Husayn ibn Ali

Imaginary portrait of Husayn ibn Ali, by contemporary Iranian artist. Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abu Talib (c. 626 - October 10 , 680 ) was the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad , and son of his daughter Fatima Zahra with Ali ibn Abu Talib . Husayn is revered by Muslims , and has a special importance to the Shia as their Third Imam by most shias and second Imam by some Shia sects. Husayn was the second son of Ali and Fatima. He was beloved by his grandfather Muhammad and many stories tell of a great resemblance between Husayn and Muhammad. There are numerous hadith that talk about Husayn and his elder brother Hasan and express the love that Muhammad had for them. In one of these hadith the Prophet said 'Hasan and Husayn are like my two sweet bazels in this world'. Husayn is also one of the four persons included in the Hadith Of The Cloak . After the death of his father Ali in 661 , the succession to the Caliphate was undetermined, and a conflict existed between those who thought Muawiyah should be the caliph, and those who felt that the son of Ali should succeed him. Husayn's elder brother, Hasan , chose not to pursue the issue. However, when Hasan died in 669 , Husayn took up his claim to the caliphate amid charges that the then caliph ( Yazid , the son of Muawiyah) was corrupt. Husayn thus led an insurrection and received support from the people of Iraq . However, when his forces met those of Yazid at Karbala , he was betrayed by those who had come to his aid. Husayn, most of his family (including sons Ali Akbar and Ali Asgar ) and 72 of his companions were massacred at the battle. Husayn himself was decapitated and his head was delivered to Yazid. This event is known as Aashurah and is a great day of mourning and remembrance for the Shia . This episode of Husayn's life is of special importance to many Muslims for its tragedy and for the bravery of Husayn in the face of an overwhelming opponent. The Festival of Muharram is held in honor of his sacrifice. Husayn is said to have married the eldest daughter of Yazdegerd III , the last King of Sassanid Persia . Bibi Shahrbanu gave birth to to the fourth Imam, Ali ibn Husayn . His shrine is in Karbala , Iraq , where his body is buried. His head was later buried in Karbala.

Husayn ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( )‎ (3rd Sha‘bān 4 AH - 10th Muharram 61 AH; 8 January 626 AD - 10 October 680 AD) was the son of ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib (final Rashidun Caliph and first Shī‘a Imām ) and Fātimah Zahrā (daughter of Muhammad ). Husayn is an important figure in Islām as he is a member of the Ahl al-Bayt (the household of Muhammad) and Ahl al-Kisā , as well as being a Shī‘a Imām , and one of The Fourteen Infallibles of Shī'a Twelvers . Husayn ibn ‘Alī is revered by all Shi'a as a martyr who fought tyranny, as he refused to pledge allegiance to Yazīd I , the Umayyad caliph . He rose up to create a regime that would reinstate a "true" Islāmic polity as opposed to what he considered the unjust rule of the Umayyads. As a consequence, Husayn was killed and beheaded in the Battle of Karbalā in 680 (61AH) by Shimr Ibn Thil-Jawshan . The anniversary of his Shahid ("martydom") is called ‘Āshūrā ( "tenth" day of Muharram ) and is a day of mourning for Shia Muslims. Revenge for Husayn's death was turned into a rallying cry that helped undermine the Umayyad caliphate, and gave impetus to the rise of a powerful Shī‘ah movement. A Brief History of The Fourteen Infallibles . The life of Imam Husain . The life of Imam Husain .

Grandson of Muhammad and the 3rd Imam (626–680) For people with similar names, see Husayn ibn Ali (disambiguation) . Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ; 10 January 626 – 10 October 680) was a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a son of Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muhammad's daughter Fatima , as well as a younger brother of Hasan ibn Ali . He is the third Imam of Shia Islam after his brother, Hasan, and before his son, Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin . Being a grandson of the prophet, he is a member of the Ahl al-Bayt . He is also considered to be a member of the Ahl al-Kisa , and a participant in the event of Mubahala . Muhammad described him and his brother, Hasan, as "the leaders of the youth of Paradise." During the caliphate of Ali, Husayn accompanied him in wars. After the assassination of Ali , he obeyed his brother in recognizing the Hasan–Muawiya treaty , despite it being suggested to do otherwise. In the nine-year period between Hasan's abdication in AH 41 (660 CE) and his death in AH 49 (669 CE), Hasan and Husayn retreated to Medina, trying to keep aloof from political involvement for or against Mu'awiya . After the death of Hasan, when Iraqis turned to Husayn, concerning an uprising, Husayn instructed them to wait as long as Mu'awiya was alive due to Hasan's peace treaty with him. Prior to his death, Mu'awiya appointed his son Yazid as his successor, contrary to the Hasan–Muawiya treaty . When Mu'awiya died in 680, Yazid demanded that Husayn pledge allegiance to him. Husayn refused to do so. As a consequence, he left Medina , his hometown, to take refuge in Mecca in AH 60 (679 CE). There, the people of Kufa sent letters to him, invited him to Kufa and asked him to be their Imam and pledged their allegiance to him. On Husayn's way to Kufa with a retinue of about 72 men, his caravan was intercepted by a 1,000-strong army of the caliph at some distance from Kufa. He was forced to head north and encamp in the plain of Karbala on 2 October, where a larger Umayyad army of some 4,000 or 30,000 arrived soon afterwards. Negotiations failed after the Umayyad governor Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad refused Husayn safe passage without submitting to his authority, a condition declined by Husayn. Battle ensued on 10 October during which Husayn was martyred along with most of his relatives and companions, while his surviving family members were taken prisoner. The battle was followed by the Second Fitna , during which the Iraqis organized two separate campaigns to avenge the martyred of Husayn; the first one by the Tawwabin and the other one by Mukhtar al-Thaqafi and his supporters. The Battle of Karbala galvanized the development of the pro- Alid party ( Shi'at Ali ) into a unique religious sect with its own rituals and collective memory. It has a central place in the Shi'a history, tradition, and theology, and has frequently been recounted in Shi'a literature . It also provides the members of the Shi'a faith with a catalog of heroic norms. The battle is commemorated during an annual ten-day period during the Islamic month of Muharram by many Muslims especially Shi'a, culminating on tenth day of the month, known as the Day of Ashura . On this day, Shi'a Muslims mourn, hold public processions, organize religious gathering, beat their chests and in some cases self-flagellate . Sunni Muslims likewise regard the incident as a historical tragedy; Husayn and his companions are widely regarded as martyrs by both Sunni and Shi'a Muslims. The life of Imam Husain . Al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī, (born January 626, Medina, Arabia [now in Saudi Arabia]—died October 10, 680, Karbalāʾ, Iraq), hero in Shiʿi Islam, grandson of the Prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fāṭima and son-in-law ʿAlī (the first Imam of the Shi'a and the fourth of the Sunni Rashidun caliphs ). There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).

