Hadith

Hadith ( Arabic : الحديث al-ḥadī th , pronounced: /ħadiːθ/ ; pl. aḥādī th ; lit . "narrative") are narrations originating from the words and deeds of the Islamic prophet Muhammad . Hadith are regarded by traditional schools of jurisprudence as important tools for understanding the Qur'an and in matters of jurisprudence . Hadith were evaluated and gathered into large collections mostly during the reign of Umar bin Abdul Aziz during the 8th and 9th centuries. These works are referred to in matters of Islamic law and history to this day. The two main denominations of Islam, Shi`ism and Sunnism, have different sets of Hadith collections. Ibn Hajar, Ahmad. al-Nukat ala Kitab ibn al-Salah , vol. 1, pg. 90.

Shia Ibadi Jami Sahih Tartib al-Musnad - Books also revered by Ahmadiyya Related topics Ahl al-Hadith Criticism Sheikh al-Hadith Islam portal • Category v t e Hadith ( / ˈ h æ d ɪ θ / or / h ɑː ˈ d iː θ / ; , plural: أحاديث , ahadith ) are the collections of the reports purporting to quote what the Islamic prophet Muhammad said verbatim on any matter. The term comes from the Arabic meaning "report" "account" or "narrative". (A broader source including the deeds of Muhammad and reports about his companions is known as the Sunnah ). The hadith literature is based on spoken reports that were in circulation in society after the death of Muhammad. Unlike the Quran itself, which was compiled under the official direction of the early Islamic State in Medinah, the hadith reports were not complied by a central authority and the process of compilation began generations after the death of Muhammad , when the era of the Rashidun Caliphate had already passed. Different branches of Islam refer to different collections of hadith, though the same incident may be found in hadith in different collections: In the Sunni branch of Islam, the canonical hadith collections are the six books , of which Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim generally have the highest status. The other books of hadith are Sunan Abu Dawood , Jami` at-Tirmidhi , Al-Sunan al-Sughra and Sunan ibn Majah . However the Malikis , one of the five Sunni "schools of thought" ( madhhabs ), traditionally reject Sunan ibn Majah and assert the canonical status of Muwatta Imam Malik . The Fath al-Bari commentary on Sahih al-Bukhari and Al-Nawawi 's commentary on Sahih Muslim are studied alongside the hadith, although they are sharh and not part of the hadith themselves. In the Shi'a branch of Islam, the canonical hadith collections are the Four Books : Kitab al-Kafi , Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih , Tahdhib al-Ahkam , and Al-Istibsar . In the Ibadi branch of Islam, the main canonical collection is the Tartib al-Musnad . This is an expansion of the earlier Jami Sahih collection, which retains canonical status in its own right. The Ahmadiyya branch of Islam generally relies on Sunni hadith collections. Some minor heterodox groups, collectively known as Quranists , reject the authority of the Hadith collections. The hadith also had a profound and controversial influence on moulding the commentaries ( tafsir ) on the Quran. The earliest commentary of the Quran by Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari is mostly sourced from the hadith. The hadith was used in forming the basis of 'Shariah' law . Much of early Islamic history available today is also based on the hadith and is challenged for lack of basis in primary source material and contradictions based on secondary material available. Each hadith is based on two parts, a chain of narrators reporting the hadith ( isnad ), and the text itself ( matn ). Hadiths are still regarded by traditional Islamic schools of jurisprudence as important tools for understanding the Quran and in matters of jurisprudence . Hadith were evaluated and gathered into large collections during the 8th and 9th centuries. These works are referred to in matters of Islamic law and history to this day. Muslim clerics and jurists classify individual hadith as sahih ("authentic"), hasan ("good") or da'if ("weak"). However there is no overall agreement: different groups and different individual scholars may classify a hadith differently. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) "Hadith" . ABC RELIGION AND ETHICS . A concise encyclopedia of Islam (Repr. ed.). Mabadi Tadabbur-i-Hadith (translated as: Fundamentals of Hadith Interpretation) (in Urdu).

