Srebrenica massacre

Burial of 610 identified Bosniaks in 2005. Burial of 465 identified Bosniaks in 2007. The Srebrenica Massacre , also known as the Srebrenica Genocide , refers to the July 1995 killing of more than 8,000 Muslim Bosniak men and boys, as well as the ethnic cleansing of 25,000–30,000 refugees in the area of Srebrenica in Bosnia and Herzegovina , by units of the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) under the command of General Ratko Mladić during the Bosnian War . A paramilitary unit from Serbia known as the Scorpions , officially part of the Serbian Interior Ministry until 1991 , also participated in the massacre. In 1993 the United Nations had declared Srebrenica a "safe area" under UN protection but its Protection Force ( UNPROFOR ), represented on the ground by a 400-strong contingent of armed Dutch peacekeepers , failed to prevent the massacre. The Srebrenica massacre is the largest mass murder in Europe since World War II . In 2004, in a unanimous ruling on the "Prosecutor v. Krstić" case, the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) , located in The Hague , ruled that the Srebrenica massacre was genocide . Theodor Meron , the presiding judge, stated: By seeking to eliminate a part of the Bosnian Muslims, the Bosnian Serb forces committed genocide. They targeted for extinction the 40,000 Bosnian Muslims living in Srebrenica, a group which was emblematic of the Bosnian Muslims in general. They stripped all the male Muslim prisoners, military and civilian, elderly and young, of their personal belongings and identification, and deliberately and methodically killed them solely on the basis of their identity. In February 2007 the International Court of Justice (ICJ) concurred with the ICTY judgement that the atrocities committed at Srebrenica constituted a genocide, stating: The Court concludes that the acts committed at Srebrenica falling within Article II (a) and (b) of the Convention were committed with the specific intent to destroy in part the group of the Muslims of Bosnia and Herzegovina as such; and accordingly that these were acts of genocide, committed by members of the VRS in and around Srebrenica from about 13 July 1995. The ICJ also ruled that Serbia "has violated the obligation to prevent genocide", and that Serbia was to cooperate fully with the ICTY including the transfer of individuals accused of genocide to the ICTY. Ratko Mladić accused by the ICTY still remains at large and is suspected of hiding in Serbia or in the entity within Bosnia and Herzegovina called Republic of Srpska . The majority of those killed were adult men and teenage boys but the victims included boys aged under 15, men over the age of 65 and even reportedly babies . The Preliminary List of People Missing or Killed in Srebrenica compiled by the Bosnian Federal Commission of Missing Persons contains 8,373 names , some 500 of them under 18 , and includes several dozen women and girls . As of March 2010, 6414 genocide victims have been identified through DNA analysis of body parts recovered from mass graves and 3,647 victims have been buried at the Memorial Centre of Potočari . "Office of the High Representative – "Decision Enacting the Law on the Center for the Srebrenica-Potocari Memorial and Cemetery for the Victims of the 1995 Genocide" " . Office of the High Reporesentative in Bosnia and Herzegovina . "Youth Initiative for Human Rights in Serbia letter to the Serbian President to commemorate the Srebrenica genocide" . Youth Initiative for Human Rights in Serbia . Institute for War & Peace Reporting . IT-98-33, United Nations, 2 August 2001 , "Findings of Fact", paragraphs 18 and 26 [3] "UN Srebrenica immunity questioned" . The Hague, 23 June 2004 [5] ICJ; The Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v.

