Iblis

Redirect to: Devil (Islam)

Devil-like figure in Quran and Islamic tradition Turkish Siyah Qalam depiction of Iblis, appearing as a dark bearded man wearing a headcover Iblīs (alternatively Eblis or Ibris ) is a figure frequently occurring in the Quran , commonly in relation to the creation of Adam and the command to prostrate himself before him. After he refused, he was cast out of heaven. Due to his fall from God's grace, he is often compared to Satan in Christian traditions. In Islamic tradition, Iblis is often identified with ash-Shaitan ("the Devil"), often followed by the epithet ar-Rajīm ( ). However, while Shaitan is used exclusively for an evil force, Iblis himself holds a more ambivalent role in Islamic traditions. The Encyclopedia of God: An A-Z Guide to Thoughts, Ideas, and Beliefs about God . Studies in Qur'an and Tafsir . Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God . Journal of Islamic Research . 2 . : Missing or empty |title= ( help ) Silverstein, Adam (January 2013). Journal of the American Oriental Society . : CS1 maint: year ( link ) Campanini, Massimo (2013).

Devil-like figure in Islam For the 2018 film, see Iblis (film) . The Angels meet Adam, the prototypical human being. They share, albeit to a lesser degree, the defiant reaction of Iblis, who haughtily turns his head away. Painting from a manuscript of the Manṭiq al-ṭayr (The Conference of the Birds) of Farīd al-Dīn ʿAṭṭār. Iblis ( ), alternatively known as Eblīs , is the leader of the devils ( shayāṭīn ) in Islam . According to the Quran , Iblis was thrown out of heaven , after he refused to prostrate himself before Adam . Regarding the origin and nature of Iblis, there are two different viewpoints. In the first version, before Iblis was cast down from heaven, he used to be a high-ranking angel ( Karub ) called Azazil , appointed by God to obliterate the original disobedient and destructive inhabitants of the earth, who were replaced with humans, as more obedient creatures. After Iblis objected to God's decision to create a successor (or intendance on Earth) ( k̲h̲alīfa ), he was punished by being relegated and cast down to earth as a shayṭān (devil). In the alternative account, God created Iblis from the fires beneath the seventh earth . Worshipping God for thousands of years, Iblis ascended to the surface, whereupon, thanks to his pertinacious servitude, he rose until he reached the company of Angels in the seventh heaven. When God created Adam and taught him the "names of all things" , then ordered the Angels to bow down, Iblis, being a jinn created from an essence of fire, refused, by pride and feelings of superiority towards Adam (created from an essence of clay combined to a breath of life/soul), and disobeyed God. His persistence in disobediance and his oath to God to corrupt and prove the unworthiness of mankind lead to his downfall, as well as his positioning as an obvious and eternal enemy of mankind. In the Islamic tradition, Iblis is often identified with ash-Shayṭān (" the Devil "), often known by the epithet ar-Rajim ( ). Shayṭān is usually applied to Iblis in order to denote his role as the tempter, while Iblīs is his proper name. Some Sufi Muslims uphold a more ambivalent role for Iblis, considering him not simply the Devil but actually "the truest monotheist " (because he would worship only the Creator, and not his creations) while preserving the term shayṭān exclusively for evil forces. "The Primordial Cycle Revisited: Adam, Eve, and the Celestial Beings." The intermediate worlds of angels (2019): 173-199. P. ; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. ; Schacht, J. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition . The Encyclopedia of God: An A-Z Guide to Thoughts, Ideas, and Beliefs about God . "The Creation Story in 'Sūrat al-Baqara,' with Special Reference to al-Ṭabarī's Material: An Analysis". Journal of the American Oriental Society . 133 (1).

Primary Devil in Islamic tradition For the 2018 film, see Iblis (film) . Angels honor Adam , except Iblis, who refuses. Painting from a illustrated subsection containing Bal'ami's Persian rendition of the Annals in a much larger Herat manuscript. Iblis ( Arabic : إِبْلِيسْ , romanized : Iblīs ), alternatively known as Eblīs , also known as Shaitan , is the leader of the devils ( shayāṭīn ) in Islam . According to the Quran , Iblis was thrown out of heaven after refusing to prostrate himself before Adam . In Sufi cosmology , Iblis embodies the cosmic veil supposedly separating the immanent aspect of God's love from the transcendent aspect of God's wrath . He is often compared to the Christian Satan , since both figures were cast out of heaven according to their respective religious narratives. In his role as the master of cosmic illusion in Sufsm, he functions in ways similar to the Buddhist concept of Mara . Islamic theology ( kalām ) regards Iblis as an example of attributes and actions which God punishes with hell ( Nār ). Regarding the origin and nature of Iblis, there are two different viewpoints. According to one, Iblis is an angel , and according to the other, he is the father of all the jinn . Quranic exegesis ( tafsīr ) and the Stories of the Prophets ( Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ ) elaborate on Iblis's origin story in greater detail. In Islamic tradition, Iblis is identified with ash-Shayṭān (" the Devil "), often followed by the epithet ar-Rajim (Arabic: ٱلرَجِيم , lit. ' the Accursed ' ). Shayṭān is usually applied to Iblis in order to denote his role as the tempter, while Iblīs is his proper name. Some Muslim scholars uphold a more ambivalent role for Iblis while preserving the term shayṭān exclusively for evil forces, considering Iblis to be not simply a devil but also "the truest monotheist " ( Tawḥīd-i Iblīs ), because he would only bow before the Creator and not his creations. Others have strongly rejected sympathies with Iblis, considering them to be deceptively instigated by Iblis. Rumi 's poetic work Masnavi-e-Ma'navi explores this form of deception in detail: when Iblis wakes up Mu'awiya to the morning prayer , he appears to have benevolent intentions at first, but it turns out, Iblis is just hiding his true malevolent motivations. The ambivalent role of Iblis is also addressed in Islamic literature . Hafez , who considers Iblis to be an angel, writes that angels are incapable of emotional expression and thus that Iblis attempts to mimic piety but is incapable of worshipping God with passion. According to Muhammad Iqbal , Iblis tests humans in order to teach them to overcome their selfish tendencies. Iblis is one of the most well-known individual supernatural entities in Islamic tradition, and has appeared extensively across Islamic and non-Islamic art, literature, and contemporary media. P. ; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. ; Schacht, J. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition . The Encyclopedia of God: An A-Z Guide to Thoughts, Ideas, and Beliefs about God . Origins of the Tarot . "The Creation Story in 'Sūrat al-Baqara,' with Special Reference to al-Ṭabarī's Material: An Analysis". Journal of the American Oriental Society . 133 (1).