Yazid I

Yazid bin Muawiyah (c. 645 - 683 ) was the second Umayyad caliph ; he briefly succeeded his father Muawiyah . He died suddenly in 683, after only three years of rule.

( Learn how and when to remove this message ) Yazīd ibn Mu‘āwiya ibn Abī Sufyān , ( 20 July 647 – 11 November 683), commonly known as Yazid I , was the second Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate (and the first one through inheritance). Yazid was the Caliph as appointed by his father Muawiyah I and ruled for three years from 680 CE until his death in 683 CE.

second caliph of the Umayyad caliphate (646-683) Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan ( ; 646 – 12 November 683), commonly known as Yazid I , was the second caliph of the Umayyad caliphate . He ruled for three years from 680 until his death in 683. His appointment was the first hereditary succession in Islamic history. His caliphate was marked by the death of Muhammad 's grandson Husayn ibn Ali as well as the start of the crisis known as the Second Fitna . His nomination in 676 (56 AH ) by Muawiya was opposed by several prominent Muslims from the Hejaz . Following his accession, after Muawiya's death in 680, Husayn and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr refused to recognize him and fled to sanctuary in Mecca. When Husayn was on his way to Kufa to lead a revolt against Yazid, he was killed with his small band of supporters by Yazid's forces in the Battle of Karbala . The killing of Husayn led to resentment in the Hejaz, where Ibn al-Zubayr centered his opposition to the rule of Yazid, and was supported by many people in Mecca and Medina. After failed attempts to regain the confidence of Ibn al-Zubayr and the people of the Hejaz through diplomacy, Yazid sent an army to end the rebellion. The army defeated the Medinese in the Battle of al-Harrah in August 683 and the city was given over to three days of pillage. Later, siege was laid to Mecca , which lasted for several weeks. The siege ended with the death of Yazid in November 683 and the empire fell into civil war. Yazid is considered an illegitimate ruler and a tyrant by many Muslims due to his hereditary succession, the death of Husayn and the attack on the city of Medina by his forces. Modern historians present a milder view of him, and consider him a capable ruler, albeit less successful than his father. There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).

Second Umayyad caliph (r. 680–683) Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan ( ; c. 646 – 11 November 683), commonly known as Yazid I , was the second caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate . He ruled from April 680 until his death in November 683. His appointment was the first hereditary succession to the caliphate in Islamic history. His caliphate was marked by the death of Muhammad 's grandson Husayn ibn Ali and the start of the crisis known as the Second Fitna . Yazid's nomination as heir apparent in 676 CE (56 AH ) by his father Mu'awiya I was opposed by several Muslim grandees from the Hejaz region, including Husayn and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr . The two men refused to recognize Yazid following his accession and took sanctuary in Mecca . When Husayn left for Kufa in Iraq to lead a revolt against Yazid, he was killed with his small band of supporters by Yazid's forces in the Battle of Karbala . Husayn's death caused resentment in the Hejaz, where Ibn al-Zubayr called for a consultative assembly to elect a new caliph. The people of Medina , who supported Ibn al-Zubayr, held other grievances toward the Umayyads. After failing to gain the allegiance of Ibn al-Zubayr and the people of the Hejaz through diplomacy, Yazid sent an army to suppress their rebellion. The army defeated the Medinese in the Battle of al-Harra in August 683 and the city was sacked. Afterward, Mecca was besieged for several weeks until the army withdrew as a result of Yazid's death in November 683. The Caliphate fell into a nearly decade-long civil war, ending with the establishment of the Marwanid dynasty (the Umayyad caliph Marwan I and his descendants). Yazid continued Mu'awiya's decentralized model of governance, relying on his provincial governors and the tribal nobility. He abandoned Mu'awiya's ambitious raids against the Byzantine Empire and strengthened Syria 's military defences. No new territories were conquered during his reign. Yazid is considered an illegitimate ruler and a tyrant by many Muslims due to his hereditary succession, the death of Husayn, and his attack on Medina. Modern historians take a milder view, and consider him a capable ruler, albeit less successful than his father. There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).

Umayyad caliph from 680 to 683 Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan ( Arabic : يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان , romanized : Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiya ibn ʾAbī Sufyān ; c. 646 – 11 November 683), commonly known as Yazid I , was the second caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate , ruling from April 680 until his death in November 683. His appointment by his father Mu'awiya I ( r. 661–680 ) was the first hereditary succession to the caliphate in Islamic history. His caliphate was marked by the death of Muhammad 's grandson Husayn ibn Ali and the start of the crisis known as the Second Fitna . During his father's caliphate, Yazid led several campaigns against the Byzantine Empire , including an attack on the Byzantine capital , Constantinople . Yazid's nomination as heir apparent in 676 CE (56 AH ) by Mu'awiya was opposed by several Muslim grandees from the Hejaz region, including Husayn and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr . The two men refused to recognize Yazid following his accession and took sanctuary in Mecca . When Husayn left for Kufa in Iraq to lead a revolt against Yazid, he was killed with his small band of supporters by Yazid's forces in the Battle of Karbala . Husayn's death caused resentment in the Hejaz, where Ibn al-Zubayr called for a consultative assembly to elect a new caliph. The people of Medina , who supported Ibn al-Zubayr, held other grievances toward the Umayyads. After failing to gain the allegiance of Ibn al-Zubayr and the people of the Hejaz through diplomacy, Yazid sent an army to suppress their rebellion. The army defeated the Medinese in the Battle of al-Harra in August 683 and the city was sacked. Afterward, Mecca was besieged for several weeks until the army withdrew as a result of Yazid's death in November 683. The Caliphate fell into a nearly decade-long civil war, ending with the establishment of the Marwanid dynasty (the Umayyad caliph Marwan I and his descendants). Yazid continued Mu'awiya's decentralized model of governance, relying on his provincial governors and the tribal nobility. He abandoned Mu'awiya's ambitious raids against the Byzantine Empire and strengthened Syria 's military defences. No new territories were conquered during his reign. Yazid is considered an illegitimate ruler and a tyrant by many Muslims due to his hereditary succession, the death of Husayn, and his attack on Medina. Modern historians take a milder view, and consider him a capable ruler, albeit less successful than his father. There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).