In 2005 Wikipedia's first sentence called it “book of the jewish hebrew bible”. Today it says “an 8th-century bc prophet in israel and the nominal primary author of the book of hosea”.
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The opening as it read in 2005
Hosea is a book of the Jewish Hebrew Bible , known to Christians as the Old Testament , written by Hosea . This book stands first in order among the " Minor prophets ." The unique contribution of Hosea is the extended allegory of marriage given in chapters 1-3. While a few commentators believe this section to be entirely symbolic, most believe that the events described did occur. First, Hosea was directed by Yahweh to marry a harlot, and he did so. This was a symbolic act, representing Yahweh's covenant with Israel. What was the nation of Israel when Yahweh chose to enter into a covenant relationship with it? It was a group of ex-slaves who chose to worship a golden calf rather than Yahweh, the God who had rescued them from slavery. Thus, Yahweh characterizes the nation as a harlot. Second, Hosea and his wife, Gomer, have a son. Yahweh commands that the son be named Jezreel. This name refers to a valley in which much blood had been shed in Israel's history, especially by the kings of the Northern Kingdom. The naming of this son was to stand as a prophecy against the reigning house of the Northern Kingdom, that they would pay for that bloodshed. Third, the couple has a daughter. Yahweh commands that she be named No Pity or Not Pitied, to show Israel that, although Yahweh will still have pity on the Southern Kingdom, He will no longer have pity on the Northern Kingdom; its destruction is imminent. Fourth, a son is born to Gomer. It is questionable whether this child was Hosea's, for Yahweh commands that his name be Not My People, or more simply, Not Mine. The child bore this name of shame to show that the Northern Kingdom would also be shamed, for its people would no longer be known as God's People. Following this, the prophecy is made that someday this will all be changed, that Yahweh will indeed have pity on his people, Israel. Chapter two describes a divorce. This divorce seems to be the end of the covenant between Yahweh and the Northern Kingdom. However, it is probable that this was again a symbolic act, in which Hosea divorced Gomer for infidelity, and used the occasion to preach the message of Yahweh's rejection of the Northern Kingdom. He ends this prophecy with the declaration that Yahweh will one day renew the covenant, and will take His people back in love. In Chapter three, at Yahweh's command, Hosea seeks out Gomer once more. Either she has sold herself into slavery for debt, or she is with a lover who demands money in order to give her up, because Hosea has to buy her back. He takes her home, but refrains from sexual intimacy with her for many days, to symbolize the fact that Israel will be without a king for many years, but that Yahweh will take Israel back, even at a cost to Himself. Chapters 4-14 spell out the allegory at length. Chapters 4-10 contain a series of oracles, or prophetic sermons, showing exactly why Yahweh is rejecting the Northern Kingdom, what are the grounds for the divorce. Chapter 11 is Yahweh's lament over the necessity of giving up the Northern Kingdom, which is a large part of the people of Israel, whom He loves. He promises that He will not entirely give them up. Then, in Chapter 12, he pleads for their repentance. Chapter 13 foretells the destruction of the kingdom at the hands of Assyria, because there has been no repentance. Chapter 14 urges them to seek forgiveness, and promises the restoration of Israel, while urging the utmost fidelity to Yahweh.1
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See also Hoshea , who has the same name in Biblical Hebrew .Russian icon of the prophet Hosea, 18th century ( Iconostasis of Transfiguration Church , Kizhi monastery , Karelia , Russia ).Hosea ( Hebrew : הוֹשֵׁעַ , Modern : Hoshea , Tiberian : Hôšēăʻ , "Salvation of/is the Lord ", Greek = Ōsēe ) was the son of Beeri and a prophet in Israel in the 8th century BC .He is one of the Twelve Prophets of the Jewish Hebrew Bible , also known as the Minor Prophets of the Christian Old Testament .Hosea is often seen as a "prophet of doom", but underneath his message of destruction is a promise of restoration.The Talmud ( Pesachim 87a) claims that he was the greatest prophet of his generation, which included the more famous Isaiah.
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See also Hoshea , who has the same name in Biblical Hebrew . Hosea ( / ˌ h oʊ ˈ z iː ə / or / h oʊ ˈ z eɪ ə / ; Hebrew : הוֹשֵׁעַ , Modern : Hoshea , Tiberian : Hôšēăʻ , "Salvation"; Greek Ὠσηέ , Hōsēe ) was the son of Beeri , a prophet in Israel in the 8th century BC and author of the book of prophecies bearing his name. He is one of the Twelve Prophets of the Jewish Hebrew Bible , also known as the Minor Prophets of the Christian Old Testament . Hosea is often seen as a "prophet of doom", but underneath his message of destruction is a promise of restoration. The Talmud ( Pesachim 87a) claims that he was the greatest prophet of his generation. The period of Hosea's ministry extended to some sixty years and he was the only prophet of Israel who left any written prophecy.
