Ibn Taymiyya

Taqi ad-Din Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah (January 22, 1263–1328), full name: Taqī ad-Dīn Abu 'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm ibn ʿAbd as-Salām Ibn Taymiya al-Ḥarrānī ( ), was a famous Islamic scholar , theologian and logician born in Harran , located in what is now Turkey , close to the Syrian border. He lived during the troubled times of the Mongol invasions. As a member of the school founded by Ibn Hanbal , he sought the return of Islam to its sources, the Qur'an and the Sunnah . Mountains of Knowledge, pg 222 Mountains of Knowledge, pg 220

Taqî ad-Dîn Aḥmad ibn Taymiyyah ( Arabic : تقي الدين أحمد ابن تيمية) known as Ibn Taymiyyah (22 January 1263 - 26 September 1328) was a Islamic scholar ( alim ), theologian and logician . He lived during the troubled times of the Mongol invasions . He was a member of the school founded by Ahmad ibn Hanbal , and is considered by his followers, along with Ibn Qudamah , as one of the two most significant proponents of Hanbalism . In the modern era, his adherents often refer to the two as "the two sheikhs " and Ibn Taymiyyah in particular as " Sheikh ul-Islam ". Ibn Taymiyyah sought the return of Sunni Islam to what he viewed as earlier interpretations of the Qur'an and the Sunnah , and is considered to have had considerable influence in contemporary Wahhabism , Salafism , and Jihadism . He is renowned for his fatwa ( takfir ) issued against the Mongol rulers declaring jihad by Muslims against them compulsory, on the grounds that they did not follow Sharia and as such were not Muslim, their claims to have converted to Islam notwithstanding. His teachings had a profound influence on Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab , and other later Sunni scholars. The Hanbali School of Law and Ibn Taymiyyah . Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam . Imam Ibn Taimiya and his projects of reform . Islamic Foundation Bangladesh. : Invalid |ref=harv ( help ) Abu Zayd Bakr bin Abdullah, Madkhal al-mufassal ila fiqh al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal wa-takhrijat al-ashab. The Emergence of Islam: Classical traditions in contemporary perspective .

Sunni Islamic scholar and theologian, who lived during the era of the first Mamluks (1250-1328) Taqī ad-Dīn Aḥmad ibn Taymiyyah ( , January 22, 1263 - September 26, 1328), known simply Ibn Taymiyyah ( ابن تيمية ) for short, was a controversial medieval Sunni Muslim scholar , muhaddith , theologian , judge , jurisconsult , and logician , who some have argued was a philosopher , and who has been acknowledged by some as the mujaddid of the 7th century of the Islamic calendar . He is known for his diplomatic involvement with Mongol ruler Ghazan Khan and for his victorious achievement at the Battle of Marj al-Saffar (1303) which ended the Mongol invasions of the Levant . A member of the Hanbali school , Ibn Taymiyyah's iconoclastic views on widely accepted Sunni doctrines of his time such as the veneration of saints and the visitation to their tomb-shrines made him unpopular with many scholars and rulers of the time, under whose orders he was imprisoned several times. A polarising figure in his own times and in the centuries that followed, Ibn Taymiyyah has become one of the most influential medieval writers in contemporary Islam, where his particular interpretations of the Qur'an and the Sunnah and his rejection of some aspects of classical Islamic tradition are believed to have had considerable influence on contemporary ultra-conservative ideologies such as Wahhabism , Salafism , and Jihadism . Indeed, particular aspects of his teachings had a profound influence on Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab , the founder of the Hanbali reform movement practiced in Saudi Arabia , and on other later Wahabi scholars. Moreover, Ibn Taymiyyah's controversial fatwa allowing jihad against other Muslims is referenced by al-Qaeda and other jihadi groups. Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam . Ibn Taymiyya and His Times . Imam Ibn Taimiya and his projects of reform . Islamic Foundation Bangladesh. : Invalid |ref=harv ( help ) Ibn Taymiyyah, Ahmad ibn ʻAbd al-Ḥalīm (1999). Third World Quarterly . 36 (4): 691– 704 . Yet Ibn Taymiyyah remained unconvinced and issued three controversial fatwas to justify revolt against mongol rule. All his works are full of bitter condemnation of philosophy and yet he was a great philosopher himself. Identifying him, especially in regards to his comprehensive view, as a true philosopher, they describe him as an equal to or even superseding the most famous medieval Muslim philosophers. Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam . Islamic Radicalism and Global Jihad .

