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The opening as it read in 2005
Ulugh Beg, here depicted in a Russian stamp, was one of Islam's greatest astronomers during the middle ages. Ulugh Beg ( 1394 - October 27 , 1449 ) was a Timurid Empire ruler ( 1447 - 1449) and also astronomer , mathematician and sultan . His name also appears as Uluğ Bey , Ulugh Bek and Ulug Bek .1The name is not truly a personal name, but rather a moniker, which can be loosely translated as Great Ruler or Patriach Ruler .2The grandson of the conqueror Timur the Lame ( 1336 - 1405 ) and oldest son of Shah Rukh , both of whom came from the Turkic Barlas tribe of Transoxiana (then Persia , present Uzbekistan ), Ulugh Beg was born in Sultaniyya in Iran . As a child he wandered through a substantial chunk of the Middle East and India as his grandfather expanded his conquests in those areas. With Timur's death, however, and the accession of Ulugh's father to much of the Timurid Empire , he settled in Samarkand which had been Timur's capital. After Shah Rukh moved the capital to Herat (in modern Afghanistan ), sixteen year-old Ulugh Beg became the shah's governor in Samarkand in 1409 . In 1411 he became a sovereign of the whole Mavarannhar khanate . The teenaged ruler set out to turn the city into an intellectual center for the empire. In 1417 - 1420 he built a madrasa ("university" or "institute") on Registan Square in Samarkand, and invited numerous Islamic astronomers and mathematicians to study there. Ulugh Beg's most famous pupil in mathematics was Ghiyath al-Kashi (circa 1370 - 1429 ). His own particular interests concentrated on astronomy , and in 1428 he built an enormous observatory , called the Gurkhani Zij , similar to Tycho Brahe 's later Uraniborg . Lacking telescopes to work with, he increased his accuracy by increasing the length of his sextant ; the so-called Fakhri Sextant had a radius of circa 36 meters and the optical separability of 180" (seconds of arc). Using it he compiled the 1437 Zij-i Sultani of 994 stars , generally considered the greatest of star catalogues between those of Ptolemy and Brahe. The serious errors which he found in the Arabian star catalogues (the authors had simply copied from Ptolemy, adding the effect of precession to the longitudes) induced him to redetermine the positions of 992 fixed stars, to which he added 27 stars from Al Sufi 's catalogue from 964 , which were too far south for observation from Samarkand. This catalogue, the first original one since Ptolemy, was edited by Thomas Hyde at Oxford in 1665 ( Tabulae longitudinis et latitudinis stellarum fixarum ex observatione Ulugbeighi ), by G. Sharpe in 1767 , and in 1843 by Francis Baily in vol. xiii. of the Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society . In 1437 Ulugh Beg determined the length of the sidereal year as 365.2570370... = 365 6 10 8 (an error +58 ). In his measurements within many years he used a 50 m high gnomon . This value was improved by 28 88 years later in 1525 by Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 - 1543 ), who appealed to the estimation of Thabit ibn Qurra ( 826 - 901 ), which was accurate to +2 .3Ulugh Beg was also notable for his work in astronomy-related mathematics, such as trigonometry and spherical geometry .4Unfortunately Ulugh was not much of a great administrator as he was a great scientist. He lost some battles to rival kingdoms, and in 1448 massacred the people of Herat after defeating Mirza Ala-u-dowleh son of Bai sunqur. Within two years he was beheaded by his own eldest son, 'Abd al-Latif , while on his way to Mecca . Eventually, however, he was rehabilitated by his grandson Babur , founder of the Mogul Empire , who placed Ulugh Beg's remains in the tomb of Timur in Samarkand, found by archeologists in 1941 . In honour of his achievements, a crater on the Moon has been named for him, Ulug Beigh (the spelling used by the German astronomer Johann Heinrich von Mädler ( 1794 - 1874 ) who proposed the name in his 1830 map of the Moon).5
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Ulugh Beg ( Chaghatay / ); Mīrzā Muhammad Tāriq ibn Shāhrukh (Ulugh Beg) - also Uluğ Bey , Ulugh Bek and Ulug Bek ) (c. 1393 or 1394 in Sultaniyeh ( Persia ) – October 27, 1449) was a Timurid ruler as well as an astronomer , mathematician and sultan .His commonly-known name is not truly a personal name, but rather a moniker, which can be loosely translated as "Great Ruler" or "Patriarch Ruler" and was the Turkic equivalent of Timur 's Perso-Arabic title Amīr-e Kabīr .His real name was Mīrzā Mohammad Tāregh bin Shāhrokh . Ulugh Beg was also notable for his work in astronomy-related mathematics, such as trigonometry and spherical geometry . He built the great observatory in Samarkand between 1424 and 1429.Manz, "Tīmūr Lang" , in Encyclopaedia of Islam , Online Edition, 2006