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See also Hoshea , who has the same name in Biblical Hebrew . Illustration of Hosea and Gomer from the Bible Historiale , 1372 The Prophet Hosea , by Duccio di Buoninsegna , in the Siena Cathedral (c. 1309–1311) In the Hebrew Bible , Hosea ( / ˌ h oʊ ˈ z iː ə / or / h oʊ ˈ z eɪ ə / ; – Hōšēaʿ , 'Salvation'; – Hōsēé ), son of Beeri , was an 8th-century BC prophet in Israel who authored the book of prophecies bearing his name. He is one of the Twelve Prophets of the Jewish Hebrew Bible , also known as the Minor Prophets of the Christian Old Testament . Hosea is often seen as a "prophet of doom", but underneath his message of destruction is a promise of restoration. The Talmud claims that he was the greatest prophet of his generation. The period of Hosea's ministry extended to some sixty years, and he was the only prophet of Israel of his time who left any written prophecy.
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Biblical character This article is about the Biblical prophet and author of the Book of Hosea . See also Hoshea , who has the same name in Biblical Hebrew . Illustration of Hosea and Gomer from the Bible Historiale , 1372 The Prophet Hosea , by Duccio di Buoninsegna , in the Siena Cathedral ( c. 1309–1311 ) In the Hebrew Bible , Hosea ( / ˌ h oʊ ˈ z iː ə / or / h oʊ ˈ z eɪ ə / ; – Hōšēaʿ , 'Salvation'; – Hōsēé ), also known as Osee , son of Beeri , was an 8th-century BCE prophet in Israel and the nominal primary author of the Book of Hosea .He is the first of the Twelve Minor Prophets , whose collective writings were aggregated and organized into a single book in the Jewish Tanakh by the Second Temple period (forming the last book of the Nevi'im ) but which are distinguished as individual books in Christianity . Hosea is often seen as a "prophet of doom", but underneath his message of destruction is a promise of restoration. The Talmud claims that he was the greatest prophet of his generation. The period of Hosea's ministry extended to some sixty years, and he was the only prophet of Israel of his time who left any written prophecy.
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Biblical character This article is about the Biblical prophet and author of the Book of Hosea. Illustration of Hosea and Gomer from the Bible Historiale , 1372 The Prophet Hosea , by Duccio di Buoninsegna , in the Siena Cathedral ( c. 1309–1311 ) In the Hebrew Bible , Hosea ( / h oʊ ˈ z iː ə / hoh- ZEE -ə or / h oʊ ˈ z eɪ ə / hoh- ZAY -ə ; Hebrew : הוֹשֵׁעַ , romanized : Hōšēaʿ , lit. ' Salvation ' ), also known as Osee ( Ancient Greek : Ὡσηέ , romanized : Hōsēé ), son of Beeri , was an 8th-century BC prophet in Israel and the nominal primary author of the Book of Hosea . He is the first of the Twelve Minor Prophets , whose collective writings were aggregated and organized into a single book in the Jewish Tanakh by the Second Temple period (forming the last book of the Nevi'im ) but which are distinguished as individual books in Christianity . Hosea is often seen as a "prophet of doom", but underneath his message of destruction is a promise of restoration. The Talmud claims that he was the greatest prophet of his generation. The period of Hosea's ministry extended to some sixty years, and he was the only prophet of Israel of his time who left any written prophecy. Most scholars since the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have agreed on the contemporaneous dating of Hosea and the Book of Hosea to the time of Jeroboam II , although some redaction-critical studies of Hosea since the 1980s have postulated that the theological and literary unity was created by editors, and scholars differ significantly in their interpretations of the redaction process, stages, and the extent of the eighth-century prophet’s original contributions.Nevertheless, aspects of eighth century history are generally considered to be reflected in the text.One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Calès, Jean Marie (1911).In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.).Hosea: A Textual Commentary .The Oxford Handbook of the Minor Prophets .“The Book of Hosea as a Source for the Last Days of the Kingdom of Israel.” BZ 59:232–256.The Oxford Handbook of the Minor Prophets .Much of Hosea appears to reflect the circumstances and events of the eighth century (Na'aman 2015) Kelle, Brad E.Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion .At the heart of the historical context presumed by the book of Hosea are the realities of Assyrian imperialism in the 8th century BCE.
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In 2005 Wikipedia's first sentence called it “book of the jewish hebrew bible”. Today it says “an 8th-century bc prophet in israel and the nominal primary author of the book of hosea”. Read the current article and compare.
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Then
book of the jewish hebrew bible
Now
an 8th-century bc prophet in israel and the nominal primary author of the book of hosea
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