Collections of sayings and teachings of Muhammad Shia Ibadi Jami Sahih Tartib al-Musnad - Books also revered by Ahmadiyya Related topics Ahl al-Hadith Criticism Sheikh al-Hadith Islam portal • Category v t e Life Mecca Hijrah First Islamic state After Conquest of Mecca Farewell Pilgrimage ( Farewell Sermon ) Hadith Milestones and records Career Military Diplomatic Miracles Quran ( First revelation ) Isra and Mi'raj Splitting of the Moon Views and Perspectives Views Jews Christians Perspectives Islam Bible Judaism Medieval Christian Historicity Criticism Succession Saqifah Ghadir Khumm Companions of Muhammad Hadith of the pen and paper Ahl al-Bayt Praise Salawat Naat Mawlid Related Mohammedan Mahound Al-Masjid an-Nabawi Possessions Relics Seal History of Islam Islam portal Biography portal v t e Ḥadīth ( / ˈ h æ d ɪ θ / or / h ɑː ˈ d iː θ / ; ḥadīth , pl. aḥādīth , أحاديث , ʼaḥādīth , , literally means "talk" or "discourse") in Islam refers to what Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Islamic prophet Muhammad . Hadith have been called "the backbone" of Islamic civilization, and within that religion the authority of hadith as a source for religious law and moral guidance ranks second only to that of the Quran (which Muslims hold to be the word of God revealed to his messenger Muhammad). Scriptural authority for hadith comes from the Quran which enjoins Muslims to emulate Muhammad and obey his judgments (in verses such as 24:54 , 33:21 ). While the number of verses pertaining to law in the Quran is relatively few, hadith give direction on everything from details of religious obligations (such as Ghusl or Wudu , ablutions for salat prayer), to the correct forms of salutations and the importance of benevolence to slaves. Thus the "great bulk" of the rules of Sharia (Islamic law) are derived from hadith, rather than the Quran. Ḥadīth is the Arabic word for things like speech, report, account, narrative. Unlike the Quran, not all Muslims believe that hadith accounts (or at least not all hadith accounts) are divine revelation. Hadith were not written down by Muhammad's followers immediately after his death but many generations later when they were collected, collated and compiled into a great corpus of Islamic literature . Different collections of hadīth would come to differentiate the different branches of the Islamic faith. There are many modern Muslims (some of whom call themselves Quranists but many are also known as Submitters) who believe that most Hadiths are actually fabrications created in the 8th & 9th century AD, and which are falsely attributed the Prophet Muhammad. Because some hadith include questionable and even contradictory statements, the authentication of hadith became a major field of study in Islam. In its classic form a hadith has two parts — the chain of narrators who have transmitted the report (the isnad ), and the main text of the report (the matn ). Individual hadith are classified by Muslim clerics and jurists into categories such as sahih ("authentic"), hasan ("good") or da'if ("weak"). However, different groups and different scholars may classify a hadith differently. A manuscript copy of al-Bukhari , Mamluk era, 13th century, Egypt . Among scholars of Sunni Islam the term hadith may include not only the words, advice, practices, etc. of Muhammad, but also those of his companions . In Shia Islam , hadīth are the embodiment of the sunnah , the words and actions of the prophet and his family the Ahl al-Bayt ( The Twelve Imams and the prophet's daughter, Fatimah ). (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) "Hadith" . Islam and the West . Mabadi Tadabbur-i-Hadith (translated as: "Fundamentals of Hadith Interpretation") (in Urdu). Encyclopedia of Islam and Muslim World.1 . Introduction to Hadith (2nd ed.). There are <ref group=Note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a template (see the help page ).

