Wikipedia's first sentence called it “attempt to fuse the fields of philosophy with the religious teachings of islam”. Today it says “philosophy that emerges from the islamic tradition”.
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The opening as it read in 2005
Islamic philosophy is the attempt to fuse the fields of philosophy with the religious teachings of Islam . As with any fusion of religion and philosophy, the attempt is difficult because classical philosophers start with no preconditions for which conclusions they must reach in their investigation, while classical religious believers have a set of religious principles of faith that they hold one must believe. Indeed, due to these divergent goals and views, some hold that one cannot simultaneously be a philosopher and a true adherent of Islam , which is believed to be a revealed religion by its adherents. In this view, all attempts at synthesis ultimately must fail. Others, however, hold that a synthesis between Islam and philosophy is possible. One way to find a synthesis is to use philosophical arguments to prove that one's preset religious principles are true. This is a common technique found in the writings of many religious traditions, including Judaism, Christianity and Islam, but this is not generally accepted as true philosophy by philosophers. Another way to find a synthesis is to abstain from holding as true any religious principles of one's faith at all, unless one independently comes to those conclusions from a philosophical analysis. However, this is not generally accepted as being faithful to one's religion by adherents of that religion. A third, rarer and more difficult path is to apply analytical philosophy to one's own religion. In this case a religious person would also be a philosopher, by asking questions such as: What is the nature of God ? How do we know that God exists? What is the nature of revelation ? How do we know that God reveals his will to mankind? Which of our religious traditions must be interpreted literally? Which of our religious traditions must be interpreted allegorically? What must one actually believe to be considered a true adherent of our religion? How can one reconcile the findings of philosophy with religion? How can one reconcile the findings of science with religion? This is the task of Islamic philosophy.1
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Islamic philosophy is a branch of Islamic studies , and is a longstanding attempt to create harmony between philosophy ( reason ) and the religious teachings of Islam ( faith ).
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Further information: Early Islamic philosophy Islamic philosophy is the systematic investigation of problems connected with life , the universe , ethics , society , and so on as conducted in the Muslim world .Early Islamic philosophy began in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar (early 9th century CE ) and lasted until the 6th century AH (late 12th century CE).The period is known as the Islamic Golden Age , and the achievements of this period had a crucial influence on the development of modern philosophy and science ; for Renaissance Europe , the influence represented “one of the largest technology transfers in world history.”.This period began with al-Kindi in the 9th century and ended with Averroes (Ibn Rushd) at the end of 12th century.The death of Averroes effectively marked the end of a particular discipline of Islamic philosophy usually called the Peripatetic Arabic School , and philosophical activity declined significantly in Western Islamic countries such as Islamic Spain and North Africa.Philosophy persisted for much longer in the Eastern countries, in particular Persia and India where several schools of philosophy continued to flourish: Avicennism , Illuminationist philosophy , Mystical philosophy , and Transcendent theosophy .Ibn Khaldun , in his Muqaddimah , made important contributions to the philosophy of history .Interest in Islamic philosophy revived during the Nahda (awakening) movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and continues to the present day .History of Europe - Middle Ages - Reform and renewal - Christianity, Judaism, and Islam , use TOC
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Philosophy that is characterised by coming from an Islamic tradition A medieval Arabic representation of Aristotle teaching a student.Branches Epistemology Ethics Logic Metaphysics Aesthetics Education History Language Law Metaphilosophy Mind Ontology Phenomenology Political Religion Science Philosophers Aesthetic philosophers Epistemologists Ethicists Logicians Metaphysicians Philosophers of mind Social and political philosophers Women in philosophy v t e Islamic philosophy is a development in philosophy that is characterised by coming from an Islamic tradition.Two terms traditionally used in the Islamic world are sometimes translated as philosophy — falsafa (literally: "philosophy"), which refers to philosophy as well as logic , mathematics , and physics ; and Kalam (literally "speech"), which refers to a rationalist form of Islamic theology .Early Islamic philosophy began with al-Kindi in the 2nd century of the Islamic calendar (early 9th century CE ) and ended with Averroes (Ibn Rushd) in the 6th century AH (late 12th century CE), broadly coinciding with the period known as the Golden Age of Islam . The death of Averroes effectively marked the end of a particular discipline of Islamic philosophy usually called the Peripatetic Islamic school , and philosophical activity declined significantly in Western Islamic countries such as Islamic Iberia and North Africa . Islamic philosophy persisted for much longer in Muslim Eastern countries, in particular Safavid Persia , Ottoman and Mughal Empires , where several schools of philosophy continued to flourish: Avicennism , Averroism , Illuminationist philosophy , Mystical philosophy , Transcendent theosophy , and Isfahan philosophy . Ibn Khaldun , in his Muqaddimah , made important contributions to the philosophy of history . Interest in Islamic philosophy revived during the Nahda ("Awakening") movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and continues to the present day . Islamic philosophy had a major impact in Christian Europe, where translation of Arabic philosophical texts into Latin "led to the transformation of almost all philosophical disciplines in the medieval Latin world", with a particularly strong influence of Muslim philosophers being felt in natural philosophy, psychology and metaphysics."Don't Blame It on al-Ghazali" . qantara.de .Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy .
