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Israel–United States relations

The word “disputed” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak in October 6, 2023. Today the opening carries none, and neither does the rest of the article, references included.

Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.

Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-02. “disputed” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak. Today it appears nowhere in the article, references included.

We saved snapshots of this article over twenty years; you are reading the October 6, 2023 one. Red dashes: removed from Wikipedia since. Pale dots: rewritten; the numbered note shows what it says now. ¹ tap a number or a side note to jump between them

The opening as it read in October 6, 2023

Bilateral relations Since the 1960s, the United States has been a very strong supporter of Israel .¹ It has played a key role in the promotion of good relations between Israel and its neighbouring Arab states —namely Jordan , Lebanon , Egypt , along with several others in the 2020 Abraham Accords —while also holding off hostility from other Middle Eastern countries such as Syria and Iran .² Relations with Israel are a very important factor in the U.S. government 's overall foreign policy in the Middle East , and the U.S.³ Congress has likewise placed considerable importance on the maintenance of a close and supportive relationship.⁴ Israel is the largest cumulative recipient of U.S. foreign aid: until February 2022, the United States had provided Israel US$150 billion (non-inflation-adjusted) in bilateral assistance.⁵ In 1999, the US government signed a Memorandum of Understanding through which it committed to providing Israel with at least US$2.67 billion in military aid annually, for the following ten years; in 2009, the annual amount was raised to US$3 billion; and in 2019, the amount was raised again, now standing at a minimum of US $3.8 billion that the US is committed to providing Israel each year. Since 1972, the United States has also extended loan guarantees – a form of indirect U.S. assistance to Israel, as they enable Israel to borrow from commercial US banks at lower rates – to Israel to assist with housing shortages, Israel’s absorption of new Jewish immigrants and its economic recovery following the 2000-2003 recession, caused in part by the Second Intifada . Moreover, the United States is Israel's largest trading partner, and Israel is the United States' 25th-largest trading partner; two-way trade totaled some $36 billion in 2013. Bilateral trade increased to nearly $50 billion by 2023.⁶ In addition to financial and military aid, the United States also provides large-scale political support to Israel, having used its United Nations Security Council veto power 42 times against resolutions condemning Israel , out of a total 83 times in which its veto has ever been used.⁷ Between 1991 and 2011, out of the 24 vetoes invoked by the United States, 15 were used to protect Israel. The United States' readiness to stand on behalf of Israel has been linked to the influence of pro-Israeli lobbies in U.S. politics, most notably AIPAC .⁸ Bilateral relations have evolved from an initial American policy of sympathy and support for the creation of a Jewish homeland in 1948, to a partnership that links a small but powerful Israeli state with an American superpower attempting to balance influence against other competing interests in the region, namely those of Russia and its allies.⁹ Some analysts maintain that Israel is a strategic ally for the United States, and that relations with the former will strengthen the latter's influence in the Middle East. Israel is designated by the United States as a major non-NATO ally , and was the first country to be granted this status alongside Egypt in 1987; Israel and Egypt remain the only countries in the Middle East to have this designation.¹⁰ Then senator Jesse Helms , argued that the military foothold offered by Israel in the region alone justified the expense of American military aid; referring to Israel as "America's aircraft carrier in the Middle East". As of 2021 , the United States remains the only permanent member of the United Nations Security Council to have recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel , and moved its embassy to the disputed city from Tel Aviv in 2018.¹¹ The United States is also the only country to have recognized the Golan Heights (designated as Israeli-occupied Syrian territory by the United Nations ) as non-occupied Israeli sovereign territory, doing so via a presidential proclamation under the Trump administration in 2019. However, under the subsequent Biden administration , the U.S. State Department ’s annual report on human rights violations around the world once more refers to the West Bank , Gaza Strip , East Jerusalem , and the Golan Heights as territories that are occupied by Israel. Nevertheless, in June 2021, in response to a claim by The Washington Free Beacon that it had "walked back" its recognition, the Near Eastern Affairs account of the U.S. State Department tweeted that "U.S. policy regarding the Golan has not changed, and reports to the contrary are false." US Foreign Aid to Israel . The New York Times . The New York Times . The Times of Israel .¹²

This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 1169165161.

