Revisionist Zionism

Revisionist Zionism is a right wing tendency within the Zionist movement. The ideology was developed by Ze'ev Jabotinsky who advocated a "revision" of the "practical Zionism" of David Ben Gurion and Chaim Weizmann , which was focused on independent settlement of Eretz Yisrael . Revisionist Zionism was instead centered on a vision of "political Zionism", which Jabotinsky regarded as following the legacy of Theodore Herzl , Zionism's founder. In its early years, and under Jabotinsky's leadership, Revisionist Zionism was focused on gaining British aid for settlement. Later, Revisionist groups independent of Jabotinsky's leadership, conducted campaigns of violence against the British authorities in Mandate of Palestine to drive them out and establish a Jewish state .

The British Mandate of Palestine included the modern-day territory of Israel , the West Bank , Gaza and Jordan . The portion west of the Jordan River came to be administered separately as "Palestine". Revisionist Zionists claimed the entire Mandate of Palestine, not only the western portion, as part of the Jewish state . Consequently, for many years after the establishment of Israel, they did not recognise the existence of Jordan. However by the 1970s, the legitimacy of Jordan was no longer questioned. Revisionist Zionism is a nationalist faction within the Zionist movement. It is the founding ideology of the non-religious right in Israel , and was the chief ideological competitor to the dominant socialist Labor Zionism . Revisionism is represented primarily by the Likud Party . The ideology was developed originally by Ze'ev Jabotinsky who advocated a "revision" of the "practical Zionism" of David Ben Gurion and Chaim Weizmann , which was focused on independent settlement of Eretz Yisrael . In 1935, after the Zionist Executive rejected his political program and refused to state that “the aim of Zionism was the establishment of a Jewish state,” Jabotinsky resigned from the Zionist Organization . He founded the New Zionist Organization (NZO) to conduct independent political activity for free immigration and the establishment of a Jewish State. Revisionist Zionism was instead centered on a vision of "political Zionism", which Jabotinsky regarded as following the legacy of Theodor Herzl , the founder of modern political Zionism. In its early years, and under Jabotinsky's leadership, Revisionist Zionism was focused on gaining British aid for settlement. Later, Revisionist groups independent of Jabotinsky's leadership, conducted campaigns of violence against the British authorities in Palestine to drive them out and establish a Jewish state .

The region covered by the British Mandate for Palestine included the modern-day territories of Israel , the West Bank , Gaza and Jordan . The Mandate allowed the mandatory authority, Britain, to restrict Jewish settlement in parts of the territory. This was applied to Transjordan, to the east of the River Jordan. Revisionist Zionists saw the move as illegitimate and demanded that the whole mandate territory, not just its western portion, should be part of a future Jewish state . Initially, after the establishment of Israel, they did not recognise the existence of Jordan and as late as 1956, they still rejected the possibility of peace. However, with the acquisition of additional lands in 1967, by the 1970s, the legitimacy of Jordan was no longer questioned. It is the founding ideology of the non-religious right in Israel , and was the chief ideological competitor to the dominant socialist Labor Zionism . Revisionism is the precursor of the Likud Party . The ideology was developed originally by Ze'ev Jabotinsky who advocated a "revision" of the "practical Zionism" of David Ben-Gurion and Chaim Weizmann , which was focused on independent settlement of Eretz Yisrael . In 1935, after the Zionist Executive rejected his political program and refused to state that "the aim of Zionism was the establishment of a Jewish state", Jabotinsky resigned from the Zionist Organization . He founded the New Zionist Organization (NZO) to conduct independent political activity for free immigration and the establishment of a Jewish State. Revisionist Zionism was instead centered on a vision of "political Zionism", which Jabotinsky regarded as following the legacy of Theodor Herzl , the founder of modern political Zionism. In its early years, and under Jabotinsky's leadership, Revisionist Zionism was focused on gaining British aid for settlement. Later, Revisionist groups independent of Jabotinsky's leadership conducted campaigns of violence against the British authorities in Palestine to drive them out and establish a Jewish state . "Ze'ev Jabotinsky", J source (biography), Jewish virtual library .

