Split of Christianity and Judaism

Jesus vertreibt die Händler aus dem Tempel , a depiction of Jesus' Cleansing of the Jewish Temple , by Giovanni Paolo Pannini The split between Pharisaic / Rabbinic Judaism and Early / Proto-orthodox Christianity is commonly attributed to: the Rejection of Jesus c.30; the Council of Jerusalem c.50; the Destruction of the Second Temple in 70; the postulated Council of Jamnia c.90; and/or the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132–135. However, rather than a sudden split, there was a slowly growing chasm between Christians and Jews in the first centuries of the Christian Era . Even though it is commonly thought that Paul established a Gentile church , it took centuries for a complete break to manifest. However, certain events are perceived as pivotal in the growing rift between Christianity and Judaism . Recently, scholars have begun to recognize that the historical picture is quite a bit more complicated than that. In the first century, many Jewish sects existed in competition with each other. The sects which eventually became Rabbinic Judaism and Proto-orthodox Christianity were but two of these. Some scholars have begun to propose a model which envisions a twin birth of Proto-Orthodox Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism rather than a separation of the former from the latter. Daniel Boyarin proposes a revised understanding of the interactions between nascent Christianity and nascent Judaism in late antiquity which views the two “new” religions as intensely and complexly intertwined throughout this period. Boyarin writes: "for at least the first three centuries of their common lives, Judaism in all of its forms and Christianity in all of its forms were part of one complex religious family, twins in a womb, contending with each other for identity and precedence, but sharing with each other the same spiritual food, as well". At least as interesting and significant, it seems more and more clear that it is frequently impossible to tell a Jewish text from a Christian one. The borders are fuzzy, and this has consequences. Religious ideas and innovations can cross borders in both directions." Robert Goldenberg.

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Historical emergence and separation of Christianity from Judaism Marriage of the Virgin by Robert Campin, circa 1420, illustrates the symbolic foundation of Christianity on Judaism through the depiction of Mary and Joseph's marriage at the unfinished portal of a Gothic church, built upon the Romanesque Temple of Jerusalem. Christianity began as a movement within Second Temple Judaism , but the two religions gradually diverged over the first few centuries of the Christian Era , and the Christian movement perceived itself as distinct from the Jews by the fourth century. Historians continue to debate the dating of Christianity's emergence as a discrete religion apart from Judaism. Alexander characterizes the question of when Christianity and Judaism parted company and went their separate ways (often termed the parting of the ways ) as "one of those deceptively simple questions which should be approached with great care". According to historian Shaye J. Cohen , "the separation of Christianity from Judaism was a process, not an event", in which the church became "more and more gentile , and less and less Jewish". Conversely, various historical events have been proposed as definitive points of separation, including the Council of Jerusalem and the First Council of Nicaea . Historiography of the split is complicated by a number of factors, including a diverse and syncretic range of religious thought and practice within Early Christianity and early Rabbinic Judaism (both of which were far less orthodox and theologically homogeneous in the first centuries of the Christian Era than they are today) and the coexistence of and interaction between Judaism, Jewish Christianity , and Gentile Christianity over a period of centuries at the beginning of Early Christianity. Some scholars have found evidence of continuous interactions between Jewish-Christian and Rabbinic movements from the mid-to late second century CE to the fourth century CE. The first centuries of belief in Jesus have been described by historians as characterized by religious creativity and "chaos". The two religions eventually established and distinguished their respective norms and doctrines, notably by increasingly diverging on key issues such as the status of " purity laws " and the validity of Judeo-Christian messianic beliefs. How Christianity Parted from Judaism" . The Jews in the Time of Jesus: An Introduction . The Parting of the Ways , Durham-Tübingen Research Symposium on Earliest Christianity and Judaism 1992 (2nd: 1999: Wm. Eerdmans). p1 in the 1992 edition. From the Maccabees to the Mishnah (3rd ed.). The separation of Christianity from Judaism was a process, not an event. The essential part of the process was that the church was becoming more and more gentile and less and less Jewish, but the separation manifested itself in different ways in each community where Jews and Christians dwelled together. In some places, the Jews expelled the Christians; in other, the Christians left of their own accord. Gender and Purity in the Protevangelium of James . "The holders of the 'Word of Truth': The pharisees in Pseudo-Clementine Recognitions 1.27–71". Jewish-Christian Relations - The First Centuries (Mascarat, 2019) .