Wikipedia's first sentence called it “leading islamic jurist and arabic calligraphist who is probably best known as the likely artist responsible for”. Today it says “prominent muslim theological and political adviser of the umayyad caliphs abd al-malik”. The one-line description Wikipedia serves to search engines and AI systems read “Muslim theological and political adviser, 6th century”. It now reads “Muslim theological and Umayyad political adviser”.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-03.
We saved snapshots of this article over twenty years; you are reading the 2025 one. Red dashes: removed from Wikipedia since.Pale dots: rewritten; the numbered note shows what it says now.Red text: written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot.1 tap a number or a side note to jump between them
The opening as it read in 2025
Raja ibn Haywa al-Kindi ( Arabic : رَجَاء بْنِ حَيْوَة الكِنْدِيّ , romanized : Rajaʾ ibn Ḥaywa al-Kindī ) was a prominent Muslim theological and political adviser of the Umayyad caliphs Abd al-Malik ( r. 685–705 ), al-Walid I ( r. 705–715 ), Sulayman ( r. 715–717 ) and Umar ( r. 717–720 ). He was a staunch defender of the religious conduct of the caliphs against their pious detractors. He played an important role in the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem under Abd al-Malik. He became a mentor of Sulayman during the latter's governorship of Palestine and his secretary or chief scribe during his caliphate. Raja played an influential role in securing the succession of Umar over Sulayman's brothers or sons and continued as a secretary to the new caliph. He spent the last decade of his life in retirement, though he maintained contact with Caliph Hisham ( r. 724–743 ).
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 1292681896.
The opening as it stood in 2010
scholars-01 Raja Ibn Haywah al-Kindi was a leading Islamic jurist and Arabic calligraphist who is probably best known as the likely artist responsible for the detailed inscriptions on the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem , which was completed in 692 .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 369490091.
The opening as it stood in 2015
Raja ibn Haywah al-Kindi was a leading Islamic jurist and Arabic calligraphist from Baysan who is probably best known as the artist most likely responsible for the detailed inscriptions on the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem , which was completed in 692.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 630854196.
The opening as it stood in 2020 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Muslim theological and political adviser, 6th century Rajaʾ ibn Ḥaywa ibn Khanzal al-Kindī was a prominent Muslim theological and political adviser of the Umayyad caliphs Abd al-Malik ( r. 685–705 ), al-Walid I ( r. 705–715 ), Sulayman ( r. 715–717 ) and Umar II ( r. 717–720 ).He was a staunch defender of the religious conduct of the caliphs against their pious detractors.He played an important role in the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem under Abd al-Malik.He became a mentor of Sulayman during the latter's governorship of Palestine and his secretary or chief scribe during his caliphate.He played an influential role in securing the succession of Umar II over Sulayman's brothers or sons and continued as a secretary to the new caliph.He spent the last decade of his life in retirement, though he maintained contact with Caliph Hisham ( r. 724–743 ).
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 911484417.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023
Muslim theological and Umayyad political adviser Rajaʾ ibn Ḥaywa ibn Khanzal al-Kindī ( ) was a prominent Muslim theological and political adviser of the Umayyad caliphs Abd al-Malik ( r. 685–705 ), al-Walid I ( r. 705–715 ), Sulayman ( r. 715–717 ) and Umar II ( r. 717–720 ). He was a staunch defender of the religious conduct of the caliphs against their pious detractors. He played an important role in the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem under Abd al-Malik. He became a mentor of Sulayman during the latter's governorship of Palestine and his secretary or chief scribe during his caliphate. Raja played an influential role in securing the succession of Umar II over Sulayman's brothers or sons and continued as a secretary to the new caliph. He spent the last decade of his life in retirement, though he maintained contact with Caliph Hisham ( r. 724–743 ).
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1146390342.
Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “leading islamic jurist and arabic calligraphist who is probably best known as the likely artist responsible for”. Today it says “prominent muslim theological and political adviser of the umayyad caliphs abd al-malik”. The one-line description Wikipedia serves to search engines and AI systems read “Muslim theological and political adviser, 6th century”. It now reads “Muslim theological and Umayyad political adviser”. Read the current article and compare.
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2010, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
leading islamic jurist and arabic calligraphist who is probably best known as the likely artist responsible for
Now
prominent muslim theological and political adviser of the umayyad caliphs abd al-malik
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.