Islamic scholar, jurist and philosopher (1263–1328) Ibn Taymiyya (January 22, 1263 – September 26, 1328; ), birth name Taqī ad-Dīn ʾAḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm ibn ʿAbd al-Salām al-Numayrī al-Ḥarrānī ( ) was a Sunni Muslim ʿālim , muhaddith , judge, proto-Salafist theologian, ascetic, and iconoclastic theologian. He is known for his diplomatic involvement with the Ilkhanid ruler Ghazan Khan and for his involvement at the Battle of Marj al-Saffar which ended the Mongol invasions of the Levant . A legal jurist of the Hanbali school , Ibn Taymiyya's condemnation of numerous folk practices associated with saint veneration and visitation of tombs made him a contentious figure with rulers and scholars of the time, and he was imprisoned several times as a result. A polarizing figure in his own times and in the centuries that followed, Ibn Taymiyya has emerged as one of the most influential medieval scholars in late modern Sunni Islam . He was also noteworthy for engaging in fierce religious polemics that attacked various schools of Kalām (speculative theology); primarily Ash'arism and Maturidism , while defending the doctrines of Athari school . This prompted rival clerics and state authorities to accuse Ibn Taymiyya and his disciples of tashbīh ( anthropomorphism ); which eventually led to the censoring of his works and subsequent incarceration. Nevertheless, Ibn Taymiyya's numerous treatises that advocates for "creedal Salafism" ( al-salafiyya al-iʿtiqādīyya ), based on his scholarly interpretations of the Qur'an and the Sunnah , constitute the most popular classical reference for later Salafi movements. Ibn Taymiyya asserted through his treatises that there is no contradiction between reason and revelation , and denounced the usage of philosophy as a pre-requisite in seeking religious truth. As a cleric who viewed Shi'ism as a source of corruption in Muslim societies; Ibn Taymiyya was also known for virulent anti-Shia polemics through treatises like Minhaj al-Sunna , wherein he denounced Imami Shi'ite creed as heretical. Ibn Taymiyya declared a fatwa to wage Jihad against the Shi'ites of Kisrawan and personally fought in the Kisrawan campaigns , accusing Shi'ites of acting as the fifth-columinists of Frank Crusaders and Mongol Ilkhanates . Within recent history, Ibn Taymiyya has been widely regarded as a major scholarly influence in revolutionary Islamist movements, such as Salafi-Jihadism . Major aspects of his teachings such as upholding the pristine monotheism of the early Muslim generations and campaigns to uproot what he regarded as shirk (idolatry); had a profound influence on Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab , the founder of the Wahhabist reform movement formed in Arabian Peninsula , and on other later Sunni scholars. Lebanese Salafi theologian Muhammad Rashid Rida (d. 1935 C.E/ 1354 A.H), one of the major modern proponents of his works, designated Ibn Taymiyya as the Mujaddid (renewer) of the Islamic 7th century of Hijri year . Ibn Taymiyya's doctrinal positions, such as his Takfir (declaration of unbelief) of the Mongol Ilkhanates , allowing jihad against other self-professed Muslims, were referenced by Islamic social movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood to justify social uprisings against contemporary governments across the Muslim world . Theology and Creed wahabi Islam . Ibn Taymiyya’s use of Ibn Rushd to refute the incorporealism of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī. Al Ghouz (Ed.), Islamic Philosophy from the 12th till the 14th Century (469-492). Yet Ibn Taymiyya remained unconvinced and issued three controversial fatwas to justify revolt against mongol rule. All his works are full of condemnation of philosophy and yet he was a great philosopher himself. Identifying him, especially in regards to his comprehensive view, as a true philosopher, they describe him as an equal to or even superseding the most famous medieval Muslim philosophers. "Making Sense of Salafism: Theological foundations, ideological iterations and political manifestations". The Routledge handbook of Religion, Politics and Ideology . His denouncement of both the (high-church) ʿulamāʾ‎ of the rival theological schools—particularly the Ash'aris, even as he muddied the waters by calling them anachronistic names such as 'Jahmis' after the heterodox theologian Jahm Ibn Safwan (d. 745)—and (low-church) folk religion steeped in local understandings of Sufism, earned him the authorities' wrath. He was imprisoned on charges of corporealism (tajsīm) and likening the attributes of God to those of His creation (tashbīḥ), a dual charge that his followers from Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (1292–1350) onwards have also faced. A key aspect of the legacy of Ibn Taymiyya is his opposition to the two dominant schools of Sunni theology (kalam), Ashaʿrism and Maturidism Nettler, Ronald L. