Yitzhak Zuckerman

Icchak Cukierman (also known by the internationalised spelling Yitzhak Zuckerman ; 1915 - 1981 ), who used the alias "Antek" , was one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and the commander of a small Jewish troop fighting in the Warsaw Uprising during World War II . Cukierman was born in Vilna to a Jewish family. As a young man he embraced the concepts of socialism and Zionism . After the German and Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939 he was overrun by the Red Army and initially stayed in the Soviet zone of occupation, where he took active part in creation of various Jewish underground socialist organisations. In the spring of 1940 he moved to Warsaw , where he became one of the leaders of the Dror Hechaluc youth movement and eventually the deputy commander of the ŻOB resistance organisation. Since then he served mainly as the envoy between the commander of ŻOB and the commanders of the Armia Krajowa and Armia Ludowa resistance organisations. On December 22 , 1942 , he and two accomplices attacked a café in Cracow that was being used by the SS and Gestapo . Cukierman was wounded and narrowly escaped, and his two friends were tracked down and killed. In 1943 he commanded one of the three sectors of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising , and led the survivors through the sewers to safety. During the later Warsaw Uprising of 1944 he led a small troop of 22 survivors of the Ghetto Uprising fighting in the ranks of the Armia Ludowa organisation. After the war he worked as part of a Berihah network that smuggled Jewish refugees out of occupied Europe to Palestine . In 1947 he made the same journey, settling in what would soon be Israel . There he founded the Ghetto Fighters' Museum in Tel Aviv , commemorating those who struggled against the Nazis. He also became the founder of a kibbutz of the same name. In 1961 he appeared as a witness at the trial of Adolf Eichmann in Israel. He died in 1981, in the kibbutz he had founded. A record of an lengthy interview he gave in 1976 was published in Israel in 1991 as a book A Surplus of Memory: Chronicle of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising .

Icchak Cukiermann testifies for the prosecution during the trial of Adolf Eichmann . Icchak Cukierman (1915–1981), also known by his nom de guerre " Antek ", or by the anglicised spelling Yitzhak Zuckerman , was one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising during World War II . Cukierman was born in Wilno , Poland to a Jewish family. As a young man he embraced the concepts of socialism and Zionism . After the German and Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939 he was in the area overrun by the Red Army and initially stayed in the Soviet zone of occupation, where he took active part in creation of various Jewish underground socialist organisations. In the spring of 1940 he moved to Warsaw , where he became a leader of the leaders of the Dror Hechaluc youth movement, along with his future wife Zivia Lubetkin . In 1941 he became the deputy commander of the ŻOB resistance organisation. In this capacity, he served mainly as the envoy between the commander of ŻOB and the commanders of the Polish resistance organizations of Armia Krajowa and Armia Ludowa . On December 22, 1942, he and two accomplices attacked a café in Kraków that was being used by the SS and Gestapo . Cukierman was wounded and narrowly escaped, and his two comrades were tracked down and killed. In 1943, he was working on the " Aryan " side of Warsaw to procure guns and ammunition when the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising erupted. Unable to enter the ghetto to join his comrades in battle, he nonetheless proved a crucial link between resistance forces within the ghetto and the Home Army on the " Aryan " side. Along with Simcha "Kazik" Rotem , he organized the escape of the surviving ZOB fighters through the sewers to safety. During the later Warsaw Uprising of 1944, he led a small troop of 322 survivors of the Ghetto Uprising as they fought the Germans in the ranks of the Armia Ludowa. After the war he worked as part of the Berihah network, whose operatives smuggled Jewish refugees out of Eastern and Central Europe to Mandate Palestine . In 1947 he himself made that journey, settling in what would soon be Israel . There he and his wife Zivia, along with other veterans of the ghetto undergrounds and former partisans , were among the founding members of Kibbutz Lohamey ha-Geta'ot and the Ghetto Fighters' House (GFH) museum located on its grounds, commemorating those who struggled against the Nazis. GFH has a study center named for Zivia and Yitzhak Zuckerman. In 1961 he appeared as a witness at the trial of Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann in Israel. He died in 1981, in the kibbutz he had founded. A record of a lengthy interview he gave in 1976 was expanded into the book Sheva ha-Shanim ha-Hen: 1939-1946 [Hebrew: Those Seven Years] published in Israel in 1991, later translated into English and published as A Surplus of Memory: Chronicle of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising . His granddaughter Roni Zuckerman became the Israeli Air Force 's first female fighter pilot. In 2001, the tale of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising was turned into a made-for-TV film entitled Uprising , with actor David Schwimmer portraying Zuckerman.

Yitzhak Zuckerman ( ; ; December 13, 1915 – June 17, 1981), also known by his nom de guerre " Antek ", was one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943 against Nazi Germany during World War II .

Yitzhak Zuckerman ( ; ; 13 December 1915 – 17 June 1981), also known by his nom de guerre " Antek ", was one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943 against Nazi Germany during World War II .

Polish Jewish resistance fighter (1915–1981) Yitzhak Zuckerman ( Polish : Icchak Cukierman ; Hebrew : יצחק צוקרמן ; 13 December 1915 – 17 June 1981), also known by his nom de guerre " Antek ", was one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943 against Nazi Germany during World War II .