Wikipedia's first sentence called it “former arms dealer and the author of profits of war”. Today it says “israeli-canadian businessman”. The one-line description Wikipedia serves to search engines and AI systems read “Iranian-born Israeli businessman, security consultant and author”. It now reads “Israeli-Canadian arms dealer (b. 1951)”.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-03.
We saved snapshots of this article over twenty years; you are reading the 2005 one. Red dashes: removed from Wikipedia since.Pale dots: rewritten; the numbered note shows what it says now.Red text: written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot.1 tap a number or a side note to jump between them
The opening as it read in 2005
Ari Ben-Menashe Ari Ben-Menashe is a former arms dealer and the author of Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network , a book purporting to describe his involvement in Iran-Contra and other intelligence operations. An Iranian Jew who was educated in Israel , he is a former Israeli government employee, and has said that he worked for the intelligence services. He has also said he was an advisor to former prime minister Yitzhak Shamir .1He now runs Albury Grain Sales, a commodities brokerage registered in Montreal , Canada , where he lives.2Ben-Menashe came to the attention of the international media in 2002, when he alleged that Morgan Tsvangirai , leader of Zimbabwe 's opposition party, the Movement for Democratic Change , had approached him for help to " eliminate " President Robert Mugabe . Ben-Menashe produced a videotape of conversations he had had with Tsvangirai in London , England , and Montreal, where the latter appeared to ask for Ben-Menashe's help as a political consultant. Unbeknownst to Tsvangirai, Ben-Menashe's Montreal consultancy firm, Dickens and Madson, now bankrupt, was working in an advisory capacity for Mugabe, and the tapes were handed over to the Zimbabwean authorities, who charged Tsvangirai with treason , which is punishable by death in that country. Tsvangarai was acquitted in 2003 when a court in Harare accepted he had not used the word "eliminate" to mean that he wanted Mugabe to be assassinated . Judge Paddington Garwe described Ben-Menashe, who was the prosecution 's star witness , as "rude, unreliable, and contemptuous." Morgan Tsvangirai faced a possible death sentence based on Ben-Menashe's testimony The Jerusalem Post , quoting an "authoritative" source, wrote on March 27 , 1990 that Ben-Menashe had not worked for the Israeli government in any capacity, and that the Israeli defense establishment had had "no contact" with him. Documents subsequently obtained by American journalists showed that Ben-Menashe had, in fact, worked for the External Relations Department of Israeli military intelligence from 1977-87, though his critics say he was a low-level translator. [1] Documents obtained in 2002 by Canadian journalists under Canada's freedom of information legislation indicate that Ben-Menashe has supplied consultancy services to the Canadian government . Time Magazine has called him a "spinner of tangled yarns."3
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 17745788.
The opening as it stood in 2010 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Ari Ben-Menashe is the author of Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network , a book purporting to describe his involvement in Iran-Contra and other intelligence operations. An Iraqi Jew who was educated in Israel , he is a former Israeli government employee, and has said that he worked for the intelligence services. He has also said he was a "troubleshooter" for former prime minister Yitzhak Shamir .Ben-Menashe now runs an international commodity exporting firm, Traeger Resources and Logistics Inc., which is registered in Montreal , Canada , where he lives. Ben-Menashe came to the attention of the international media in 2002, when he alleged that Morgan Tsvangirai , leader of Zimbabwe 's opposition party, the Movement for Democratic Change , had asked him to help to "eliminate" President Robert Mugabe . Ben-Menashe produced a videotape of conversations between himself and Tsvangirai in London , England , and Montreal, where the latter appeared to ask for Ben-Menashe's help as a political consultant. Unbeknownst to Tsvangirai, Ben-Menashe's Montreal consultancy firm at the time, Dickens and Madson, was working for Mugabe, and tapes of the ambiguous conversation were passed to the Zimbabwean authorities, who charged Tsvangirai with treason , which is punishable by death in that country. Tsvangarai was acquitted in 2004 when a court in Harare accepted he had not used the word "eliminate" to mean that he wanted Mugabe to be assassinated . Judge Paddington Garwe described Ben-Menashe, who was the prosecution's star witness, as "rude, unreliable, and contemptuous." The Jerusalem Post , quoting an "authoritative" source, wrote on March 27, 1990 that Ben-Menashe had not worked for the Israeli government in any capacity, and that the Israeli defense establishment had had "no contact" with him. Documents subsequently obtained by American journalists showed that Ben-Menashe had, in fact, worked for the External Relations Department of Israeli military intelligence from 1977-87, though his critics say he was a low-level translator. However, Moshe Hevrony clearly stated: Ben-Menashe worked directly under me...He had access to very, very sensitive material. Documents obtained in 2002 by Canadian journalists under Canada's freedom of information legislation indicate that Ben-Menashe has supplied consultancy services to the Canadian government. Time Magazine has called him a "spinner of tangled yarns." "Spinner of Tangled Yarns" , Time , October 28, 1991.Profits of War , Sheridan Square Press, 1992, p. xii."Tsvangirai accused of treason" , The Guardian , February 28, 2002."Zimbabwe opposition leader cleared of treason charge" , CBC, October 15, 2004."Joy as Mugabe rival cleared" , The Age , October 17, 2004."Ben-Menashe strikes again" , The Review , Australia/Israel & Jewish Affairs Council, March 2002."The trouble with Ari," The Village Voice , July 1992.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 349024525.
The opening as it stood in 2015 20 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Ari Ben-Menashe ( Hebrew : ארי בן מנשה; born Tehran , 4 December 1951) is an Iranian -born Israeli businessman , security consultant and author .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 666563897.
The opening as it stood in 2020
Ari Ben-Menashe ( ; born Tehran , 4 December 1951) is an Iranian -born Israeli businessman, security consultant and author. He was previously an employee of Israel's Military Intelligence Directorate from 1977 to 1987 and an arms dealer.He now lives in Montreal , Canada, and runs an international commodity exporting firm, Traeger Resources and Logistics Inc.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 950510147.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023
Iranian-born Israeli businessman, security consultant and author Ari Ben-Menashe ( ; born 4 December 1951) is an Israeli-Canadian businessman, security consultant, and author. He was previously an employee of Israel's Military Intelligence Directorate from 1977 to 1987, and an arms dealer. He lives in Montreal , Quebec , Canada and runs an international commodity exporting firm, Traeger Resources and Logistics Inc.In 1989, Ben-Menashe was charged with attempting to sell three military aircraft to Iran in contravention of the U.S.After nearly a year in jail, he was acquitted.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1174293870.
The opening as it stood in 2025 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Iranian-born Israeli businessman, security consultant and author Ari Ben-Menashe ( Hebrew : ארי בן מנשה; born 4 December 1951) is an Israeli-Canadian businessman, security consultant, and author. He was previously an employee of Israel's Military Intelligence Directorate from 1977 to 1987, and an arms dealer. He lives in Montreal . In 1989, Ben-Menashe was charged with attempting to sell three military aircraft to Iran in contravention of the U.S. After nearly a year in jail, he was acquitted.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1286855990. This is our newest snapshot; the live article may have moved again since.
Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “former arms dealer and the author of profits of war”. Today it says “israeli-canadian businessman”. The one-line description Wikipedia serves to search engines and AI systems read “Iranian-born Israeli businessman, security consultant and author”. It now reads “Israeli-Canadian arms dealer (b. 1951)”. Read the current article and compare.
2005
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2005, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
former arms dealer and the author of profits of war
Now
israeli-canadian businessman
Sections that no longer exist
Present on October 6, 2023, absent today, with no near-matching heading in the current article and the article shorter overall, so this is not a renamed heading or a topic absorbed into a fuller treatment. 5 sections of 400 characters or more gone since October 6 2023, with the article 5,395 characters shorter.
Robert Maxwell
October Surprise
Personal and business controversies
Soybeans
Further reading
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.