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World . He incurred the wrath of some Shāfiʿī and other ʿulamāʿ (religious scholars) and theologians for some of his teachings on theology and law. He was persecuted and imprisoned in Syria and Egypt, for his tashbīh (anthropomorphism), several of his rulings derived through ijtihād (independent reason), and his idiosyncratic legal judgments Haynes, Jeffrey; S. "Making Sense of Salafism: Theological foundations, ideological iterations and political manifestations". The Routledge handbook of Religion, Politics and Ideology . What might be referred to as 'proto-Salafism', or creedal Salafism (al-salafiyya al-iʿtiqādīyya), became emblematic in the scholarship of the fourteenth-century imam Taqi al-Din Ahmad Ibn 'Abd al-Halim al-Harrani (1263–1328)—better known by his matronymic Ibn Taymiyya—the most important medieval reference for contemporary Salafism El-Tobgui, Carl Sharif (2022). Ibn Taymiyya on reason and revelation : a study of Darʾ ta'āruḍ al-ʻaql wa-l-naql . Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research . The most voluminous and vociferous intellectual opposition to the use of philosophical argumentation to establish religious doctrine was to come in the writings of Shaykh al-Islām Ibn Taymīyyah.. al-Jamil, Tariq (2010). In Ahmed, Shahab; Rapoport, Yossef (eds.). Ibn Taymiyya and His Times . Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam . "Making Sense of Salafism: Theological foundations, ideological iterations and political manifestations". The Routledge handbook of Religion, Politics and Ideology . "Making Sense of Salafism: Theological foundations, ideological iterations and political manifestations". The Routledge handbook of Religion, Politics and Ideology . The Oxford Dictionary of Islam . Tied Islam to politics and state formation... Issued fatwas against the Mongols as unbelievers at heart despite public claims to be Muslim... His authority has been used by some twentieth-century Islamist groups to declare jihad against ruling governments. Islamic Radicalism and Global Jihad . There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).

Islamic scholar and jurist (1263–1328) Ibn Taymiyya ( Arabic : ٱبْن تَيْمِيَّة ; 22 January 1263 – 26 September 1328) was a Sunni Muslim scholar , jurist , traditionist , Sufi , Qadiri , proto-Salafi theologian and iconoclast . He is known for his diplomatic involvement with the Ilkhanid ruler Ghazan Khan at the Battle of Marj al-Saffar , which ended the Mongol invasions of the Levant . A legal jurist of the Hanbali school , Ibn Taymiyya's condemnation of numerous Sufi practices associated with saint veneration and visitation of tombs made him a controversial figure with many rulers and scholars of the time, which caused him to be imprisoned several times as a result. A polarizing figure in his own times and the centuries that followed, Ibn Taymiyya has emerged as one of the most influential medieval scholars in late modern Sunni Islam. He is also noteworthy for engaging in fierce religious polemics that attacked various schools of speculative theology , primarily Ash'arism and Maturidism , while defending the doctrines of Atharism . This prompted rival clerics and state authorities to accuse Ibn Taymiyya and his disciples of anthropomorphism , which eventually led to the censoring of his works and subsequent incarceration. Nevertheless, Ibn Taymiyya's numerous treatises that advocate for al-salafiyya al-iʿtiqādiyya , based on his scholarly interpretations of the Quran and prophetic way , constitute the most popular classical reference for later Salafi movements. Throughout his treatises, Ibn Taymiyya asserted there is no contradiction between reason and revelation, and denounced the usage of philosophy as a pre-requisite in seeking religious truth. As a cleric who viewed Shiism as a source of corruption in Muslim societies, Ibn Taymiyya was also known for his anti-Shia polemics throughout treatises such as Minhaj al-Sunna , wherein he denounced the Imami Shia creed as heretical . He issued a ruling to wage jihad against the Shias of Kisrawan and personally fought in the Kisrawan campaigns himself, accusing Shias of acting as the fifth-columnists of the Frank Crusaders and Mongol Ilkhanids. Within recent history, Ibn Taymiyya has been widely regarded as a major scholarly influence in militant Islamist movements, such as Salafi jihadism . Major aspects of his teachings, such as upholding the pristine monotheism of the early Muslim generations and campaigns to uproot what he regarded as polytheism , had a profound influence on Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab , the founder of the Wahhabism reform movement formed in the