Collections of sayings and teachings of Muhammad Shia Ibadi Jami Sahih Tartib al-Musnad - Books also revered by Ahmadiyya Related topics Ahl al-Hadith Criticism Sheikh al-Hadith Islam portal • Category v t e Life Mecca Hijrah First Islamic state After Conquest of Mecca Farewell Pilgrimage ( Farewell Sermon ) Hadith Milestones and records Career Military Diplomatic Miracles Quran ( First revelation ) Isra and Mi'raj Splitting of the Moon Views and Perspectives Views Jews Christians Perspectives Islam Bible Judaism Medieval Christian Historicity Criticism Succession Saqifah Ghadir Khumm Companions of Muhammad Hadith of the pen and paper Ahl al-Bayt Praise Salawat Naat Mawlid Related Mohammedan Mahound Al-Masjid an-Nabawi Possessions Relics Seal History of Islam Islam portal Biography portal v t e Ḥadīth ( / ˈ h æ d ɪ θ / or / h ɑː ˈ d iː θ / ; , ḥadīṯ , , pl. aḥādīth , أحاديث , ʾaḥādīṯ , , literally "talk" or "discourse") or Athar ( , ʾAṯar , literally "remnant"/"effect") refers to what most Muslims and the mainstream schools of Islamic thought believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Islamic prophet Muhammad as transmitted through chains of narrators. In other words, the ḥadīth are transmitted reports attributed to what Muhammad said and did. Hadith have been called by some as "the backbone" of Islamic civilization, and for many the authority of hadith is a source for religious and moral guidance known as Sunnah , which ranks second only to that of the Quran (which Muslims hold to be the word of God revealed to Muhammad). Most Muslims believe that scriptural authority for hadith comes from the Quran, which enjoins Muslims to emulate Muhammad and obey his judgements (in verses such as 24:54 , 33:21 ). A manuscript of Ibn Hanbal's Islamic legal writings (Sharia), produced October 879 While the number of verses pertaining to law in the Quran is relatively few, hadith are considered by many to give direction on everything from details of religious obligations (such as Ghusl or Wudu , ablutions for salat prayer), to the correct forms of salutations and the importance of benevolence to slaves. Thus for many, the "great bulk" of the rules of Sharia (Islamic law) are derived from hadith, rather than the Quran. Ḥadīth is the Arabic word for things like speech, report, account, narrative. Unlike the Quran, not all Muslims believe that hadith accounts (or at least not all hadith accounts) are divine revelation. Different collections of hadīth would come to differentiate the different branches of the Islamic faith. Some Muslims believe that Islamic guidance should be based on the Quran only , thus rejecting the authority of hadith; some further claim that most hadiths are fabrications ( pseudepigrapha ) created in the 8th and 9th centuries AD, and which are falsely attributed to Muhammad. Historically, Mu'tazilites also rejected the hadiths as the basis for Islamic law, while at the same time accepting the Sunnah and ijma . Because some hadith contain questionable and even contradictory statements, the authentication of hadith became a major field of study in Islam. In its classic form a hadith consists of two parts—the chain of narrators who have transmitted the report (the isnad ), and the main text of the report (the matn ). Individual hadith are classified by Muslim clerics and jurists into categories such as sahih ("authentic"), hasan ("good"), or da'if ("weak"). However, different groups and different scholars may classify a hadith differently. Among scholars of Sunni Islam the term hadith may include not only the words, advice, practices, etc. of Muhammad, but also those of his companions . In Shia Islam , hadith are the embodiment of the sunnah, the words and actions of Muhammad and his family, the Ahl al-Bayt ( The Twelve Imams and Muhammad's daughter, Fatimah ). (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) "Hadith" . Studies in Hadith Methodology and Literature . An Examination of the Authority of Hadith in Islam" . Islam and the West . Mabadi Tadabbur-i-Hadith (translated as: "Fundamentals of Hadith Interpretation") (in Urdu). Encyclopedia of Islam and Muslim World.1 . Introduction to Hadith (2nd ed.). There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ). There are <ref group=Note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a template (see the help page ).

