arabian Peninsula East Africa Current monarchies v t e The Qedarites ( Old Arabic : 𐪄𐪕𐪇 QDR ) were a largely nomadic ancient Arab tribal confederation centred in the Wādī Sirḥān in the Syrian Desert . Attested from the 9th century BC, the Qedarites formed a powerful polity which expanded its territory over the course of the 9th to 7th centuries BC to cover a large area in northern Arabia stretching from Transjordan in the west to the western borders of Babylonia in the east, before later moving westwards during the 6th to 5th centuries BC to consolidate into a kingdom stretching from the eastern limits of the Nile Delta in the west till Transjordan in the east and covering much of southern Palestine , the Sinai Peninsula and the Negev . The Qedarites played an important role in the history of the Levant and of North Arabia , where they enjoyed close relations with the nearby Canaanite and Aramaean states, and became important participants in the trade of spices and aromatics imported into the Fertile Crescent and the Mediterranean world from South Arabia . Having engaged in both friendly ties and hostilities with the Mesopotamian powers such as the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires, the Qedarites eventually became integrated within the structure of the Persian Achaemenid Empire . Closely associated with the Nabataeans , the Qedarites might have eventually been absorbed by them. The Qedarites also feature within the scriptures of Abrahamic religions , where they appear in the Hebrew and Christian Bible and the Quran as the eponymous descendants of Qedar, the second son of Ishmael , himself the son of Abraham . Within Islamic tradition, some scholars claim that the Islamic prophet Muḥammad was descended from Ishmael through Qedar.