Srebrenica Genocide Memorial Stone at Potočari Burial of 610 identified Bosniaks in 2005 Burial of 465 identified Bosniaks in 2007 Burial of 775 identified victims in 2010 The Srebrenica massacre , also known as the Srebrenica genocide ( ), was the genocidal killing, in July 1995, of more than 6,000 Bosniaks , mainly men and boys, in and around the town of Srebrenica during the Bosnian War . The killing was perpetrated by units of the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) under the command of General Ratko Mladić . The Secretary-General of the United Nations described the mass murder as the worst crime on European soil since the Second World War. A paramilitary unit from Serbia known as the Scorpions , officially part of the Serbian Interior Ministry until 1991, participated in the massacre, along with several hundred Greek volunteers. In April 1993, the United Nations declared the besieged enclave of Srebrenica in the Drina Valley of northeastern Bosnia a " safe area " under UN protection. However, in July 1995, the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), represented on the ground by a 400-strong contingent of Dutch peacekeepers , Dutchbat , could not prevent the town's capture by the VRS and the subsequent massacre. In 2004, in a unanimous ruling on the case of Prosecutor v. Krstić , the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), located in The Hague , ruled that the massacre of the enclave's male inhabitants constituted genocide , a crime under international law. The forcible transfer of between 25,000 and 30,000 Bosniak women, children and elderly which accompanied the massacre was found to be confirming evidence of the genocidal intent of members of the VRS Main Staff who orchestrated the massacre. In 2005, in a message to the tenth anniversary commemoration of the genocide, the Secretary-General of the United Nations noted that, while blame lay first and foremost with those who planned and carried out the massacre and those who assisted and harboured them, the powers with the ability to had failed to respond adequately, the UN itself had made serious errors of judgement and the tragedy of Srebrenica would haunt the UN's history forever. Serbia and Montenegro was cleared of direct responsibility for or complicity in the massacre, but was found responsible for not doing enough to prevent the massacre and not prosecuting those responsible, in breach of the Genocide Convention . The Preliminary List of People Missing or Killed in Srebrenica compiled by the Bosnian Federal Commission of Missing Persons contains 8,373 names. As of July 2012, 6,838 genocide victims have been identified through DNA analysis of body parts recovered from mass graves; as of July 2013, 6,066 victims have been buried at the Memorial Centre of Potočari . Serbian President Tomislav Nikolić officially apologized for the massacre, although he stopped short of calling it genocide. Potocari Memorial Center PRELIMINARY LIST of Missing Persons from Srebrenica '95 [1] UN Press Release SG/SM/9993UN, 11/07/2005 "Secretary-General Kofi Annan’s message to the ceremony marking the tenth anniversary of the Srebrenica massacre in Potocari-Srebrenica" . "Office of the High Representative – "Decision Enacting the Law on the Center for the Srebrenica-Potocari Memorial and Cemetery for the Victims of the 1995 Genocide" " . Office of the High Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina . "Youth Initiative for Human Rights in Serbia letter to the Serbian President to commemorate the Srebrenica genocide" . Youth Initiative for Human Rights in Serbia . Institute for War & Peace Reporting . The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia . The New York Times . IT-98-33, United Nations, 2 August 2001 , "Findings of Fact", paragraphs 18 and 26 [4] "UN Srebrenica immunity questioned" .

Massacre of over 8,000 Muslim Bosniaks in Srebrenica region during the Bosnian War Srebrenica Genocide Memorial Stone at Potočari Burial of 610 identified Bosniaks in 2005 Burial of 465 identified Bosniaks in 2007 Burial of 775 identified Bosniaks in 2010 The Srebrenica-Potočari memorial, and the cemetery for the victims of the genocide. The Srebrenica massacre , also known as the Srebrenica genocide ( ), was the July 1995 genocide of more than 8,000 Bosniaks , mainly men and boys, in and around the town of Srebrenica during the Bosnian War . The killings were perpetrated by units of the Bosnian Serb Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) under the command of Ratko Mladić . The Scorpions , a paramilitary unit from Serbia , who had been part of the Serbian Interior Ministry until 1991, also participated in the massacre. In April 1993 the United Nations (UN) had declared the besieged enclave of Srebrenica —in the Drina Valley of northeastern Bosnia —a " safe area " under UN protection. However, the UN failed to both demilitarize the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) within Srebrenica and force the withdrawal of the VRS surrounding Srebrenica. UNPROFOR 's 370 Dutchbat soldiers in Srebrenica did not prevent the town's capture by the VRS—nor the subsequent massacre. Throughout the first year of the war, Srebrenica saw heavy