Wikipedia's first sentence called it “professor of medieval and renaissance history at bar ilan university”. Today it says “italian historian of jewry”.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-03.
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The opening as it read in 2025
Ariel Toaff ( Hebrew : אריאל טואף ; born 17 July 1942 in Ancona ) is an Italian historian of Jewry . He is a professor of Medieval and Renaissance History at Bar-Ilan University in Israel, whose work has focused on Jews and their history in Italy . He came to international prominence with the 2007 publication of the first edition of his controversial book Pasque Di Sangue ( Passovers of Blood ), in which he claimed historical basis for ritual use of human blood, obtained by murder. The claim was criticized as lending support to blood libel , an allegation that modern historians have described as unsupported by facts and which the Catholic Church has similarly repudiated since the 13th century. Toaff wrote that these critics had misunderstood his book, which argued that the ritual use of small quantities of dried blood in magical curses had been a real practice among medieval "Ashkenazi extremists", but that this was unrelated to the accusation of ritual murder which was the central claim of blood libel.
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 1283487555.
The opening as it stood in 2010
Ariel Toaff is a professor of Medieval and Renaissance History at Bar Ilan University . He is the son of Elio Toaff , a former Chief Rabbi of Rome . Among his works are The Jews in Medieval Assisi 1305-1487: A social and economic history of a small Jewish community (1979), Il vino e la carne. Una comunità ebraica nel Medioevo ('Wine and Meat. L'immaginario ebraico dal Medioevo alla prima età moderna ("Jewish Monsters. The Jewish Imaginary from the Middle Ages to the Early Modern Era", 1996) and Mangiare alla giudia. La cucina ebraica in Italia dal Rinascimento all'età moderna ('Eating Jewish style.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 369858844.
The opening as it stood in 2015 6 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Ariel Toaff (born 1942) is a professor of Medieval and Renaissance History at Bar Ilan University in Israel, whose work has focused on Jews and their history in Italy.He came to international prominence with the 2007 publication of his controversial book Pasque Di Sangue ( Passovers of Blood ), which argued that there was some truth to the so-called blood libel , an allegation that modern historians have described as unsupported by facts and which the Catholic Church has similarly repudiated since the 13th century.Toaff later wrote that critics had misunderstood his book, which was arguing that the ritual use of small quantities of dried blood in magical curses had been a real practice among medieval "Ashkenazi extremists", but that this was unrelated to the accusation of ritual murder which was the central claim of the "blood libel".
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 666529379.
The opening as it stood in 2020
Ariel Toaff (born 1942) is a professor of Medieval and Renaissance History at Bar Ilan University in Israel, whose work has focused on Jews and their history in Italy. He came to international prominence with the 2007 publication of the first edition of his controversial book Pasque Di Sangue ( Passovers of Blood ), in which he claimed historical basis for ritual use of human blood, obtained by murder.The claim was criticized as lending support to blood libel , an allegation that modern historians have described as unsupported by facts and which the Catholic Church has similarly repudiated since the 13th century. Toaff wrote that these critics had misunderstood his book, which argued that the ritual use of small quantities of dried blood in magical curses had been a real practice among medieval "Ashkenazi extremists", but that this was unrelated to the accusation of ritual murder which was the central claim of blood libel.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 957543943.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023
Ariel Toaff (born 1942) is a professor of Medieval and Renaissance History at Bar-Ilan University in Israel, whose work has focused on Jews and their history in Italy . He came to international prominence with the 2007 publication of the first edition of his controversial book Pasque Di Sangue ( Passovers of Blood ), in which he claimed historical basis for ritual use of human blood, obtained by murder. The claim was criticized as lending support to blood libel , an allegation that modern historians have described as unsupported by facts and which the Catholic Church has similarly repudiated since the 13th century. Toaff wrote that these critics had misunderstood his book, which argued that the ritual use of small quantities of dried blood in magical curses had been a real practice among medieval "Ashkenazi extremists", but that this was unrelated to the accusation of ritual murder which was the central claim of blood libel.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1171249969.
Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “professor of medieval and renaissance history at bar ilan university”. Today it says “italian historian of jewry”. Read the current article and compare.
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2010, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
professor of medieval and renaissance history at bar ilan university
Now
italian historian of jewry
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.