The opening as it stood in 2010

Bilateral relations Israel – United States relations are an important factor in the United States government 's overall policy in the Middle East . The United States Congress places considerable importance on the maintenance of a close and supportive relationship with Israel . The main expression of Congressional support for Israel has been foreign aid, with Israel being the largest recipient of US aid from 1976 to 2004; Aid to Israel has been surpassed by aid to Iraq, following the 2003 invasion . Congress monitors this aid closely, along with other issues in bilateral relations. Congressional concerns have affected different administrations' policies over the last 60 years. Bilateral relations have evolved from an initial US policy of sympathy and support for the creation of a Jewish homeland in 1948 to an unusual partnership that links a small but militarily powerful Israel, dependent on the United States for its economic and military strength, with the US superpower trying to balance competing interests in the region. Some in the United States question the levels of aid and general commitment to Israel, and argue that a US bias toward Israel operates at the expense of improved US relations with various Arab and Muslim governments. Others maintain that Israel is a strategic ally, and that US relations with Israel strengthen the US presence in the Middle East. Israel is one of the United States' two original major non-NATO allies in the Middle East. Currently, there are seven major non-NATO allies in the Greater Middle East . US-Israeli relations came under strain in March 2010, as Israel announced it was building 1,600 new homes in occupied East Jerusalem as Vice President Joe Biden was visiting. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton described the move as "insulting". Foreign Aid to Israel (Adapted from the summary of a report by Jeremy M.

Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 370202585.

The opening as it stood in 2015 4 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear

Bilateral relations Israel–United States relations are a very important factor in the United States government 's overall policy in the Middle East , and Congress has placed considerable importance on the maintenance of a close and supportive relationship. The main expression of Congressional support for Israel has been foreign aid. Since 1985, it has provided nearly $3 billion in grants annually to Israel, with Israel being the largest annual recipient of American aid from 1976 to 2004 and the largest cumulative recipient of aid ($121 billion, not inflation-adjusted) since World War II. Seventy-four percent of these funds must be spent purchasing US goods and services. More recently, in fiscal year 2014, the US provided $3.9 billion in foreign military aid to Israel. Israel also benefits from about $8 billion of loan guarantees. Congress has monitored the aid issue closely along with other issues in bilateral relations, and its concerns have affected Administrations' policies. Almost all US aid to Israel is now in the form of military assistance, while in the past it also received significant economic assistance. Strong congressional support for Israel has resulted in Israel receiving benefits not available to other countries. In addition to financial and military aid, the United States also provides political support to Israel, having used its United Nations Security Council veto power 42 times with respect to resolutions relating to Israel, out of a total 83 times in which its veto has ever been used. Between 1991 and 2011, 15 vetos were used to protect Israel out of 24 in total. Bilateral relations have evolved from an initial US policy of sympathy and support for the creation of a Jewish homeland in 1948 to an unusual partnership that links a small but militarily powerful Israel, dependent on the United States for its economic and military strength, with the American superpower trying to balance other competing interests in the region. Others maintain that Israel is a strategic ally, and that US relations with Israel strengthen the US presence in the Middle East. Israel is one of the United States' two original major non-NATO allies in the Middle East. Late Republican Senator Jesse Helms used to call Israel "America's aircraft carrier in the Middle East", when explaining why the United States viewed Israel as such a strategic ally, saying that the military foothold in the region offered by the Jewish State alone justified the military aid that the United States grants Israel every year. Currently, there are seven major non-NATO allies in the Greater Middle East . Israeli-United States Relations (Adapted from a report by Clyde R. Updated 17 October 2002) US Foreign Aid to Israel (Adapted from the summary of a report by Jeremy M.

Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 666566908.

