When did the Daniel Kahneman article stop using the word ""?

The word appeared 0 times in the opening at its peak in 2005. It is absent from today's opening, the part search engines quote and AI systems train on, checked against the live article on 2026-08-02.

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What did Wikipedia remove from the Daniel Kahneman article?

Q: Did Wikipedia remove the word "" from the Daniel Kahneman article?

Yes. In 2005 Wikipedia's first sentence called it "key pioneer and theorist of behavioral finance". Today it says "israeli-american psychologist best known for his work on the psychology of judgment and decision-making as well". We saved the article's opening paragraph at 6 moments between 2005 and 2025, and the counts come from those saved copies.

The opening as it read in 2005

He is famous for collaboration with Amos Tversky and others in establishing a cognitive basis for common human errors using heuristics and in developing prospect theory . Kahneman spent his childhood years in Paris, France and moved to Palestine in 1946. He received his B.Sc. in mathematics and psychology from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1954 , after which he served in the Israeli Defense Forces , principally in its psychology department. In 1958 he came to the United States and earned his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of California, Berkeley in 1961 . Currently a faculty member at Princeton University and a fellow at Hebrew University, he is the winner of the 2002 Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (colloquially known as the Nobel Prize in Economics) for his work in prospect theory , despite being a research psychologist and not an economist . In fact, Kahneman claims to have never taken a single economics course [1] — he claims that what he knows of the subject he and Tversky learned from collaborators Richard Thaler and Jack Knetsch . In expaining why he entered the field of psychology, Kahneman once wrote: It must have been late 1941 or early 1942. Jews were required to wear the Star of David and to obey a 6 p.m. curfew. I had gone to play with a Christian friend and had stayed too late. I turned my brown sweater inside out to walk the few blocks home. As I was walking down an empty street, I saw a German soldier approaching. He was wearing the black uniform that I had been told to fear more than others - the one worn by specially recruited SS soldiers. As I came closer to him, trying to walk fast, I noticed that he was looking at me intently. Then he beckoned me over, picked me up, and hugged me. I was terrified that he would notice the star inside my sweater. He was speaking to me with great emotion, in German. When he put me down, he opened his wallet, showed me a picture of a boy, and gave me some money. I went home more certain than ever that my mother was right: people were endlessly complicated and interesting.¹

This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 16052331.

The opening as it stood in 2010 17 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear

Daniel Kahneman ( ) (born 5 March 1934) is an Israeli - American psychologist and Nobel laureate , notable for his work on the psychology of judgment and decision-making , behavioral economics and hedonic psychology . With Amos Tversky and others, Kahneman established a cognitive basis for common human errors using heuristics and biases (Kahneman & Tversky, 1973; Kahneman, Slovic & Tversky, 1982; Tversky & Kahneman, 1974), and developed Prospect theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979). He was awarded the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for his work in Prospect theory . Currently, he is professor emeritus of psychology and public affairs at Princeton University 's Woodrow Wilson School.

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The opening as it stood in 2015

Daniel Kahneman ( , born March 5, 1934) is an Israeli-American psychologist notable for his work on the psychology of judgment and decision-making , as well as behavioral economics , for which he was awarded the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared with Vernon L. His empirical findings challenge the assumption of human rationality prevailing in modern economic theory. With Amos Tversky and others, Kahneman established a cognitive basis for common human errors that arise from heuristics and biases (Kahneman & Tversky, 1973; Kahneman, Slovic & Tversky, 1982; Tversky & Kahneman, 1974), and developed prospect theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979). He was awarded the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for his work in prospect theory. In 2011, he was named by Foreign Policy magazine to its list of top global thinkers. In the same year, his book Thinking, Fast and Slow , which summarizes much of his research, was published and became a best seller. He is professor emeritus of psychology and public affairs at Princeton University 's Woodrow Wilson School . Kahneman is a founding partner of TGG Group, a business and philanthropy consulting company. He is married to Royal Society Fellow Anne Treisman . In 2015 The Economist listed him as the seventh most influential economist in the world.

Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 668706838.

The opening as it stood in 2020 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear

Israeli-American psychologist Daniel Kahneman ( / ˈ k ɑː n ə m ə n / ; ; born March 5, 1934) is an Israeli psychologist and economist notable for his work on the psychology of judgment and decision-making , as well as behavioral economics , for which he was awarded the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared with Vernon L. His empirical findings challenge the assumption of human rationality prevailing in modern economic theory. With Amos Tversky and others, Kahneman established a cognitive basis for common human errors that arise from heuristics and biases (Kahneman & Tversky, 1973; Kahneman, Slovic & Tversky, 1982; Tversky & Kahneman, 1974), and developed prospect theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979). In 2011, he was named by Foreign Policy magazine in its list of top global thinkers. In the same year, his book Thinking, Fast and Slow , which summarizes much of his research, was published and became a best seller. He is professor emeritus of psychology and public affairs at Princeton University 's Woodrow Wilson School . Kahneman is a founding partner of TGG Group , a business and philanthropy consulting company. He was married to cognitive psychologist and Royal Society Fellow Anne Treisman , who died in 2018. In 2015, The Economist listed him as the seventh most influential economist in the world.

Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 964060915.

The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023

Israeli-American psychologist Daniel Kahneman ( / ˈ k ɑː n ə m ə n / ; ; born March 5, 1934) is an Israeli-American author, psychologist and economist notable for his work on hedonic psychology, psychology of judgment and decision-making, as well as behavioral economics , for which he was awarded the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared with Vernon L. His empirical findings challenge the assumption of human rationality prevailing in modern economic theory. With Amos Tversky and others, Kahneman established a cognitive basis for common human errors that arise from heuristics and biases , and developed prospect theory . In 2011, he was named by Foreign Policy magazine in its list of top global thinkers. In the same year his book Thinking, Fast and Slow , which summarizes much of his research, was published and became a best seller. In 2015, The Economist listed him as the seventh most influential economist in the world. He is professor emeritus of psychology and public affairs at Princeton University 's Princeton School of Public and International Affairs . Kahneman is a founding partner of TGG Group , a business and philanthropy consulting company. He was married to cognitive psychologist and Royal Society Fellow Anne Treisman , who died in 2018.

Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1178522468.

The opening as it stood in 2025

Israeli-American psychologist and economist (1934–2024) Daniel Kahneman ( / ˈ k ɑː n ə m ə n / ; Hebrew : דניאל כהנמן ; March 5, 1934 – March 27, 2024) was an Israeli-American psychologist best known for his work on the psychology of judgment and decision-making as well as behavioral economics , for which he was awarded the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences together with Vernon L. Kahneman's published empirical findings challenge the assumption of human rationality prevailing in modern economic theory. Kahneman became known as the "grandfather of behavioral economics." With Amos Tversky and others, Kahneman established a cognitive basis for common human errors that arise from heuristics and biases , and developed prospect theory . In 2011, Kahneman was named by Foreign Policy magazine in its list of top global thinkers. In the same year, his book Thinking, Fast and Slow , which summarizes much of his research, was published and became a best seller. In 2015, The Economist listed him as the seventh most influential economist in the world. Kahneman was professor emeritus of psychology and public affairs at Princeton University 's Princeton School of Public and International Affairs . Kahneman was a founding partner of TGG Group, a business and philanthropy consulting company. He was married to cognitive psychologist and Royal Society Fellow Anne Treisman , who died in 2018. The New York Times . A Pioneer of Behavioral Economics | COSSA" . Consortium of Social Science Associations .

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