Southern Thailand insurgency

It originated in the 1960s as an ethnic and religious separatist insurgency in the historical Malay Patani Region , made up of the three southernmost provinces of Thailand and parts of a fourth, but has become more complex and increasingly violent since 2001. The former Sultanate of Patani , which comprised the southern Thai provinces of Pattani (Patani), Yala (Jala), Narathiwat (Menara)—also known as the three Southern Border Provinces (SBP) —as well as neighbouring parts of Songkhla Province (Singgora), and the northeastern part of Malaysia ( Kelantan ), was conquered by the Kingdom of Siam in 1785 and, except for Kelantan, the area has been governed by Thailand ever since. Although low level separatist violence had occurred in the region for decades, the campaign escalated after 2001, with a recrudescence in 2004, occasionally spilling over into other provinces. Outside the region, incidents blamed on southern insurgents have occurred in Bangkok and Phuket. In July 2005, Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra assumed wide-ranging emergency powers to deal with the southern violence, but the insurgency escalated further. On 19 September 2006, a military junta ousted Thaksin Shinawatra in a coup . The junta implemented a major policy shift by replacing Thaksin's earlier approach with a campaign to win over the "hearts and minds" of the insurgents. Despite little progress in curbing the violence, the junta declared that security was improving and that peace would come to the region by 2008. By March 2008, however, the death toll surpassed 3,000. During the Democrat -led government of Abhisit Vejjajiva , Foreign Minister Kasit Piromya noted a "sense of optimism" and said that he was confident of bringing peace into the region within 2010. But by the end of 2010 insurgency-related violence had increased, confounding the government's optimism. Finally in March 2011, the government conceded that violence was increasing and could not be solved in a few months. Local leaders have persistently demanded at least a level of autonomy from Thailand for the Patani region and some of the separatist insurgent movements have made a series of demands for peace talks and negotiations. However, these groups have been largely sidelined by the BRN-C , the group currently spearheading the insurgency which sees no reason for negotiations and is against talks with other insurgent groups. The BRN-C has as its immediate aim to make Southern Thailand ungovernable and has largely been successful at it. Estimates of the strength of the insurgency vary greatly. In 2004 General Panlop Pinmanee claimed that there were only 500 hard-core jihadists. Other estimates say there as many as 15,000 armed insurgents. Around 2004 some Thai analysts believed that foreign Islamic terrorist groups were infiltrating the area, and that foreign funds and arms are being brought in, though again, such claims were balanced by an equally large body of opinion suggesting this remains a distinctly local conflict. Over 6,000 people have died and more than 10,000 have been injured between 2004 and 2014 in a formerly ethnic separatist insurgency, which has currently been taken over by hard-line Jihadis and pitted them against both the Thai-speaking Buddhist minority and local Muslims who have a moderate approach or who support the Thai government. Asia Report №98 . 18 May 2005 . International Herald Tribune . 29 March 2009 . AP, Thai Military Says Security Improving , 4 January 2007 "Bloodshed part of daily life in Thailand's Muslim south" .

