Ali al-Hadi

Twelver ‘Alī al-Hādī ( ), also known as ‘Alī an-Naqī was the tenth of the Twelve Imams . He was born ‘Alī ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Alī. The exact date of his birth and death are unknown, but it is generally accepted that he was born between 827-830 C.E. and he died in 868 C.E. Quotations related to ‘Alī al-Hādī an-Naqī at Wikiquote

Alī ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Alī ( ‎; 828-868 C.E. ) commonly called Ali al-Hadi and Alī an-Naqī was known as al-Hadi . He was the tenth of the Twelve Imams after his father Muhammad al-Jawad and before his son Hasan al-Askari . He remained in Medina teaching until the age of 30 when he was summoned to Samarra by the Abbasid caliph Al-Mutawakkil . There he was treated roughly by the caliph and his successors until according to Shiite accounts was poisoned through intrigue of Al-Mu'tazz the Abbasid caliph, in 254/868, and was buried in Samarra. Story of the Holy Ka’aba . Muhammadi Trust of Great Britain . A Brief History of The Fourteen Infallibles . The Life of Imam al-Hasan al-Askari . Kitab al-Irshad, by Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid, pg.334, 506. Kashful Ghummah, by Ali Ibn Isa al-Irbili, Vol.2, pg.334. Imam Ali an-Naqi al-Hadi Tabatabai, Sayyid Muhammad Husayn (1997). Translated by Seyyed Hossein Nasr . Selected and with a Foreword by Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i ; Translated with Explanatory Notes by William Chittick ; Under the Direction of and with an Introduction by Hossein Nasr . An Introduction to Shi'i Islam .

Tenth of the Twelve Shia Imams Alī ibn Muḥammad al-Hādī ( ‎; 829 – 868 CE ) was the tenth of the Twelve Imams after his father Muhammad al-Jawad and before his son Hasan al-Askari . He remained in Medina teaching until the age of 30 when he was summoned to Samarra by the Abbasid caliph Al-Mutawakkil . There he was treated roughly by the caliph and his successors until, according to Shiite accounts, he was poisoned through intrigue of Al-Mu'tazz the Abbasid caliph, in 254/868, and was buried in Samarra. He is commonly referred to by the title al-Hadi (the one who shows right path) and Alī an-Naqī . Story of the Holy Ka’aba . The History of al-Tabari Vol. 34 . A Brief History of The Fourteen Infallibles . The Life of Imam al-Hasan al-Askari . Kitab al-Irshad, by Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid, pg.334, 506. Kashful Ghummah, by Ali Ibn Isa al-Irbili, Vol.2, pg.334. Translated by Seyyed Hossein Nasr . Selected and with a Foreword by Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i ; Translated with Explanatory Notes by William Chittick ; Under the Direction of and with an Introduction by Hossein Nasr . An Introduction to Shi'i Islam .

Born in Medina in 828, Ali is known with the titles al-Hādī ( ) and al-Naqī ( ). After the death of his father in 835, most followers of al-Jawad readily accepted the imamate of Ali, who was still a child at the time. Drawing parallels with the story of young Jesus in the Quran , Twelver sources attribute an exceptional innate knowledge to Ali which qualified him for the imamate despite his young age. As with most of his predecessors, Ali al-Hadi kept aloof from politics until he was summoned around 848 from Medina to the capital Samarra by the Abbasid caliph al-Mutawakkil ( r. 847–861 ), known for his hostility towards Shias . There al-Hadi was held under close surveillance until his death in 868 during the caliphate of the Abbasid al-Mu'tazz ( r. 866–869 ). Still, he managed to communicate with an underground network of representatives who organized the financial and religious affairs of the Shia community on his behalf. Most Shia sources hold the Abbasids responsible for his death at the age of about forty through poison, with the notable exception of al-Mufid ( d. 1022 ). His image in Twelver sources is that of a pacifist, persecuted Imam who endured numerous attempts by members of the Abbasid court to humiliate and dishonor him. These sources also allege more serious incidents of house search, temporary imprisonment, and even murder plots against al-Hadi. The restricted life of al-Hadi in Samarra marks the end of the direct leadership of the Shia community by the Imams. A theological treatise on free will and some other short texts are ascribed to al-Hadi. Some miracles are also attributed to al-Hadi in Twelver sources, which often emphasize his precognition about various incidents. After his death, the majority of his followers accepted the imamate of his son Hasan al-Askari , who was also detained in Samarra until his unexplained death a few years later. Some instead followed Ja'far , another son of al-Hadi, who became known as Ja'far al-Kadhab ( lit. ' Ja'far, the liar ' ) in the Twelver sources. After the death of Ja'far, however, this branch was eventually absorbed within the mainstream Twelver Shia. The tombs of al-Hadi and his successor al-Askari are located in the al-Askari shrine in Samarra, modern-day Iraq . A sacred site for Shia pilgrims, the shrine has been targeted by Sunni militants as recently as 2007.

Born in Medina in 828, Ali is known with the titles al-Hādī (Arabic: الهادي , lit. ' the guide ' ) and al-Naqī (Arabic: النقي , lit. ' the distinguished ' ). After the death of his father in 835, most followers of al-Jawad readily accepted the imamate of Ali, who was still a child at the time. Drawing parallels with the story of young Jesus in the Quran , Twelver sources attribute an exceptional innate knowledge to Ali which qualified him for the imamate despite his young age. As with most of his predecessors, Ali al-Hadi kept aloof from politics until he was summoned around 848 from Medina to the capital Samarra by the Abbasid caliph al-Mutawakkil ( r. 847–861 ), known for his hostility towards Shias . There al-Hadi was held under close surveillance until his death in 868 during the caliphate of the Abbasid al-Mu'tazz ( r. 866–869 ). Still, he managed to communicate with an underground network of representatives who organized the financial and religious affairs of the Shia community on his behalf. Most Shia sources hold the Abbasids responsible for his death at the age of about forty through poison, with the notable exception of al-Shaykh al-Mufid ( d. 1022 ). His image in Twelver sources is that of a pacifist, persecuted Imam who endured numerous attempts by members of the Abbasid court to humiliate and dishonor him. These sources also allege more serious incidents of house search, temporary imprisonment, and even murder plots against al-Hadi. The restricted life of al-Hadi in Samarra marks the end of the direct leadership of the Shia community by the Imams. A theological treatise on free will and some other short texts are ascribed to al-Hadi. Some miracles are also attributed to al-Hadi in Twelver sources, which often emphasize his precognition about various incidents. After his death, the majority of his followers accepted the imamate of his son Hasan al-Askari , who was also detained in Samarra until his unexplained death a few years later. Some instead followed Ja'far , another son of al-Hadi, who became known as Ja'far al-Kadhab ( lit. ' Ja'far, the liar ' ) in the Twelver sources. After the death of Ja'far, however, this branch was eventually absorbed within the mainstream Twelver Shia. The tombs of al-Hadi and his successor al-Askari are located in the Al-Askari Shrine in Samarra , modern-day Iraq. A sacred site for Shia pilgrims, the shrine has been targeted by ISIS (Daesh) extremist militants as recently as 2007.