Grandson of Muhammad and the 3rd Imam (626–680) For people with similar names, see Husayn ibn Ali (disambiguation) . Husayn ibn Ali ( Arabic : ٱلْحُسَيْنُ ٱبْنُ عَلِيٍّ ‎ , romanized : Al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī ; 11 January 626 – 10 October 680 CE ) was a social, political and religious leader in early medieval Arabia . The grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and an Alid (the son of Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muhammad's daughter Fatima ), as well as a younger brother of Hasan ibn Ali , Husayn is regarded as the third Imam in Shia Islam after his brother, Hasan, and before his son, Ali al-Sajjad . Husayn is a prominent member of the Ahl al-Bayt and is also considered to be a member of the Ahl al-Kisa and a participant in the event of the mubahala . Muhammad described him and his brother, Hasan, as the leaders of the youth of paradise . During the caliphate of Ali, Husayn accompanied him in wars. After the assassination of Ali , he obeyed his brother in recognizing the Hasan–Mu'awiya I treaty , despite it being suggested to do otherwise. In the nine-year period between Hasan's abdication in AH 41 (660) and his death in AH 49 or 50 (669 or 670), Hasan and Husayn retreated to Medina , trying to keep aloof from political involvement for or against Mu'awiya I . After the death of Hasan, when Iraqis turned to Husayn, concerning an uprising, Husayn instructed them to wait as long as Mu'awiya was alive due to Hasan's peace treaty with him. Prior to his death, Mu'awiya appointed his son Yazid as his successor, contrary to the Hasan–Mu'awiya treaty. When Mu'awiya I died in 680, Yazid demanded that Husayn pledge allegiance to him. Husayn refused to do so. As a consequence, he left Medina, his hometown, to take refuge in Mecca in AH 60 (679). There, the people of Kufa sent letters to him, invited him to Kufa and asked him to be their Imam and pledged their allegiance to him. On Husayn's way to Kufa with a retinue of about 72 men, his caravan was intercepted by a 1,000-strong army of the caliph at some distance from Kufa. He was forced to head north and encamp in the plain of Karbala on 2 October, where a larger Umayyad army of some 4,000 or 30,000 arrived soon afterwards. Negotiations failed after the Umayyad governor Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad refused Husayn safe passage without submitting to his authority, a condition declined by Husayn. Battle ensued on 10 October during which Husayn was killed along with most of his relatives and companions, while his surviving family members were taken prisoner. The battle was followed by the Second Fitna , during which the Iraqis organized two separate campaigns to avenge the killing of Husayn; the first one by the Tawwabin and the other one by Mukhtar al-Thaqafi and his supporters. The Battle of Karbala galvanized the development of the pro- Alid party ( Shi'at Ali ) into a unique religious sect with its own rituals and collective memory. It has a central place in the Shi'a history, tradition, and theology, and has frequently been recounted in Shi'a literature . It also provides the members of the Shi'a faith with a catalog of heroic norms. The battle is commemorated during an annual ten-day period during the Islamic month of Muharram by many Muslims especially Shi'a, culminating on tenth day of the month, known as the day of Ashura . On this day, Shi'a Muslims mourn, hold public processions, organise religious gathering, beat their chests and in some cases self-flagellate . Sunni Muslims likewise regard the incident as a historical tragedy; Husayn and his companions are widely regarded as martyrs by both Sunni and Shi'a Muslims. The life of Imam Husain . Al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī, (born 11 January 626, Medina, Arabia [now in Saudi Arabia] — died 10 October 680, Karbalāʾ, Iraq), hero in Shiʿi Islam, grandson of the Prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fāṭima and son-in-law Alī (the first Imam of the Shi'a and the fourth of the Sunni Rashidun caliphs ). There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).