Units involved Royal Thai Army Thahan Phran Royal Thai Navy Marine Corps Royal Thai Air Force No specific units No specific units Strength 60,000 10,000–30,000 unknown Casualties and losses 6,703+ killed (2004–2017) 11,919 injured (2004–2015) The South Thailand insurgency ( ; ) is an ongoing conflict centered in southern Thailand . It originated in 1948 as an ethnic and religious separatist insurgency in the historical Malay Patani Region , made up of the three southernmost provinces of Thailand and parts of a fourth, but has become more complex and increasingly violent since the early 2000s from drug cartels , oil smuggling networks , and sometimes pirate raids. The former Sultanate of Pattani , which included the southern Thai provinces of Pattani (Patani), Yala (Jala), Narathiwat (Menara)—also known as the three Southern Border Provinces (SBP) —as well as neighbouring parts of Songkhla Province (Singgora), and the northeastern part of Malaysia ( Kelantan ), was conquered by the Kingdom of Siam in 1785 and, except for Kelantan, has been governed by Thailand ever since. Although low-level separatist violence had occurred in the region for decades, the campaign escalated after 2001, with a recrudescence in 2004, and has occasionally spilled over into other provinces. Incidents blamed on southern insurgents have occurred in Bangkok and Phuket. In July 2005, Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra assumed wide-ranging emergency powers to deal with the southern violence, but the insurgency escalated further. On 19 September 2006, a military junta ousted Thaksin Shinawatra in a coup . The junta implemented a major policy shift by replacing Thaksin's earlier approach with a campaign to win over the "hearts and minds" of the insurgents. Despite little progress in curbing the violence, the junta declared that security was improving and that peace would come to the region by 2008. By March 2008, however, the death toll surpassed 3,000. During the Democrat -led government of Abhisit Vejjajiva , Foreign Minister Kasit Piromya noted a "sense of optimism" and said that he was confident of bringing peace to the region in 2010. But by the end of 2010 insurgency-related violence had increased, confounding the government's optimism. Finally in March 2011, the government conceded that violence was increasing and could not be solved in a few months. Local leaders have persistently demanded at least a level of autonomy from Thailand for the Patani region and some of the separatist insurgent movements have made a series of demands for peace talks and negotiations. However, these groups have been largely sidelined by the Barisan Revolusi Nasional -Koordinasi (BRN-C), the group currently spearheading the insurgency. It sees no reason for negotiations and is against talks with other insurgent groups. The BRN-C has as its immediate aim to make southern Thailand ungovernable and it has largely been successful. Estimates of the strength of the insurgency vary greatly. In 2004 General Pallop Pinmanee claimed that there were only 500 hardcore jihadists. Other estimates say there as many as 15,000 armed insurgents. Around 2004 some Thai analysts believed that foreign Islamic terrorist groups were infiltrating the area, and that foreign funds and arms are being brought in, though again, such claims were balanced by an equally large body of opinion suggesting this remains a distinctly local conflict. Over 6,500 people died and almost 12,000 were injured between 2004 and 2015 in a formerly ethnic separatist insurgency, which has currently been taken over by hard-line jihadis and pitted them against both the Thai-speaking Buddhist minority and local Muslims who have a moderate approach or who support the Thai government. Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies . "Bloodshed part of daily life in Thailand's Muslim south" . 19 March 2008. "Thailand can quash insurgency by year-end: minister" . 2 February 2010.

The South Thailand insurgency ( ; ) is an ongoing conflict centered in southern Thailand . It originated in 1948 as an ethnic and religious separatist insurgency in the historical Malay Patani Region , made up of the three southernmost provinces of Thailand and parts of a fourth, but has become more complex and increasingly violent since the early 2000s from drug cartels , oil smuggling networks , and sometimes pirate raids. The former Sultanate of Pattani , which included the southern Thai provinces of Pattani (Patani), Yala (Jala), Narathiwat (Menara)—also known as the three Southern Border Provinces (SBP) —as well as neighbouring parts of Songkhla Province (Singgora), and the northeastern part of Malaysia ( Kelantan ), was conquered by the Kingdom of Siam in 1785 and, except for Kelantan, has been governed by Thailand ever since. Although low-level separatist violence had occurred in the region for decades, the