The opening as it stood in 2020 4 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear

international relationship between Israel and the United States international relationship between Israel and the United States Bilateral relations Israel–United States relations refers to the bilateral relationship between Israel and the United States . Since the 1960s the United States has been very strong supporter of Israel, and promoted good relations between Israel and Jordan, Lebanon and Egypt, while holding off the hostility from other Middle Eastern nations, especially Syria and Iran. The relations are a very important factor in the United States government 's overall policy in the Middle East , and Congress has placed considerable importance on the maintenance of a close and supportive relationship. Since 1985, the United States has provided nearly US$3 billion in grants annually to Israel, with Israel being the largest annual recipient of American aid from 1976 to 2004 and the largest cumulative recipient of aid ($142.3 billion, not inflation-adjusted) since World War II . Seventy-four percent of these funds must be spent purchasing US goods and services. More recently, in fiscal year 2019, the US provided $3.8 billion in foreign military aid to Israel. Israel also benefits from about $8 billion of loan guarantees. Almost all US aid to Israel is now in the form of military assistance , while in the past it also received significant economic assistance. Strong congressional support for Israel has resulted in Israel receiving benefits not available to other countries. In addition to financial and military aid, the United States also provides political support to Israel, having used its United Nations Security Council veto power 42 times with respect to resolutions relating to Israel, out of a total 83 times in which its veto has ever been used. Between 1991 and 2011, 15 vetos were used to protect Israel out of 24 in total. Bilateral relations have evolved from an initial US policy of sympathy and support for the creation of a Jewish homeland in 1948 to an unusual partnership that links a small but militarily powerful Israel, dependent on the United States for its economic and military strength, with the American superpower trying to balance other competing interests in the region, including Russia 's intentions. Others maintain that Israel is a strategic ally, and that US relations with Israel strengthen the US presence in the Middle East. Israel is one of the United States' two original major non-NATO allies in the Middle East. Late Republican Senator Jesse Helms used to call Israel "America's aircraft carrier in the Middle East", when explaining why the United States viewed Israel as such a strategic ally, saying that the military foothold in the region offered by the Jewish State alone justified the military aid that the United States grants Israel every year. Currently, there are seven major non-NATO allies in the Greater Middle East .

Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 964877583.

The opening as it stood in 2025 17 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear

( Learn how and when to remove this message ) Bilateral relations A U.S. color guard bears the American and Israeli flags during a visit by Benny Gantz to the Pentagon , 2015 Since the 1960s, the relationship between Israel and the United States has grown into a close alliance in economic, strategic and military aspects. The U.S. has provided strong support for Israel and has played a key role in the promotion of good relations between Israel and its neighbouring Arab states while holding off hostility from countries like Iran . In turn, Israel provides a strategic American foothold in the region as well as intelligence and advanced technological partnerships. Israel was seen as a counterweight to Soviet influence in the region during the Cold War . Relations with Israel are an important factor in the United States foreign policy in the Middle East . Israel is the largest cumulative recipient of U.S. foreign aid : up to February 2022, the U.S. had provided Israel US$150 billion (non-inflation-adjusted) in assistance. The United States' first free trade agreement was with Israel, in 1985 . In 1999, the U.S. government signed a commitment to provide Israel with at least US$2.7 billion in military aid annually for ten years; in 2009 it was raised to $3 billion; and in 2019 raised to a minimum of US $3.8 billion . Since 1972, the U.S. has also extended loan guarantees to Israel to assist with housing shortages, absorption of new Jewish immigrants and economic recovery. In addition to financial and military aid, the U.S. provides large-scale political support, having used its United Nations Security Council veto power 42 times against resolutions condemning Israel , out of 83 times in which its veto has been used. Between 1991 and 2011, out of the 24 vetoes invoked by the U.S., 15 were used to protect Israel. As of 2021 , the United States remains the only permanent member of the United Nations Security Council to have recognized the Golan Heights as non-occupied Israeli sovereign territory, recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel , and moved its embassy there from Tel Aviv in 2018. Israel is designated by the United States as a major non-NATO ally . Bilateral relations have developed from an early American policy of sympathy and support for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in 1948 to a partnership that connects the United States – a superpower seeking to balance competing interests in the Middle East – with Israel, a small but militarily powerful nation. Late U.S senator Jesse Helms argued that the military foothold offered by Israel justifies the expense of American military aid, referring to Israel as "America's aircraft carrier in the Middle East". US Foreign Aid to Israel . S.-Israeli relations have evolved from an initial American policy of sympathy and support for the creation of a Jewish homeland in 1948 to an unusual partnership that links a small but militarily powerful Israel, dependent on the United States for its economic and military strength, with the U. S. superpower trying to balance competing interests in the region. Some in the United States question the levels of aid and general commitment to Israel, and argue that a U. S. bias toward Israel operates at the expense of improved U. S. relations with various Arab states. Others maintain that democratic Israel is a strategic ally, and that U. S. relations with Israel strengthens the U. S. presence in the Middle East.

Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1296449606. This is our newest snapshot; the live article may have moved again since.

Today

“disputed” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak. Today it appears nowhere in the article, references included. Read the current article and compare.

Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
	2010	2015	2020	Oct '23	2025
disputed	0	0	0	1	0

What Wikipedia says this is

Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined between 2010 and 2015.

Then

important factor in the united states government 's overall policy in the middle east

Now

very important factor in the united states government 's overall policy in the middle east

Sections that no longer exist

Present on 6 October 2023, absent today. A heading can vanish because the section was deleted or because it was renamed or merged, and we have not separated those here, so treat this as a list of what to check rather than a verdict.

Trump administration (2017–2021) 2,011 characters
Biden administration (2021–present) 3,307 characters

1. Removed: “Bilateral relations Since the 1960s, the United States has been a very…” In the article until October 6, 2023 (rev), gone by 2025 (rev).

2. Rewrote: “It has played a key role in the promotion of good relations…” In the article until October 6, 2023 (rev), changed by 2025 (rev). Now reads: “The U.S. has provided strong support for Israel and has played a key role in the promotion of good relations between Israel…”

3. Rewrote: “Relations with Israel are a very important factor in the U.S. government…” Changed after our 2025 snapshot. Now reads: “Relations with Israel are an important factor in the United States foreign policy in the Middle East .”

4. Removed: “Congress has likewise placed considerable importance on the maintenance of a close…” In the article until October 6, 2023 (rev), gone by 2025 (rev).

5. Rewrote: “Israel is the largest cumulative recipient of U.S. foreign aid: until February…” Changed after our 2025 snapshot. Now reads: “Israel is the largest cumulative recipient of U.S. foreign aid : up to February 2022, the U.S. had provided Israel US$150 billion…”

6. Removed 4 sentences: “In 1999, the US government signed a Memorandum of Understanding through which…” In the article until October 6, 2023 (rev), gone by 2025 (rev).

7. Rewrote: “In addition to financial and military aid, the United States also provides…” Changed after our 2025 snapshot. Now reads: “In addition to financial and military aid, the U.S. provides large-scale political support, having used its United Nations Security Council veto power…”

8. Removed: “The United States' readiness to stand on behalf of Israel has been…” In the article until October 6, 2023 (rev), gone by 2025 (rev).

9. Rewrote: “Bilateral relations have evolved from an initial American policy of sympathy and…” Changed after our 2025 snapshot. Now reads: “S.-Israeli relations have evolved from an initial American policy of sympathy and support for the creation of a Jewish homeland in 1948…”

10. Removed 2 sentences: “Some analysts maintain that Israel is a strategic ally for the United…” In the article until October 6, 2023 (rev), gone by 2025 (rev).

11. Rewrote 2 sentences: “…and moved its embassy to the disputed city from Tel Aviv in 2018.” Changed after our 2025 snapshot. Now reads: “Late U.S senator Jesse Helms argued that the military foothold offered by Israel justifies the expense of American military aid, referring to…”

12. Removed 8 sentences: “The United States is also the only country to have recognized the…” In the article until October 6, 2023 (rev), gone by 2025 (rev).

Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.

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