Collections of sayings and teachings of Muhammad For other uses, see Hadith (disambiguation) . Shia Ibadi Jami Sahih Tartib al-Musnad - Books also revered by Ahmadiyya Related topics Ahl al-Hadith Criticism Sheikh al-Hadith Islam portal • Category v t e Life Mecca Hijrah First Islamic state After Conquest of Mecca Farewell Pilgrimage ( Farewell Sermon ) Hadith Milestones and records Career Military Diplomatic Miracles Quran ( First revelation ) Isra and Mi'raj Splitting of the Moon Views and Perspectives Views Jews Christians Perspectives Islam Bible Judaism Medieval Christian Historicity Criticism Succession Saqifah Ghadir Khumm Companions of Muhammad Hadith of the pen and paper Ahl al-Bayt Praise Salawat Naat Mawlid Related Mohammedan Mahound Al-Masjid an-Nabawi Possessions Relics Seal History of Islam Islam portal Biography portal v t e Hadith is the Arabic word for a 'report' or an 'account [of an event]' and refers to the Islamic oral tradition of anecdotes containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the Islamic prophet Muhammad or his immediate circle ( companions in Sunni Islam, Ahl al-Bayt in Shiite Islam). Each hadith is associated with a chain of narrators ( isnad )—a lineage of people who reportedly heard and repeated the hadith from which the source of the hadith can be traced. The authentication of hadith became a significant discipline, focusing on the isnad (chain of narrators) and matn (main text of the report). This process aimed to address contradictions and questionable statements within certain narrations. Beginning one or two centuries after Muhammad's death, Islamic scholars, known as muhaddiths , compiled hadith into distinct collections that survive in the historical works of writers from the second and third centuries of the Muslim era ( c. 700−1000 CE). However, in the early Islamic society the use of hadith as it is understood today (documentation, isnads, etc.) came gradually. Sunnah originally meant a tradition that did not contain the definition of good and bad. Later, "good traditions" began to be referred to as sunnah and the concept of "Muhammad's sunnah" was established. Muhammad's sunnah gave way to the "hadiths of Muhammad" which were being transmitted orally , then recorded in the corpuses that continued to be collected, classified and purified according to various criteria in the following centuries. Scholars have categorized hadith based on their reliability, sorting them into classifications such as sahih ('authentic'), hasan ('good'), and da'if ('weak'). This classification is subjective to the person doing this study and differences in classification have led to variations in practices among the different Islamic schools and branches . The study of hadith is a central discipline in Islam, known as the hadith sciences , and is also examined in the contemporary historiographical field of hadith studies . After being compiled in the 10th and 11th centuries, the Hadith were originally imposed in the 14th century by socio-political and spiritual authorities. A minority of Muslims criticise the hadith and reject them, including Quranists , who assert that Islamic guidance should rely solely on the Quran. They argue that many hadith are fabrications ( pseudepigrapha ) from the 8th and 9th centuries, falsely attributed to Muhammad. Historically, some sects of the Kharijites also rejected the hadiths, while Mu'tazilites rejected the hadiths as the basis for Islamic law, while at the same time accepting the Sunnah and Ijma . Western scholars participating in the field of hadith studies are generally skeptical of the value of hadith for understanding the true historical Muhammad , even those considered sahih by Muslim scholars. Reasons for skepticism include the late compilation of hadith (often centuries after Muhammad’s death), difficulties in verifying chains of transmission, the prevalence of hadith fabrication, and doubts about the traditional methods of hadith authentication. This skepticism extends even to hadith classified as sahih by Muslim scholars, as such narrations may still reflect later historical or theological concerns rather than the authentic teachings of Muhammad. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) "Hadith" . Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World . Introduction to Hadith (2nd ed.). Mabadi Tadabbur-i-Hadith (translated as: "Fundamentals of Hadith Interpretation") (in Urdu). Islam and the West . The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence . These collections contain the hadiths that are generally considered most likely to be accurate. BoD - Books on Demand. Major Issues in Islam: The Challenges within and Without . There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ). There are <ref group=Note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a template (see the help page ).