campaign escalated after 2001, with a recrudescence in 2004, and has occasionally spilled over into other provinces. Incidents blamed on southern insurgents have occurred in Bangkok and Phuket. In July 2005, Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra assumed wide-ranging emergency powers to deal with the southern violence, but the insurgency escalated further. On 19 September 2006, a military junta ousted Thaksin Shinawatra in a coup . The junta implemented a major policy shift by replacing Thaksin's earlier approach with a campaign to win over the "hearts and minds" of the insurgents. Despite little progress in curbing the violence, the junta declared that security was improving and that peace would come to the region by 2008. By March 2008, however, the death toll surpassed 3,000. During the Democrat -led government of Abhisit Vejjajiva , Foreign Minister Kasit Piromya noted a "sense of optimism" and said that he was confident of bringing peace to the region in 2010. But by the end of 2010 insurgency-related violence had increased, confounding the government's optimism. Finally in March 2011, the government conceded that violence was increasing and could not be solved in a few months. Local leaders have persistently demanded at least a level of autonomy from Thailand for the Patani region and some of the separatist insurgent movements have made a series of demands for peace talks and negotiations. However, these groups have been largely sidelined by the Barisan Revolusi Nasional -Koordinasi (BRN-C), the group currently spearheading the insurgency. It sees no reason for negotiations and is against talks with other insurgent groups. The BRN-C has as its immediate aim to make southern Thailand ungovernable and it has largely been successful. Estimates of the strength of the insurgency vary greatly. In 2004, General Pallop Pinmanee claimed that there were only 500 hardcore jihadists. Other estimates say there as many as 15,000 armed insurgents. Around 2004, some Thai analysts believed that foreign Islamic terrorist groups were infiltrating the area, and that foreign funds and arms are being brought in, though again, such claims were balanced by an equally large body of opinion suggesting this remains a distinctly local conflict. Over 6,500 people died and almost 12,000 were injured between 2004 and 2015 in a formerly ethnic separatist insurgency, which has currently been taken over by hard-line jihadis and pitted them against both the Thai-speaking Buddhist minority and local Muslims who have a moderate approach or who support the Thai government. Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies . "ผบ.ทบ.เยือนอินโดฯ ชู "อาเจะห์โมเดล" ดับไฟใต้ "สร้างความเข้าใจ ไม่แยกดินแดน" " . สำนักข่าวอิศรา . 15 January 2020. "คณะลูกเรือไทยสายการบินกาตาร์แอร์เวยส์ มอบอุปกรณ์จำเป็นแก่ จนท.ชายแดนใต้ (ชมคลิป) - ข่าวชายแดนใต้ | แอดชายแดนใต้" . 29 November 2018. " 'กต.เยอรมัน' เยือน 'ศอ.บต.' ปลื้มทำงานยึดปชช.เป็นที่ตั้ง" . 20 November 2019. "หน่วยข่าวตั้งข้อสังเกตรัสเซียแจ้งเตือน IS เข้าไทย - ชายแดนใต้เฝ้าระว..." สำนักข่าวอิศรา . 4 December 2015. "ศูนย์ปฏิบัติการทุ่นระเบิดแห่งชาติ ศูนย์บัญชาการทางทหาร ส่งมอบพื้นที่ปลอดภัยจากทุ่นระเบิดและกับระเบิด ในพื้นที่อำเภอกาบัง จังหวัดยะลา" . thainews.prd.go.th . "ได้เวลาตีตรา "บีอาร์เอ็น" องค์กรก่อการร้าย...หรือยัง?" . สำนักข่าวอิศรา . 11 May 2017. "ยาเสพติดโยงป่วนใต้...แต่ไม่ใช่รากเหง้าของ "เงื่อนไข" ที่ปลายขวาน" . สำนักข่าวอิศรา . วงษ์สมุทร์, นันท์ชนก (28 May 2017). "จาก 'ตุลา 16' ถึง '16 ตุลา' ใครฆ่า 3จี ?" . สำนักข่าวอิศรา . 14 October 2012. "สื่อนอกแฉเงินจากขบวนการค้ายา "ไซซะนะ" ถูกใช้ก่อความไม่สงบทางภาคใต้ของไทย" . rsutv.tv . 10 February 2017. "ยิงดับ 5 ตร.ปราบน้ำมันเถื่อน สลด "ร.ต.ท." เตรียมเข้าพิธีวิวาห์" . สำนักข่าวอิศรา . : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) " "โจรสลัด" อีกหนึ่งภัยคุกคามทะเลไทย-อาเซียน" . สำนักข่าวอิศรา . 26 June 2017. "รวบเครือข่ายยานรก บัง หลำบ๊ก มาเฟีย 3 จังหวัดชายแดนใต้ ยึดทรัพย์ 13 ล้าน" . ข่าวสด . 29 August 2019. "ผ่าเครือข่ายน้ำมันเถื่อนภาคใต้ ผลประโยชน์หมื่นล้าน-ส่วยทะลัก" . สำนักข่าวอิศรา . 7 August 2014. "45 ปี กองพลทหารราบที่ 5 จาก …ปราบปรามคอมมิวนิสต์มาลายา สู่….ความมั่นคง ด้ามขวาน ยัน ปัญหาชายแดนใต้" . 3 March 2020. " "บิ๊กณะ"ปลุกขวัญกำลังพลนาวิก ลงพื้นที่ป้องภัยชายแดนใต้" . ข่าวสด . 13 September 2017. "นาวิกโยธินฝึกเข้ม เตรียมพร้อมผลัดเปลี่ยนกำลังลงชายแดนใต้" . thairath.co.th . 25 July 2017. " "ทัพฟ้า" ส่งกำลังพลดูแลความสงบ 3 จังหวัดชายแดนใต้" . ข่าวสด . 28 September 2017. " "ทัพฟ้า"ส่งกำลังพลปฏิบัติหน้าที่ 3 จังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้" . ข่าวสด . 1 October 2018. "รำลึก 8 ปีการจากไปของ "ผู้กองแคน-หมวดตี้" ตำรวจพลร่ม "วีรบุรุษชายแดนใต้" " . 25 September 2015. "ยิ่งจับยิ่งเยอะ รวบแก๊งค้ายาบ้าจังหวัดชายแดนใต้ พร้อมของกลางกว่า 7 แสนเม็ด" . 29 November 2018. "Bloodshed part of daily life in Thailand's Muslim south" . 19 March 2008. "Thailand can quash insurgency by year-end: minister" . 2 February 2010.