fighting and the town at the center of the municipality experienced Serb military and artillery assaults, accompanied by the ethnic cleansing of Bosniak civilians in towns and villages that were in the hands of Serb forces. From late 1992 to January 1993, Bosniak forces under the command of Naser Orić launched military incursions into Serb villages around Srebrenica that were held under Serb control. These operations resulted in the murders of Serb civilians as well as soldiers, though the number of casualties have been subjects of controversy. From the Serbian perspective, these casualties are sometimes presented as the motivation behind the 1995 massacre due to a desire for revenge. Attempts to justify the genocide on the basis of revenge for prior crimes committed against Serbs have been categorically rejected and condemned by the ICTY and UN. In 2004, in a unanimous ruling on the case of Prosecutor v. Krstić , the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), located in The Hague , ruled that the massacre of the enclave's male inhabitants constituted genocide , a crime under international law. The ruling was also upheld by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2007. The forcible transfer and abuse of between 25,000 and 30,000 Bosniak women, children and elderly which accompanied the massacre was found to constitute genocide, when accompanied with the killings and separation of the men. In 2005, Kofi Annan , then Secretary-General of the United Nations described the mass murder as the worst crime on European soil since the Second World War , and in a message to the tenth anniversary commemoration of the massacre, he wrote that, while blame lay "first and foremost with those who planned and carried out the massacre and those who assisted and harboured them", the UN had "made serious errors of judgement, rooted in a philosophy of impartiality", describing Srebrenica as a tragedy that would haunt the history of the UN forever. In 2006, in the Bosnian Genocide case held before the International Court of Justice, Serbia and Montenegro was cleared of direct responsibility for, or complicity in, the massacre, but was found responsible for not doing enough to prevent the genocide and not prosecuting those responsible, in breach of the Genocide Convention . The Preliminary List of People Missing or Killed in Srebrenica compiled by the Bosnian Federal Commission of Missing Persons contains 8,373 names. As of July 2012 , 6,838 genocide victims have been identified through DNA analysis of body parts recovered from mass graves; as of July 2013 , 6,066 victims have been buried at the Memorial Centre of Potočari . In April 2013, Serbian President Tomislav Nikolić officially apologised for the massacre, although he stopped short of calling it genocide. In 2013, 2014, and again in 2019, the Dutch state was found liable for only 10% in its own supreme court and in the Hague district court of failing to prevent more than 300 of the deaths. On 8 July 2015, Russia, at the request of the Republika Srpska and Serbia, vetoed a UN resolution condemning the Srebrenica massacre as genocide. Serbia called the resolution "anti-Serb", while European and U.S. governments affirmed that the crimes were genocide. On 9 July 2015, both the European Parliament (EP) and the U.S. Congress adopted resolutions reaffirming the description of the crime as genocide. On 22 November 2017, Ratko Mladić was convicted of various crimes at the United Nations tribunal, including genocide for his role at Srebrenica. He was sentenced to life imprisonment. As of May 2020 , the judgement is pending appeal. Potocari Memorial Center Preliminary List of Missing Persons from Srebrenica '95 [1] UN Press Release SG/SM/9993UN, 11/07/2005 "Secretary-General Kofi Annan’s message to the ceremony marking the tenth anniversary of the Srebrenica massacre in Potocari-Srebrenica" . Balkan Investigative Reporting Network . 19 June 2009 . Institute for War and Peace Reporting . "Office of the High Representative – "Decision Enacting the Law on the Center for the Srebrenica-Potocari Memorial and Cemetery for the Victims of the 1995 Genocide" " . "Youth Initiative for Human Rights in Serbia letter to the Serbian President to commemorate the Srebrenica genocide" . "The New York Times" . 3 August 2001 . The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia . The New York Times . The Definitive Resource and Document Collection [4 volumes]: The Definitive Resource and Document Collection . Srebrenica in the Aftermath of Genocide . The Court concludes that the acts committed at Srebrenica falling within Article II (a) and (b) of the Convention were committed with the specific intent to destroy in part the group of the Muslims of Bosnia and Herzegovina as such; and accordingly that these were acts of genocide, committed by members of the VRS in and around Srebrenica from about 13 July 1995. BBC news website, "Dutch state 'responsible for three Srebrenica deaths'", 5 July 2011. "Russia threatens veto on UN vote calling Srebrenica 'a crime of genocide' " . the Guardian . 8 July 2015. European Parliament Portal . 9 July 2015 . "Ratko Mladić convicted of war crimes and genocide at UN tribunal" . the Guardian .