Arabian Peninsula, as well as other later Sunni scholars. Syrian Salafi theologian Muhammad Rashid Rida , one of the major modern proponents of Ibn Taymiyya's works, designated him as the Mujaddid of the 7th Islamic century . Ibn Taymiyya's doctrinal positions, such as his excommunication of the Mongol Ilkhanids and allowing jihad against other Muslims, were referenced by later Islamist political movements, including the Muslim Brotherhood , Hizb ut-Tahrir , al-Qaeda , and Islamic State , to justify social uprisings against the contemporary governments of the Muslim world . Ibn Taymiyya has been accused of being anti-Sufi, based on selective and out-of-context use of some of his writings by fundamentalist movements. While he sometimes held radical positions and Ibn Taymiyya criticized certain practices or ideas he considered deviations, he acknowledged that Sufism is an integral part of Islam and praised many Sufi masters. It was even claimed that he himself was affiliated with the Qadiriyya order. Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam . Ibn Taymiyya's use of Ibn Rushd to refute the incorporealism of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī. Al Ghouz (Ed.), Islamic Philosophy from the 12th till the 14th Century (469-492). Yet Ibn Taymiyya remained unconvinced and issued three controversial fatwas to justify revolt against mongol rule. All his works are full of condemnation of philosophy and yet he was a great philosopher himself. Identifying him, especially in regards to his comprehensive view, as a true philosopher, they describe him as an equal to or even superseding the most famous medieval Muslim philosophers. "Making Sense of Salafism: Theological foundations, ideological iterations and political manifestations". The Routledge handbook of Religion, Politics and Ideology . His denouncement of both the (high-church) ʿulamāʾ of the rival theological schools—particularly the Ash'aris, even as he muddied the waters by calling them anachronistic names such as 'Jahmis' after the heterodox theologian Jahm Ibn Safwan (d. 745)—and (low-church) folk religion steeped in local understandings of Sufism, earned him the authorities' wrath. He was imprisoned on charges of corporealism (tajsīm) and likening the attributes of God to those of His creation (tashbīḥ), a dual charge that his followers from Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (1292–1350) onwards have also faced. A key aspect of the legacy of Ibn Taymiyya is his opposition to the two dominant schools of Sunni theology (kalam), Ashaʿrism and Maturidism Nettler, Ronald L. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World . He incurred the wrath of some Shāfiʿī and other ʿulamāʿ (religious scholars) and theologians for some of his teachings on theology and law. He was persecuted and imprisoned in Syria and Egypt, for his tashbīh (anthropomorphism), several of his rulings derived through ijtihād (independent reason), and his idiosyncratic legal judgments Haynes, Jeffrey; S. "Making Sense of Salafism: Theological foundations, ideological iterations and political manifestations". The Routledge handbook of Religion, Politics and Ideology . What might be referred to as 'proto-Salafism', or creedal Salafism (al-salafiyya al-iʿtiqādīyya), became emblematic in the scholarship of the fourteenth-century imam Taqi al-Din Ahmad Ibn 'Abd al-Halim al-Harrani (1263–1328)—better known by his matronymic Ibn Taymiyya—the most important medieval reference for contemporary Salafism El-Tobgui, Carl Sharif (2022). Ibn Taymiyya on reason and revelation : a study of Darʾ ta'āruḍ al-ʻaql wa-l-naql . Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research . The most voluminous and vociferous intellectual opposition to the use of philosophical argumentation to establish religious doctrine was to come in the writings of Shaykh al-Islām Ibn Taymīyyah.. al-Jamil, Tariq (2010). In Ahmed, Shahab; Rapoport, Yossef (eds.). Ibn Taymiyya and His Times . Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam . "Making Sense of Salafism: Theological foundations, ideological iterations and political manifestations". The Routledge handbook of Religion, Politics and Ideology . "Making Sense of Salafism: Theological foundations, ideological iterations and political manifestations". The Routledge handbook of Religion, Politics and Ideology . The Oxford Dictionary of Islam . Tied Islam to politics and state formation... Issued fatwas against the Mongols as unbelievers at heart despite public claims to be Muslim... His authority has been used by some twentieth-century Islamist groups to declare jihad against ruling governments. Islamic Radicalism and Global Jihad . [Henri Laoust], Essay on the social and political doctrines of Taḳī-d-Dīn Aḥmad b. There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).