It originated in 1948 as an ethnic and religious separatist insurgency in the historical Malay Patani Region , made up of the three southernmost provinces of Thailand and parts of a fourth, but has become more complex and increasingly violent since the early 2000s from drug cartels , oil smuggling networks , and sometimes pirate raids. The former Sultanate of Pattani , which included the southern Thai provinces of Pattani (Patani), Yala (Jala), Narathiwat (Menara)—also known as the three Southern Border Provinces (SBP) —as well as neighbouring parts of Songkhla Province (Singgora), and the northeastern part of Malaysia ( Kelantan ), was conquered by the Kingdom of Siam in 1785 and, except for Kelantan, has been governed by Thailand ever since. Although low-level separatist violence had occurred in the region for decades, the campaign escalated after 2001, with a recrudescence in 2004, and has occasionally spilled over into other provinces. Incidents blamed on southern insurgents have occurred in Bangkok and Phuket. In July 2005, Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra assumed wide-ranging emergency powers to deal with the southern violence, but the insurgency escalated further. On 19 September 2006, a military junta ousted Thaksin in a coup d'état . The junta implemented a major policy shift by replacing Thaksin's earlier approach with a campaign to win over the "hearts and minds" of the insurgents. Despite little progress in curbing the violence, the junta declared that security was improving and that peace would come to the region by 2008. By March 2008, however, the death toll surpassed 3,000. During the Democrat -led government of Abhisit Vejjajiva , Foreign Minister Kasit Piromya noted a "sense of optimism" and said that he was confident of bringing peace to the region in 2010. But by the end of 2010 insurgency-related violence had increased, confounding the government's optimism. Finally in March 2011, the government conceded that violence was increasing and could not be solved in a few months. Local leaders have persistently demanded at least a level of autonomy from Thailand for the Patani region and some of the separatist insurgent movements have made a series of prior demands before engaging in peace talks and negotiations. However, these groups have been largely sidelined by the Barisan Revolusi Nasional -Koordinasi (BRN-C), the group currently spearheading the insurgency. It sees no reason for negotiations and is against talks with other insurgent groups. The BRN-C has as its immediate aim to make southern Thailand ungovernable and it has largely been successful. Estimates of the strength of the insurgency vary greatly. In 2004, General Pallop Pinmanee claimed that there were only 500 hardcore jihadists. Other estimates say there as many as 15,000 armed insurgents. Around 2004, some Thai analysts believed that foreign Islamic