The word “militant” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak in 2020. Today the opening carries none. 1 remains further down the article, where a reader arriving from a search result does not go.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-02. “militant” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak. Today the opening has none; the body has 1.
We saved snapshots of this article over twenty years; you are reading the 2020 one. Red dashes: removed from Wikipedia since.Pale dots: rewritten; the numbered note shows what it says now.Red text: written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot.1 tap a number or a side note to jump between them
The opening as it read in 2020
Gilles Kepel , (born June 30, 1955) is a French political scientist and Arabist , specialized in the contemporary Middle East and Muslims in the West. He is Professor at the Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) and director of the Middle East and Mediterranean Chair at PSL, based at Ecole Normale Supérieure.1He has been described by Alain Elkann as “the best possible guide through the frightening labyrinth of militant Islam.” Tresilian, David (7–13 June 2012).2 London School of Economics "La Chaire d'Excellence " Moyen Orient Méditerranée ", dirigée par Gilles Kepel" . psl.eu .
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 960713515.
The opening as it stood in 2005
Gilles Kepel is a prominent Arabic professor who holds degrees in Arabic , English and philosophy . A graduate of the Institut d'études politiques in Paris ("Institute of Political Studies", better known as Sciences Po ), Kepel has received doctorates in political science and in sociology .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 16880407.
The opening as it stood in 2010 2 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Gilles Kepel (born 30 June 1955) is a French scholar and analyst of the Islamic and the Arab world.He has written works on Radical Islam including Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam .He is currently the Philippe Roman Chair in History and International Affairs for 2009-10 at LSE IDEAS (Centre for Diplomacy & Strategy) [1] , at the London School of Economics and Political Science.In his 2004 book 'The War for Muslim Minds: Islam and the West' he suggests, according to Atlantic Monthly, that 'the war for Muslim minds will be won in Riyadh, Cairo, and the suburbs of Paris.In Washington it can't be won--only lost.'
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 359629067.
The opening as it stood in 2015 4 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Gilles Kepel (born 30 June 1955) is a French political scientist and specialist of the Islam and contemporary Arab world.He is Professor at Sciences Po Paris and member of the Institut Universitaire de France .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 669284931.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
French political scientist and Arabist (born 1955) Gilles Kepel , (born June 30, 1955) is a French political scientist and Arabist , specialized in the contemporary Middle East and Muslims in the West. Considered as one of the world’s leading authorities on Political Islam and the Middle East, he is Professor at Sciences Po Paris, the Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) and director of the Middle East and Mediterranean Program at PSL, based at Ecole Normale Supérieure.His latest english-translated book, Away from Chaos .The Middle East and the Challenge to the West ( Columbia University Press, 2020) was reviewed by The New York Times as “an excellent primer for anyone wanting to get up to speed on the region”.His last essay, le Prophète et la Pandémie / du Moyen-Orient au jihadisme d'atmosphère , just released in French (February 2021), has topped the best-seller lists and is currently being translated into English and a half-dozen languages.The excerpt The Murder of Samuel Paty is presently released in the Issue 3 of Liberties Journal (April 27, 2021). "La Chaire d'Excellence " Moyen Orient Méditerranée ", dirigée par Gilles Kepel" . psl.eu .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1170961667.
The opening as it stood in 2025 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
French political scientist and Arabist (born 1955) Gilles Kepel , (born June 30, 1955) is a French political scientist and Arabist , specialized in the contemporary Middle East and Muslims in the West. He was Professor at Sciences Po Paris, the Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) and director of the Middle East and Mediterranean Program at PSL, based at Ecole Normale Supérieure. His latest English-translated book is, Away from Chaos . The Middle East and the Challenge to the West ( Columbia University Press, 2020) was reviewed by The New York Times as "an excellent primer for anyone wanting to get up to speed on the region”. His last essay, le Prophète et la Pandémie / du Moyen-Orient au jihadisme d'atmosphère , just released in French (February 2021), has topped the best-seller lists and is currently being translated into English and a half-dozen languages. "La Chaire d'Excellence " Moyen Orient Méditerranée ", dirigée par Gilles Kepel" . psl.eu .
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Today
“militant” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak. Today the opening has none; the body has 1. Read the current article and compare.
2005
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militant
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Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined between 2005 and 2025.
Then
prominent arabic professor who holds degrees in arabic
Now
french political scientist and arabist
Sections that no longer exist
Present on 6 October 2023, absent today. A heading can vanish because the section was deleted or because it was renamed or merged, and we have not separated those here, so treat this as a list of what to check rather than a verdict.
Bibliography (Books translated into English)889 characters
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.
