Simon bar Kokhba

Simon bar Kokhba was a Jewish military leader who led Bar Kokhba's revolt against the Romans in 132 CE , establishing an independent state of Israel which he ruled for three years as Nasi ("prince," or "president"). His state was conquered by the Romans in 135 CE following a two-year war. Originally named Simon Bar Koziba , he was given the name Bar Kokhba ( Aramaic for "Son of a Star") by his contemporary, the Jewish sage Rabbi Akiva , who contemplated the possibility that Bar Kochba could be the long-awaited Jewish Messiah . Due to the failure of the earlier Great Jewish Revolt in the eastern Roman provinces, Bar Kokhba's support was mostly limited to the Roman province of Judea . Despite some initial successes, his revolt was brutally crushed by Emperor Hadrian : Bar Kokhba and his followers were killed in a dramatic last stand at the fortress of Betar, southwest of Jerusalem , and many of his supporters were executed, among them Rabbi Akiva. Nevertheless, it was a costly victory for Rome, and the generals, when reporting to the Senate , did not begin with the customary greeting: "I and my troops are well." After Bar Kokhba's defeat, Jerusalem was razed, Jews were forbidden to live there, and a new Roman city, Aelia Capitolina , was built in its place. Hadrian renamed Provincia Iudaea as Provincia Syria Palaestina . Over the past few decades, much new information about the revolt has come to light, thanks mainly to the discovery of several collections of letters, some possibly by Bar Kokhba himself, in the caves overlooking the Dead Sea . These letters can now be seen at the Israel Museum .

Shimon bar Kokhba ( , also transliterated as Bar Kochba ) was the Jewish leader who led what is known as the Bar Kokhba revolt against the Roman Empire in 132 CE , establishing an independent Jewish state of Israel which he ruled for three years as Nasi ("Ruler"). His state was conquered by the Romans in 135 following a two-year war. Documents discovered in the modern era give us his original name, Simon ben Kosiba , ( ) he was given the surname Bar Kokhba, ( Aramaic for "Son of a Star", referring to the Star Prophecy of Numbers 24:17 , "A star has shot off Jacob") by his contemporary, the Jewish sage Rabbi Akiva . After the failure of the revolt, the rabbinical writers referred to bar Kokhba as "Simon bar Kozeba" ( , "Son of lies" or "Son of deception").

The leader of the Bar Kokhba revolt For other uses, see Bar Kokhba (disambiguation) . Simon ben Kosevah , or Cosibah , known to posterity as Bar Kokhba ( ; died 135 CE), was a Jewish military leader who led the Bar Kokhba revolt against the Roman Empire in 132 CE . The revolt established a three-year-long independent Jewish state in which Bar Kokhba ruled as Nasi ("Prince"). Some of the rabbinic scholars in his time imagined him to be the long-expected Messiah . Bar Kokhba fell in the fortified town of Betar , after a prolonged siege of three and half years. An Historic Glimpse on Simon Bar Kokhba" . There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).

Leader of the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136 CE) For other uses, see Bar Kokhba (disambiguation) . Simon bar Kokhba ( Šīmʾōn bar Kōḵḇāʾ‎ ‍ ) or Simon ben Koseba ( שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר כֹסֵבָא Šīmʾōn bar Ḵōsēḇaʾ‎ ‍ ), commonly referred to simply as Bar Kokhba , was a Jewish military leader in Judea . He is the namesake of the Bar Kokhba revolt , which he initiated against the Roman Empire in 132 CE. Though they were ultimately unsuccessful, Bar Kokhba and his rebels did manage to establish and maintain a Jewish state for about three years after beginning the rebellion. Bar Kokhba served as the state's leader, crowning himself as nasi ( lit. ' prince ' ). Some of the rabbinic scholars in his time imagined him to be the long-expected Messiah of Judaism . In 135, Bar Kokhba was killed by Roman troops in the fortified town of Betar . The Judean rebels who remained after his death were all killed or enslaved within the next year, and their defeat was followed by a harsh crackdown on the Judean populace by the Roman emperor Hadrian . An Historic Glimpse on Simon Bar Kokhba" . Israel Exploration Journal . 21 (1): 39– 46. Journal of Ancient Judaism . 1 (aop): 1– 36. ; There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).

Leader of the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136 CE) For other uses, see Bar Kokhba (disambiguation) . Simon bar Kokhba ( Hebrew : שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר כּוֹכְבָא Šīm‘ōn bar Kōḵḇāʾ‎ ‍ ) or Simon bar Koseba ( שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר כֹסֵבָא Šīm‘ōn bar Ḵōsēḇaʾ‎ ‍ ), commonly referred to simply as Bar Kokhba , was a Jewish military leader in Judea . He lent his name to the Bar Kokhba revolt , which he initiated against the Roman Empire in 132 CE. Though they were ultimately unsuccessful, Bar Kokhba and his rebels did manage to establish and maintain a Jewish state for about three years after beginning the rebellion. Bar Kokhba served as the state's leader, crowning himself as nasi ( lit. ' prince ' ). Some of the rabbinic scholars in his time believed him to be the long-expected Messiah . In 135, Bar Kokhba was killed by Roman troops in the fortified town of Betar . The Judean rebels who remained after his death were all killed or enslaved within the next year, and their defeat was followed by a harsh crackdown on the Judean populace by the Roman emperor Hadrian . An Historic Glimpse on Simon Bar Kokhba" . Israel Exploration Journal . 21 (1): 39– 46. Journal of Ancient Judaism . 1 (aop): 1– 36. ; There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).