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Mīrzā Muhammad Tāraghay bin Shāhrukh ( , ) better known as Ulugh Beg ( الغ بیگ ) (March 22, 1394 in Sultaniyeh , Persia – October 27, 1449, Samarkand ) was a Timurid ruler as well as an astronomer , mathematician and sultan . His commonly known name is not truly a personal name, but rather a moniker , which can be loosely translated as "Great Ruler" or "Patriarch Ruler" and was the Turkic equivalent of Timur 's Perso-Arabic title Amīr-e Kabīr . His real name was Mīrzā Mohammad Tāraghay bin Shāhrokh . Ulugh Beg was also notable for his work in astronomy-related mathematics, such as trigonometry and spherical geometry . He built the great Ulugh Beg Observatory in Samarkand between 1424 and 1429.It was considered by scholars to have been one of the finest observatories in the Islamic world at the time and the largest in Central Asia.He built the Ulugh Beg Madrasah (1417–1420) in Samarkand and Bukhara , transforming the cities into cultural centers of learning in Central Asia.He was also a mathematics genius of the 15th century — albeit his mental aptitude was perseverance rather than any unusual endowment of intellect.His Observatory is situated in Samarkand which is in Uzbekistan.He ruled Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, southern Kazakhstan and most of Afghanistan for almost half a century from 1411 to 1449.Manz, "Tīmūr Lang" , in Encyclopaedia of Islam , Online Edition, 2006 Science in Islamic civilisation: proceedings of the international symposia: "Science institutions in Islamic civilisation", & "Science and technology in the Turkish and Islamic world" [1] The global built environment as a representation of realities: By author:A.J.J.Mekking [2] History of mathematics.
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Timurid ruler as well as an astronomer, mathematician and sultan (1394–1449) For the city district of Tashkent, Uzbekistan, see Mirzo Ulugbek .Mīrzā Muhammad Tāraghay bin Shāhrukh ( , ), better known as Ulugh Beg ( الغ بیگ ) (22 March 1394 – 27 October 1449), was a Timurid sultan , as well as an astronomer and mathematician .Ulugh Beg was notable for his work in astronomy-related mathematics, such as trigonometry and spherical geometry , as well as his general interests in the arts and intellectual activities.It is thought that he spoke five languages: Arabic , Persian , Turkic , Mongolian , and a small amount of Chinese .During his rule (first as a governor, then outright) the Timurid Empire achieved the cultural peak of the Timurid Renaissance through his attention and patronage.Samarkand was captured and given to Ulugh Beg by his father Shah Rukh . He built the great Ulugh Beg Observatory in Samarkand between 1424 and 1429. It was considered by scholars to have been one of the finest observatories in the Islamic world at the time and the largest in Central Asia . Ulugh Beg was subsequently recognized as the most important observational astronomer from the 15th century by many scholars. He also built the Ulugh Beg Madrasah (1417–1420) in Samarkand and Bukhara , transforming the cities into cultural centers of learning in Central Asia. However, Ulugh Beg's scientific expertise was not matched by his skills in governance.During his short reign, he failed to establish his power and authority.As a result, other rulers, including his family, took advantage of his lack of control and he was subsequently overthrown and assassinated. Science in Islamic civilisation: proceedings of the international symposia: "Science institutions in Islamic civilisation", & "Science and technology in the Turkish and Islamic world" [1] "Ulugh Beg". Britannica Academic. : Missing or empty |url= ( help ) "Samarkand: Ulugh Beg's Observatory" .Science in Islamic civilisation: proceedings of the international symposia: "Science institutions in Islamic civilisation", & "Science and technology in the Turkish and Islamic world" [2] "The Legacy of Ulugh Beg | Central Asian Monuments | Edited by H. The global built environment as a representation of realities: By author:A.J.J. The University of Oklahoma Libraries .