Right-leaning faction of the Zionist movement The Revisionist Zionist platform Revisionist Zionism is a form of Zionism which is characterized by territorial maximalism. Revisionist Zionism promoted expansionism and the establishment of a Jewish majority on both sides of the Jordan River . Developed by Ze'ev Jabotinsky , this ideology advocated a "revision" of the " practical Zionism " of David Ben-Gurion and Chaim Weizmann which was focused on the settling of Eretz Yisrael ( Land of Israel ) by independent individuals. Differing from other types of Zionism , Revisionists insisted upon the Jewish right to sovereignty over the whole of Eretz Yisrael , which they equated to Mandatory Palestine and Transjordan . It was the chief ideological competitor to the dominant socialist Labor Zionism . Revisionist Zionism directly opposed Labor Zionism within the general Zionist movement. Revisionist Zionism had its own paramilitary group called the Irgun , out of which another organization known as the Stern Gang emerged. Both the Irgun and the Stern Gang were responsible for several attacks against the British to try to expel them from Palestine. In 1935, after the Zionist Executive rejected Jabotinsky's political program and refused to state that "the aim of Zionism was the establishment of a Jewish state", Jabotinsky resigned from the World Zionist Organization . He founded the New Zionist Organization (NZO), known in Hebrew as Tzakh , to conduct independent political activity for free immigration and the establishment of a Jewish State. In its early years under Jabotinsky's leadership, Revisionist Zionism was focused on gaining support from Britain for settlement. Later, Revisionist groups independent of Jabotinsky initiated campaigns against the British to open up immigration during the 1930s following the White Paper , which severely limited Jews' right to immigrate at a time considered critical as the Nazis were gaining power. Revisionist Zionism has strongly influenced modern right-wing Israeli parties, principally Herut and its successor Likud . Israel Studies . 1 (2): 278– 293 – via JSTOR.

Right-leaning faction of the Zionist movement The Revisionist Zionist Union Revisionist Zionism is a form of Zionism characterized by territorial maximalism. Revisionist Zionism promoted expansionism and the establishment of a Jewish majority on both sides of the Jordan River . Developed by Ze'ev Jabotinsky in the 1920s, this ideology advocated a "revision" of the " practical Zionism " of David Ben-Gurion and Chaim Weizmann which was focused on the settling of Eretz Yisrael ( Land of Israel ) by independent individuals. Differing from other types of Zionism , Revisionists insisted upon the Jewish right to sovereignty over the whole of Eretz Yisrael , including Mandatory Palestine and Transjordan . It was the main ideological opponent to the dominant socialist Labor Zionism . Revisionist Zionism has strongly influenced modern right-wing Israeli parties, principally Herut and its successor Likud . In 1935, after the Zionist Executive rejected Jabotinsky's political program, Jabotinsky resigned from the World Zionist Organization and founded the New Zionist Organization (NZO), known in Hebrew as Tzakh . Its aim was to conduct independent political activity for free immigration and the establishment of a Jewish State. In its early years under Jabotinsky's leadership, Revisionist Zionism was focused on gaining support from Britain for settlement. From the early 1930s, Jabotinsky believed that the United Kingdom could no longer be trusted to advance the Zionist cause, leading to a short-lived alliance with Italy. Revisionist Zionism had its own paramilitary group, led by Jabotinsky until his death in 1940, called the Irgun , which has been characterized by some as a terrorist organization. Both the Irgun and the Stern Gang , which emerged from it, were responsible for several attacks against the British to try to expel them from Palestine. After the White Paper of 1939 severely limited Jewish immigration to Palestine, just as the Nazis were gaining power, the Irgun and Lehi initiated campaigns against the British . After the founding of Israel, control of the East Bank became increasingly less important in the ideology of Revisionist Zionism. Following the 1967 Six-Day War , when Israel occupied the West Bank and the Gaza Strip , Revisionism's territorial aspirations concentrated on these territories instead. By the 1970s, the legitimacy of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan was no longer questioned and in 1994, an overwhelming majority of Likud Knesset Members (MKs) voted for the Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace . Terror out of Zion : Irgun Zvai Leumi, LEHI, and the Palestine underground, 1929-1949 . The Terrorism Reader (4th ed.).