terrorist groups were infiltrating the area, and that foreign funds and arms were being brought in, though again, such claims were balanced by an equally large body of opinion suggesting this remains a distinctly local conflict. Over 6,500 people died and almost 12,000 were injured between 2004 and 2015 in a formerly ethnic separatist insurgency, which has currently been taken over by hard-line jihadis and pitted them against both the Thai-speaking Buddhist minority and local Muslims who have a moderate approach or who support the Thai government. Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies . "ผบ.ทบ.เยือนอินโดฯ ชู "อาเจะห์โมเดล" ดับไฟใต้ "สร้างความเข้าใจ ไม่แยกดินแดน" " . สำนักข่าวอิศรา . 15 January 2020. "คณะลูกเรือไทยสายการบินกาตาร์แอร์เวยส์ มอบอุปกรณ์จำเป็นแก่ จนท.ชายแดนใต้ (ชมคลิป) - ข่าวชายแดนใต้ | แอดชายแดนใต้" . 29 November 2018. " 'กต.เยอรมัน' เยือน 'ศอ.บต.' ปลื้มทำงานยึดปชช.เป็นที่ขายเดกตั้ง" . 20 November 2019. "หน่วยข่าวตั้งข้อสังเกตรัสเซียแจ้งเตือน IS เข้าไทย - ชายแดนใต้เฝ้าระว..." สำนักข่าวอิศรา . 4 December 2015. "ศูนย์ปฏิบัติการทุ่นระเบิดแห่งชาติ ศูนย์บัญชาการทางทหาร ส่งมอบพื้นที่ปลอดภัยจากทุ่นระเบิดและกับระเบิด ในพื้นที่อำเภอกาบัง จังหวัดยะลา" . thainews.prd.go.th . "ได้เวลาตีตรา "บีอาร์เอ็น" องค์กรก่อการร้าย...หรือยัง?" . สำนักข่าวอิศรา . 11 May 2017. "สหรัฐฯ ส่ง K-9 ช่วยตำรวจไทย" . 4 March 2015. "ยาเสพติดโยงป่วนใต้...แต่ไม่ใช่รากเหง้าของ "เงื่อนไข" ที่ปลายขวาน" . สำนักข่าวอิศรา . วงษ์สมุทร์, นันท์ชนก (28 May 2017). "จาก 'ตุลา 16' ถึง '16 ตุลา' ใครฆ่า 3จี ?" . สำนักข่าวอิศรา . 14 October 2012. "สื่อนอกแฉเงินจากขบวนการค้ายา "ไซซะนะ" ถูกใช้ก่อความไม่สงบทางภาคใต้ของไทย" . rsutv.tv . 10 February 2017. "ยิงดับ 5 ตร.ปราบน้ำมันเถื่อน สลด "ร.ต.ท." เตรียมเข้าพิธีวิวาห์" . สำนักข่าวอิศรา . : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) " "โจรสลัด" อีกหนึ่งภัยคุกคามทะเลไทย-อาเซียน" . สำนักข่าวอิศรา . 26 June 2017. "รวบเครือข่ายยานรก บัง หลำบ๊ก มาเฟีย 3 จังหวัดชายแดนใต้ ยึดทรัพย์ 13 ล้าน" . ข่าวสด . 29 August 2019. "ผ่าเครือข่ายน้ำมันเถื่อนภาคใต้ ผลประโยชน์หมื่นล้าน-ส่วยทะลัก" . สำนักข่าวอิศรา . 7 August 2014. "45 ปี กองพลทหารราบที่ 5 จาก …ปราบปรามคอมมิวนิสต์มาลายา สู่….ความมั่นคง ด้ามขวาน ยัน ปัญหาชายแดนใต้" . 3 March 2020. " "บิ๊กณะ"ปลุกขวัญกำลังพลนาวิก ลงพื้นที่ป้องภัยชายแดนใต้" . ข่าวสด . 13 September 2017. "นาวิกโยธินฝึกเข้ม เตรียมพร้อมผลัดเปลี่ยนกำลังลงชายแดนใต้" . thairath.co.th . 25 July 2017. " "ทัพฟ้า" ส่งกำลังพลดูแลความสงบ 3 จังหวัดชายแดนใต้" . ข่าวสด . 28 September 2017. " "ทัพฟ้า"ส่งกำลังพลปฏิบัติหน้าที่ 3 จังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้" . ข่าวสด . 1 October 2018. "รำลึก 8 ปีการจากไปของ "ผู้กองแคน-หมวดตี้" ตำรวจพลร่ม "วีรบุรุษชายแดนใต้" " . 25 September 2015. "ยิ่งจับยิ่งเยอะ รวบแก๊งค้ายาบ้าจังหวัดชายแดนใต้ พร้อมของกลางกว่า 7 แสนเม็ด" . 29 November 2018. "Bloodshed part of daily life in Thailand's Muslim south" . 19 March 2008. "Thailand can quash insurgency by year-end: minister" . 2 February 2010.