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Philosophical tradition in Muslim culture A medieval Arabic representation of Aristotle teaching a student.Islamic philosophy is philosophy that emerges from the Islamic tradition.Two terms traditionally used in the Islamic world are sometimes translated as philosophy—falsafa ( lit. ' philosophy ' ), which refers to philosophy as well as logic , mathematics , and physics ; and Kalam ( lit. ' speech ' ), which refers to a rationalist form of Scholastic Islamic theology which includes the schools of Maturidiyah , Ashaira and Mu'tazila . Early Islamic philosophy began with Al-Kindi in the 2nd century of the Islamic calendar (early 9th century CE) and ended with Ibn-Rushd (Averroes) in the 6th century AH (late 12th century CE), broadly coinciding with the period known as the Golden Age of Islam . The death of Averroes effectively marked the end of a particular discipline of Islamic philosophy usually called the Peripatetic Islamic school, and philosophical activity declined significantly in Western Islamic countries such as Islamic Iberia and North Africa . Islamic philosophy persisted for much longer in Muslim Eastern countries, in particular Safavid Persia, Ottoman , and Mughal Empires, where several schools of philosophy continued to flourish: Avicennism , Averroism , Illuminationist philosophy, Mystical philosophy, Transcendent theosophy , and Isfahan philosophy. Ibn Khaldun , in his Muqaddimah , made important contributions to the philosophy of history. Interest in Islamic philosophy revived during the Nahda ("Awakening") movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and continues to the present day. Islamic philosophy had a major impact in Christian Europe , where translation of Arabic philosophical texts into Latin "led to the transformation of almost all philosophical disciplines in the medieval Latin world", with a particularly strong influence of Muslim philosophers being felt in natural philosophy , psychology and metaphysics . "Don't Blame It on al-Ghazali" . qantara.de . Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy .
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Philosophical tradition in Muslim culture "Arabic philosophy" redirects here.The Brethren of Purity were a medieval secret society , consisting of Islamic philosophers, here seen in an illustration from the Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity , c. 1287 .Branches Epistemology Ethics Logic Metaphysics Aesthetics Education History Language Law Metaphilosophy Mind Ontology Phenomenology Political Religion Science Philosophers Aesthetic philosophers Epistemologists Ethicists Logicians Metaphysicians Philosophers of mind Social and political philosophers Women in philosophy v t e Islamic philosophy is philosophy that emerges from the Islamic tradition. Two terms traditionally used in the Islamic world are sometimes translated as philosophy— falsafa ( lit. ' philosophy ' ), which refers to philosophy as well as logic , mathematics , and physics ; and kalam ( lit. ' speech ' ), which refers to a rationalist form of Scholastic Islamic theology which includes the schools of Maturidiyah , Ashaira and Mu'tazila . Early Islamic philosophy began with al-Kindi in the 2nd century of the Islamic calendar (early 9th century CE) and ended with Ibn Rushd (Averroes) in the 6th century AH (late 12th century CE), broadly coinciding with the period known as the Golden Age of Islam . The death of Averroes effectively marked the end of a specific discipline of Islamic philosophy usually called the Islamic peripatetic school, and philosophical activity declined significantly in the west of the Islamic world, including al-Andalus and the Maghreb .Islamic philosophy persisted for much longer in the east of the Islamic world, particularly in Safavid Iran , the Ottoman Empire , and the Mughal Empire , where several schools of philosophy continued to flourish: Avicennism , Averroism , Illuminationism , mystical philosophy , transcendent theosophy , and the school of Isfahan . Ibn Khaldun , in his Muqaddimah , made important contributions to the philosophy of history. Interest in Islamic philosophy revived during the Nahda ("Awakening") movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and continues to the present day. Islamic philosophy had a major impact in Christian Europe , where translation of Arabic philosophical texts into Latin "led to the transformation of almost all philosophical disciplines in the medieval Latin world", with a particularly strong influence of Muslim philosophers being felt in natural philosophy , psychology and metaphysics . "Don't Blame It on al-Ghazali" . qantara.de . Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy .
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Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “attempt to fuse the fields of philosophy with the religious teachings of islam”. Today it says “philosophy that emerges from the islamic tradition”. Read the current article and compare.
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What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2005, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
attempt to fuse the fields of philosophy with the religious teachings of islam
Now
philosophy that emerges from the islamic tradition
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.
