Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi

Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi ( , ʾabū bakri l-baḡdādī ) or Abu Du'a , ( أبو دعاء , ʾabū duʿāʾ ) alternatively called Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi al-Husseini al-Qurashi ( أبو بكر البغدادي الحسيني الهاشمي القرشي , ʾabū bakri l-baḡdādī l-ḥusaynī l-hāšimī l-qurašī ) and known to his supporters as Amir al-Mu'minin or Caliph Ibrahim ( خَلِيفَةُ إِبْرَاهِيم ḵalīfatu ʾibrāhīm ; born as Ibrahim Awad Ibrahim al-Badri إبراهيم عواد ابراهيم البدري ), is the ringleader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), an Islamic extremist group in western Iraq , Libya , northeast Nigeria and Syria self-styled as the "Islamic State". It is believed that he has been proclaimed by his followers to be a Caliph . State Department listed al-Baghdadi as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist , and announced a reward of up to US$10 million for information leading to his capture or death. Only the leader of al-Qaeda , Ayman al-Zawahiri , has a larger reward offered for his capture or death (US$25 million). "Security Council Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee adds Ibrahim Awwad Ibrahim Ali al-Badri al-Samarrai to its Sanctions List" (Press release). Department of State's Bureau of Diplomatic Security . The New York Times . "Terrorist Designation of Ibrahim Awwad Ibrahim Ali al-Badri" (Press release). ( webcitation ) "IRAQ: U.S. offers $10-million reward for Al Qaeda in Iraq leader" .

Leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant from 2013 to 2019 Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi ( ), born Ibrahim Awad Ibrahim Ali al-Badri al-Samarrai ( ; 28 July 1971 – 27 October 2019), was the Iraqi -born leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). The group has been designated as a terrorist organisation by the United Nations , as well as by the European Union and many individual states, while Baghdadi was considered a Specially Designated Global Terrorist by the United States . In June 2014, he was chosen caliph of ISIL by the Shura Council , who represented those members of the Islamic State qualified to elect a caliph . Baghdadi was born in or near Samarra , Iraq and obtained graduate degrees in Islamic theology in the 2000s. He joined al-Qaeda in Iraq and rose to prominence in ISIL after his detainment with Al Qaeda commanders at the American Camp Bucca in Iraq . Baghdadi would become directly involved in ISIL's atrocities and human rights violations. These include the genocide of Yazidis in Iraq, extensive sexual slavery , organized rape, floggings, and systematic executions. He directed terrorist activities and massacres. He embraced brutality as part of the organization's propaganda efforts, producing videos displaying sexual slavery and executions via hacking, stoning, and burning. Baghdadi himself was a rapist who kept several personal sex slaves. On 27 October 2019, Baghdadi killed himself and two children by detonating a suicide vest during the Barisha raid , conducted by the U.S. 75th Ranger Regiment and the U.S. Delta Force , in Syria's northwestern Idlib Province . After being offered Islamic funeral rites , he was buried at sea. On 31 October 2019, ISIL confirmed that Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi was dead, and named Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi as his replacement. "Security Council Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee adds Ibrahim Awwad Ibrahim Ali al-Badri al-Samarrai to its Sanctions List" (Press release). "Wanted: Information that brings to justice… Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi" (Press release). Rewards for Justice – Information that brings to justice... "Terrorist Designations of Groups Operating in Syria" (Press release). The ahl al-hall wal-aqd are qualified individuals empowered to either elect or remove from position a caliph on behalf of an Islamic community – Definition of "ahl al-hall wal-aqd" Oxford Islamic Studies Online . The New York Times . "Statement from the President on the Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi" (Press release).

Leader of the Islamic State from 2013 to 2019 Ibrahim Awwad Ibrahim Ali al-Badri (28 July 1971 – 27 October 2019), commonly known by his nom de guerre Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi , was an Iraqi militant leader who was the founder and first leader of the Islamic State (IS), who proclaimed himself caliph in 2014 and stayed in power until his death in 2019. Baghdadi was born in Samarra and obtained graduate degrees in Islamic theology in the late 1990s and 2000s. According to supporters, he obtained a PhD at the Islamic University of Baghdad . Following the American invasion of Iraq in March 2003, Baghdadi led the " Jama'at Jaysh Ahl al-Sunna wal-Jama'ah " insurgent group in Iraq and was detained with al-Qaeda commanders at the American Camp Bucca in 2004. His group joined the Mujahideen Shura Council (MSC) coalition in 2006 and fought alongside Al-Qaeda in Iraq . Upon the dissolution of the MSC in October 2006, Baghdadi became a leading member of the newly established Islamic State of Iraq organization, and rose through the group's ranks until he was appointed its emir , the highest leader, in 2010. In March 2013, the group renamed itself as the "Islamic State of Iraq and Levant" (ISIL), announcing its intention to expand into Syria and forcibly assimilate the Al-Nusra Front , leading to a conflict with Al-Qaeda 's general command. In June 2014, the group once again re-designated itself as the "Islamic State", and declared itself to be a caliphate . Baghdadi was chosen caliph of the Islamic State by a " Shura Council ", which represented those members of the Islamic State allegedly qualified to elect a caliph . IS was designated as a terrorist organisation by the United Nations and almost all sovereign states, and Baghdadi was individually considered a terrorist by the United States and many other countries. As leader of IS, Baghdadi led the Islamic State's wars against Iraq and Syria . Baghdadi directed the use of tactics including the mass use of suicide bombings and the execution of prisoners of war. IS briefly captured substantial territory in Iraq and Syria, but lost all of that territory and almost all of its fighters during Baghdadi's tenure as caliph. Baghdadi would become directly involved in IS's atrocities and human rights violations . These include the genocide of Yazidis in Iraq, extensive sexual slavery , organized rape , floggings , and systematic executions. He directed terrorist activities and massacres. He embraced brutality as part of the organization's propaganda efforts , producing videos displaying sexual slavery and executions via hacking, stoning and burning. On 27 October 2019, Baghdadi killed himself and two children by detonating a suicide vest during the Barisha raid , conducted by the United States following approval from President Donald Trump , in Syria's northwestern Idlib Province . After being offered Islamic funeral rites , his body was buried at sea. IS confirmed his death and named Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi as his replacement. "Security Council Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee adds Ibrahim Awwad Ibrahim Ali al-Badri al-Samarrai to its Sanctions List" (Press release). Yusuf al-Qaradawi stated: "[The] declaration issued by the Islamic State is void under sharia and has dangerous consequences for the Sunnis in Iraq and for the revolt in Syria", adding that the title of caliph can "only be given by the entire Muslim nation", not by a single group./> Strange, Hannah (5 July 2014). " 'Stations' of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi's Life: Translation and Analysis" . 7 November 2019. Terrorism and Political Violence . 32 . Rewards for Justice – Information that brings to justice... The New York Times . There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).