Genocide of Bosniaks by Republika Srpska Srebrenica Genocide Memorial Stone at Potočari Burial of 610 identified Bosniaks in 2005 Burial of 465 identified Bosniaks in 2007 Burial of 775 identified Bosniaks in 2010 The Srebrenica-Potočari memorial, and the cemetery for the victims of the genocide. The Srebrenica massacre ( Serbo-Croatian : Masakr u Srebrenici / Масакр у Сребреници ), also known as the Srebrenica genocide ( Serbo-Croatian : Genocid u Srebrenici / Геноцид у Сребреници ), was the July 1995 genocidal killing of more than 8,000 Bosniak Muslim men and boys in and around the town of Srebrenica , during the Bosnian War . The killings were perpetrated by units of the Bosnian Serb Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) under the command of Ratko Mladić . The Scorpions , a paramilitary unit from Serbia , who had been part of the Serbian Interior Ministry until 1991, also participated in the massacre. Prior to the massacre, United Nations (UN) had declared the besieged enclave of Srebrenica , in eastern Bosnia , a " safe area " under UN protection. However, the UN failed both to demilitarize the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) within Srebrenica and to force withdrawal of the VRS surrounding Srebrenica. UNPROFOR 's 370 lightly armed Dutchbat soldiers were unable to prevent the town's capture and the subsequent massacre. A list of missing or killed people during the massacre compiled by the Bosnian Federal Commission of Missing Persons contains 8,372 names. As of July 2012 , 6,838 genocide victims have been identified through DNA analysis of body parts recovered from mass graves; as of July 2021 , 6,671 bodies have been buried at the Memorial Centre of Potočari , while another 236 have been buried elsewhere. Some Serbs have claimed that the massacre was retaliation for civilian casualties inflicted on Serbs by Bosniak soldiers from Srebrenica under command of Naser Orić . These 'revenge' claims have been rejected and condemned by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and UN as bad faith attempts to justify the genocide. In 2004, in a unanimous ruling on the case of Prosecutor v. Krstić , the Appeals Chamber of the ICTY, located in The Hague , ruled that the massacre of the enclave's male inhabitants constituted genocide , a crime under international law. The ruling was also upheld by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2007. The forcible transfer and abuse of between 25,000 and 30,000 Bosniak Muslim women, children and elderly which accompanied the massacre was found to constitute genocide, when accompanied with the killings and separation of the men. In 2013, 2014, and again in 2019, the Dutch state was found liable in the Dutch supreme court and in the Hague district court of failing to do enough to prevent more than 300 of the deaths. In April 2013, Serbian President Tomislav Nikolić apologised for "the crime" of Srebrenica, but refused to call it genocide. | At least 80 more graves of Srebrenica genocide victim Sarajevo Times, July 3, 2023. The Polynational War Memorial . UN Press Release SG/SM/9993UN, 11/07/2005 "Secretary-General Kofi Annan's message to the ceremony marking the tenth anniversary of the Srebrenica massacre in Potocari-Srebrenica" . Institute for War and Peace Reporting . "Office of the High Representative – "Decision Enacting the Law on the Center for the Srebrenica-Potocari Memorial and Cemetery for the Victims of the 1995 Genocide" " . "Youth Initiative for Human Rights in Serbia letter to the Serbian President to commemorate the Srebrenica genocide" . "The New York Times" . 3 August 2001 . The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia . The New York Times . Serbs continue to claim the 1995 Srebrenica slaughter was an act of revenge by uncontrolled troops because they say that soldiers under Oric's command killed thousands of Serbs in the villages surrounding the eastern town Nettelfield, Lara J.; Wagner, Sarah (2014). Srebrenica in the Aftermath of Genocide . The Court concludes that the acts committed at Srebrenica falling within Article II (a) and (b) of the Convention were committed with the specific intent to destroy in part the group of the Muslims of Bosnia and Herzegovina as such; and accordingly that these were acts of genocide, committed by members of the VRS in and around Srebrenica from about 13 July 1995.

