Muhammad al-Baqir

Muḥammad ibn ‘Alī al-Baqir ( ) (676-743 AD or 1 Rajab 57 AH – 7 Dhu al-Hijjah 114 AH) was the Fifth Imām to the Twelver Shī‘ah and Fourth Imām to the Ismā‘īlī Shī‘ah. His father was the previous Imām, ‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn , and his mother was Fatimah bint al-Hasan . He is highly respected by Shia Muslims for his religious knowledge and Islamic scholarship. Quotations related to Muhammad al-Bāqir at Wikiquote al-Qarashi, Baqir Shareef. The life of Imam Mohammad al-Baqir .

Muḥammad al-Bāqir ( ) (676–733 AD), (also called abu Ja'far ) (known as al-Baqir (the one who splits open knowledge)) (full name Muhammad bin 'Ali bin al-Husayn bin Ali bin Abi Talib ) was the fifth Shiite imam succeeding his father Zayn al-Abidin and before succession of his son Ja'far al-Sadiq . He was the first imam at whom the lineages of the two grandsons of Muhammad , i.e. Imam Hasan ibn Ali and Imam Husayn ibn Ali , met. Many traditions and abundant wisdom were reported on his authority. He is revered by Shiite Muslims for his religious leadership and highly respected by Sunni Muslims for his knowledge and Islamic scholarship as a leading jurist of Medina . Story of the Holy Ka’aba . Muhammadi Trust of Great Britain . A Brief History of The Fourteen Infallibles . The life of Imam Mohammad al-Baqir . Translated by Jasim al-Rasheed.

Fifth of the Twelve Shia Imams Muhammad al-Baqir ( ) full name Muhammad bin 'Ali bin al-Husayn bin Ali bin Abi Talib , also known as Abu Ja'far or simply al-Baqir ("the one who opens knowledge") (677-733) was the fifth Shia Imam , succeeding his father Zayn al-Abidin and succeeded by his son Ja'far al-Sadiq . He was the first Imam descended from both grandsons of Muhammad : Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali . He is revered by Shiite Muslims for his religious leadership, and respected by Sunni Muslims for his knowledge and Islamic scholarship as a jurist in Medina . A Brief History of The Fourteen Infallibles . The life of Imam Mohammad al-Baqir . Translated by Jasim al-Rasheed.