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Timurid sultan, astronomer and mathematician (1394–1449) For the city district of Tashkent, Uzbekistan, see Mirzo Ulugbek . Mīrzā Muhammad Tāraghay bin Shāhrukh ( ; ), better known as Ulugh Beg ( ; ; 22 March 1394 – 27 October 1449), was a Timurid sultan , as well as an astronomer and mathematician . Ulugh Beg was notable for his work in astronomy-related mathematics, such as trigonometry and spherical geometry , as well as his general interests in the arts and intellectual activities. It is thought that he spoke five languages: Arabic , Persian , Chaghatai Turkic , Mongolian , and a small amount of Chinese . During his rule (first as a governor, then outright) the Timurid Empire achieved the cultural peak of the Timurid Renaissance through his attention and patronage. Samarkand was captured and given to Ulugh Beg by his father Shah Rukh . He built the great Ulugh Beg Observatory in Samarkand between 1424 and 1429. It was considered by scholars to have been one of the finest observatories in the Islamic world at the time and the largest in Central Asia . Ulugh Beg was subsequently recognized as the most important observational astronomer from the 15th century by many scholars. He also built the Ulugh Beg Madrasah (1417–1420) in Samarkand and Bukhara , transforming the cities into cultural centers of learning in Central Asia . However, Ulugh Beg's scientific expertise was not matched by his skills in governance. During his short reign, he failed to establish his power and authority. As a result, other rulers, including his family, took advantage of his lack of control, and he was subsequently overthrown and assassinated. There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ). Science in Islamic civilisation: proceedings of the international symposia: "Science institutions in Islamic civilisation", & "Science and technology in the Turkish and Islamic world" [1] Ulugh Beg, OU Libraries, Britannica Academic "Samarkand: Ulugh Beg's Observatory" . The global built environment as a representation of realities: By author:A.J.J. The University of Oklahoma Libraries .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1178498006.
The opening as it stood in 2025
Timurid sultan, astronomer and mathematician (1394–1449) For the city district of Tashkent, Uzbekistan, see Mirzo Ulugbek . Ulugh Beg Observatory Ophiuchus , miniature from the manuscript of The Book of Fixed Stars commissioned by Ulugh Beg.Bibliothèque nationale de France Mīrzā Muhammad Tarāghāy bin Shāhrukh ( Chagatay : میرزا محمد تراغای بن شاهرخ ; Persian : میرزا محمد طارق بن شاهرخ ), better known as Ulugh Beg ( Persian : الغبیک ; 22 March 1394 – 27 October 1449), was a Timurid sultan , as well as an astronomer and mathematician . Ulugh Beg was notable for his work in astronomy-related mathematics, such as trigonometry and spherical geometry , as well as his general interests in the arts and intellectual activities. It is thought that he spoke five languages: Arabic , Persian , Chaghatai Turkic , Mongolian , and a small amount of Chinese . During his rule (first as a governor, then outright) the Timurid Empire achieved the cultural peak of the Timurid Renaissance through his attention and patronage. Samarkand was captured and given to Ulugh Beg by his father Shah Rukh . He built the great Ulugh Beg Observatory in Samarkand between 1424 and 1429. It was considered by scholars to have been one of the finest observatories in the Islamic world at the time and the largest in Central Asia . Ulugh Beg was subsequently recognized as the most important observational astronomer from the 15th century by many scholars. He also built the Ulugh Beg Madrasah (1417–1420) in Samarkand and Bukhara , transforming the cities into cultural centers of learning in Central Asia . However, Ulugh Beg's scientific expertise was not matched by his skills in governance. During his short reign, he failed to establish his power and authority. As a result, other rulers, including his family, took advantage of his lack of control, and he was subsequently overthrown and assassinated. There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ). Science in Islamic civilisation: proceedings of the international symposia: "Science institutions in Islamic civilisation", & "Science and technology in the Turkish and Islamic world" [1] Ulugh Beg, OU Libraries, Britannica Academic "Samarkand: Ulugh Beg's Observatory" . The global built environment as a representation of realities: By author:A.J.J. The University of Oklahoma Libraries .
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