1995 genocide of Bosniaks by the Bosnian Serb Army Srebrenica Genocide Memorial Stone at Potočari Burial of 610 identified Bosniaks in 2005 Burial of 465 identified Bosniaks in 2007 Burial of 775 identified Bosniaks in 2010 The Srebrenica-Potočari memorial, and the cemetery for the victims of the genocide. The Srebrenica massacre , also known as the Srebrenica genocide , was the July 1995 genocidal killing of more than 8,000 Bosniak Muslim men and boys in and around the town of Srebrenica during the Bosnian War . It was mainly perpetrated by units of the Bosnian Serb Army of Republika Srpska under Ratko Mladić , though the Serb paramilitary unit Scorpions also participated. The massacre was the first legally recognised genocide in Europe since the end of World War II . Before the massacre, the United Nations (UN) had declared the besieged enclave of Srebrenica a " safe area " under its protection. A UN Protection Force contingent of 370 lightly armed Dutch soldiers failed to deter the town's capture and subsequent massacre. A list of people missing or killed during the massacre contains 8,372 names. As of July 2012 , 6,838 genocide victims had been identified through DNA analysis of body parts recovered from mass graves; Some Serbs have claimed the massacre was retaliation for civilian casualties inflicted on Bosnian Serbs by Bosniak soldiers from Srebrenica under the command of Naser Orić . These 'revenge' claims have been rejected and condemned by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the UN. In 2004, the Appeals Chamber of the ICTY ruled the massacre of the enclave's male inhabitants constituted genocide. The ruling was also upheld by the International Court of Justice in 2007. The forcible transfer and abuse of between 25,000 and 30,000 Bosniak Muslim women, children and elderly, when accompanied by the massacre of the men, was found to constitute genocide. In 2002, the government of the Netherlands resigned, citing its inability to prevent the massacre. In 2013, 2014 and 2019, the Dutch state was found liable by its supreme court and the Hague district court, of failing to prevent more than 300 deaths. In 2013, Serbian president Tomislav Nikolić apologised for "the crime" of Srebrenica but refused to call it genocide. In 2005, then UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan described the massacre as "a terrible crime – the worst on European soil since the Second World War", and in May 2024, the UN designated July 11 as the annual International Day of Reflection and Commemoration of the 1995 Genocide in Srebrenica . The Polynational War Memorial . UN Press Release SG/SM/9993UN, 11/07/2005 "Secretary-General Kofi Annan's message to the ceremony marking the tenth anniversary of the Srebrenica massacre in Potocari-Srebrenica" . Institute for War and Peace Reporting . "UN approves resolution to commemorate the 1995 Srebrenica genocide annually over Serb opposition" . "Office of the High Representative – "Decision Enacting the Law on the Center for the Srebrenica-Potocari Memorial and Cemetery for the Victims of the 1995 Genocide" " . "Youth Initiative for Human Rights in Serbia letter to the Serbian President to commemorate the Srebrenica genocide" . "The New York Times" . 3 August 2001 . The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia . The New York Times . The July 1995 events have become the first legally established case of genocide in Europe since the Second World War. Serbs continue to claim the 1995 Srebrenica slaughter was an act of revenge by uncontrolled troops because they say that soldiers under Oric's command killed thousands of Serbs in the villages surrounding the eastern town Nettelfield, Lara J.; Wagner, Sarah (2014). Srebrenica in the Aftermath of Genocide . The Court concludes that the acts committed at Srebrenica falling within Article II (a) and (b) of the Convention were committed with the specific intent to destroy in part the group of the Muslims of Bosnia and Herzegovina as such; and accordingly that these were acts of genocide, committed by members of the VRS in and around Srebrenica from about 13 July 1995. There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).