Fifth of the Twelve Shia Imams Principles Monotheism Justice Prophethood Imamate Judgement Day Other beliefs Imamate of the Family Angels Mourning of Muharram Intercession Occultation Wilayat al-Faqih Usul al-fiqh Ijtihad Taqlid Irfan Practices Salat Sawm Hajj Zakat Khums Jihad Amr bi-l maʿrūf Nahy ani l-Munkar Tawalli Tabarri Other practices Mourning of Muharram Arba'een Pilgrimage Intercession Holy cities Mecca Medina Najaf Karbala Mashhad Jerusalem Samarra Kadhimiya Qom Groups Ja'fari Usuli Akhbari Shaykhi Other related sects and groups Alawites Sufi orders and Alevism Qizilbash Safaviyya Bektashism and folk religion Malamatiyya Qalandariyya Hurufism Bektashism Galibi Ni'matullāhī Scholarship Law Marja' ( list ) Hawza Ayatollah ( list ) Allamah Seghatoleslam Mohyeddin Hojatoleslam Ijtihad Hadith collections The Four Books Kitab al-Kafi Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih Tahdhib al-Ahkam Al-Istibsar Other hadith collections Book of Sulaym ibn Qays Bihar al-Anwar Wasā'il al-Shīʿa Reality of Certainty Nahj al-Balagha Mafatih al-Jinan Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya Al-Amali Sources of ijtihad and jurisprudence Qur'an Hadiths of The Infallibles Consensus Reason Related topics List of Twelver Shia books Criticism of Twelver Shi'ism Shia Islam portal v t e Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib , commonly known as Muḥammad al-Baqir ( ), Abū Jaʿfar , or simply al-Bāqir ( lit. ' the one who opens knowledge ' ) (c. 676 – c. 732) was the fifth Imam in Shia Islam , succeeding his father, Zayn al-Abidin , and succeeded by his son, Ja'far al-Sadiq . His mother, Fatima Umm Abd Allah , was the daughter of Hasan , making al-Baqir the first Imam who descended from both grandsons of Muhammad , namely, Hasan and Husayn . Al-Baqir was born in Medina , about the time when Mu'awiya I ( r. 661–680 ) was working to secure the succession of his son, Yazid . As a child, al-Baqir witnessed the tragedy of Karbala , in which all of his male relatives were massacred, except his father who was too ill to participate in the fighting. As a young man, al-Baqir witnessed the power struggles between the Umayyads , Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr , and various Shia groups, while his father resigned from political activities. Al-Baqir is revered by both Shia and Sunni Muslims as an eminent expert in jurisprudence, the exegesis of the Quran, the science of hadith, and theology. Though he was a resident of Medina, his main following was in Kufa , Iraq, where he attracted a number of distinguished theologians. Al-Baqir is credited with laying the foundations of Twelver Shia, including a coherent theory of imamate , which was further developed by his son and successor, Jafar al-Sadiq . Like his father, al-Baqir adopted a policy of quiescence, and reportedly attempted to dissuade his half-brother, Zayd , from prematurely revolting against the Umayyads. According to Tabatabai , al-Baqir was poisoned by Ibrahim ibn al-Walld , during his brief reign. Though 114 AH (732) and 117 (735) are commonly reported, there are different views about the date and cause of al-Baqir's death. There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ). al-Qarashi, Baqir Shareef. The life of Imam Mohammad al-Baqir .

Muhammad's honorific title al-Baqir is short for baqir al-ilm , which means 'the one who splits knowledge open', a reference to his fame as a religious scholar. Muhammad was born in Medina around 676 CE . In 680, when he was a small child, he witnessed the Battle of Karbala , where his grandfather Husayn ibn Ali and most of his relatives were massacred by the forces of the Umayyad caliph Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ( r. 680–683 ). Upon his father's death around 712, Muhammad was recognized as the next imam by most followers of his father. These were the Imamites, the forerunners of Twelvers and Isma'ilis , which now constitute the majority of Shia Muslims. At the time, however, this quiescent group was a minority compared to other rival Shia groups, who actively worked against the Umayyads. One such rival group were Zaydis . These followed Zayd ibn Ali , a much younger half-brother of al-Baqir, who staged an unsuccessful revolt shortly after al-Baqir's death. In contrast, like his father, al-Baqir was politically quiescent but was nevertheless harassed by the Umayyads, especially by Caliph Hisham ( r. 724–743 ). Muhammad al-Baqir led a pious and scholarly life in Medina, attracting a growing number of followers, students, and visitors. He is credited with laying the doctrinal and legal foundations of Twelver Shi'ism during some twenty years of his imamate. He may also be regarded as the father of Isma'ili and Zaydi jurisprudence. Finally, he significantly contributed to Twelver exegesis of the Quran. Most of al-Baqir's disciples were based in Kufa , in present-day Iraq , many of whom later became outstanding Shia jurists and traditionists. Some of these, such as Zurara ibn A'yan , may have occasionally disagreed with al-Baqir, who disapproved of such independent views if they went beyond the general theological and legal framework provided by (Shia) imams. In Sunni Islam , al-Baqir is regarded as an authority in law and prophetic tradition, but portrayed as anti-Shia and proto-Sunni. Muhammad al-Baqir died around 732, poisoned by the Umayyads, according to most Shia reports. He is buried in the Baqi Cemetery in Medina, but the shrine that stood over his grave has been demolished twice by Wahhabis . Al-Baqir was succeeded by his eldest son, Ja'far al-Sadiq, who further developed Shia theology and law. There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ). al-Qarashi, Baqir Shareef. The life of Imam Mohammad al-Baqir .