Jerusalem Talmud

Halakhic Midrash Aggadic Midrash Targum v t e The Jerusalem Talmud or Talmud Yerushalmi ( ), often the Yerushalmi for short, is a collection of Rabbinic notes about the Jewish Oral tradition as detailed in the 2nd-century Mishnah . Other descriptions are Talmud de-Eretz Yisrael (Talmud of the Land of Israel) or, in some scholarly literature, Palestinian Talmud : these names are considered more accurate by some because, while the work was certainly composed in "the West" (i.e. the Holy Land), it originates from Galilee rather than Jerusalem. The Jerusalem Talmud predates its counterpart, the Babylonian Talmud , by about 200 years and is written in both Hebrew and Jewish Palestinian Aramaic . It includes the core component, the Mishna , finalized by Rabbi Judah the Prince (c. 200 CE) along with the written discussions of generations of rabbis in the Land of Israel (primarily in the academies of Tiberias and Caesarea ) which was compiled c. 350 - 400 CE into a series of books that became the Gemara ( גמרא – from gamar : Hebrew "[to] complete"; Aramaic "[to] study"). The Gemara, when combined with the Mishnah, completes the Talmud. There are two recensions of the Gemara, one compiled by the scholars of the Land of Israel and the other by those of Babylonia (primarily in the academies of Sura and Pumbedita , completed c. 500 CE). The Babylonian Talmud is often seen as more authoritative and is studied much more than the Jerusalem Talmud. In general, the terms "Gemara" or "Talmud," without further qualification, refer to the Babylonian recension.

Halakhic Midrash Aggadic Midrash Targum v t e The Jerusalem Talmud ( , Talmud Yerushalmi , often Yerushalmi for short) is a collection of Rabbinic notes on the 2nd-century Jewish oral tradition know as the Mishnah . Talmud meanings "instruction", "learning." The Jerusalem Talmud was compiled in the Land of Israel during the 4th-5th centuries CE, then divided between the Byzantine provinces of Palaestina Prima and Palaestina Secunda . The Jerusalem Talmud is also known as the Palestinian Talmud or Talmud de-Eretz Yisrael (Talmud of the Land of Israel). These latter names are considered more accurate by some because, while the work was certainly composed in "the West" (i.e. the Holy Land ), it originates from the Galilee area rather than from Jerusalem . The Jerusalem Talmud predates its counterpart, the Babylonian Talmud (also known as the Talmud Bavli ), by about 200 years and is written in both Hebrew and Jewish Palestinian Aramaic . It includes the core component, the Mishna , finalized by Rabbi Judah the Prince (c. 200 CE ) along with the written discussions of generations of rabbis in the Land of Israel (primarily in the academies of Tiberias and Caesarea ) which was compiled c. 350-400 CE into a series of books that became the Gemara ( גמרא ; from gamar : Hebrew "[to] complete"; Aramaic "[to] study"). The Gemara, when combined with the Mishnah, constitutes the Talmud. There are two recensions of the Gemara, one compiled by the scholars of the Land of Israel and the other by those of Babylonia (primarily in the academies of Sura and Pumbedita , completed c. 500 CE). The Babylonian Talmud is often seen as more authoritative and is studied much more than the Jerusalem Talmud. In general, the terms "Gemara" or "Talmud," without further qualification, refer to the Babylonian recension. The Palestinian Talmud emerged primarily from the activity of the sages of Tiberias and Sepphoris, with some input, perhaps entire tractates, from the sages of the "south" (Lydda, modern Lod) and the coastal plain, most notably Caesarea."

Halakhic Midrash Aggadic Midrash Targum v t e The Jerusalem Talmud ( , Talmud Yerushalmi , often Yerushalmi for short), also known as the Palestinian Talmud or Talmuda de-Eretz Yisrael (Talmud of the Land of Israel ), is a collection of Rabbinic notes on the second-century Jewish oral tradition known as the Mishnah . Naming this version of the Talmud after the Land of Israel rather than Jerusalem is considered more accurate by some, as while the work was certainly composed in "the West" (as seen from Babylonia ), i.e. in the Holy Land , it mainly originates from the Galilee rather than from Jerusalem in Judea , as no Jews lived in Jerusalem at this time. The Jerusalem Talmud was compiled in the Land of Israel, then divided between the Byzantine provinces of Palaestina Prima and Palaestina Secunda , and was brought to an end sometime around 400. The Jerusalem Talmud predates its counterpart, the Babylonian Talmud (known in Hebrew as the Talmud Bavli ), by about 200 years, and is written in both Hebrew and Jewish Palestinian Aramaic . The word Talmud itself is often defined as "instruction". Both versions of the Talmud comprise two parts, the Mishnah (of which there is only one version), which was finalized by Judah the Prince around the year 200 CE, and either the Babylonian or the Jerusalem Gemara . The Gemara is what differentiates the Jerusalem Talmud from its Babylonian counterpart. The Jerusalem Gemara contains the written discussions of generations of rabbis in the Land of Israel (primarily in the academies of Tiberias and Caesarea ), compiled c. 350-400 CE into a series of books. The Babylonian Gemara , which is the second recension of the Mishnah , was compiled by the scholars of Babylonia (primarily in the Talmudic academies of Sura and Pumbedita ), and was completed c. 500. The Babylonian Talmud is often seen as more authoritative and is studied much more than the Jerusalem Talmud. In general, the terms "Gemara" or "Talmud," without further qualification, refer to the Babylonian recension. Additionally, the Babylonian manuscripts were copied and distributed nearly complete through the Middle Ages, while the "Jerusalem" version was rare, and several portions were lost. In Jacob Neusner (ed.). Vol. 2, The Palestinian and Babylonian Talmuds . Although it is popularly known as the Jerusalem Talmud (Talmud Yerushalmi), a more accurate name for this text is either "Palestinian Talmud" or "Talmud of the Land of Israel." Indeed, for most of the amoraic age, under both Rome and Byzantium, Jews were prohibited from living in the holy city, and the centers of Jewish population had shifted northwards... The Palestinian Talmud emerged primarily from the activity of the sages of Tiberias and Sepphoris, with some input, perhaps entire tractates , from the sages of the "south" (Lydda, modern Lod) and the coastal plain, most notably Caesarea. : Invalid |ref=harv ( help ) "Talmud" . Origin of TALMUD Late Hebrew talmūdh, literally, instruction

Talmud that was written in Palestine Halakhic Midrash Aggadic Midrash Targum v t e The Jerusalem Talmud ( , often Yerushalmi for short) or Palestinian Talmud , also known as the Talmud of the Land of Israel , is a collection of rabbinic notes on the second-century Jewish oral tradition known as the Mishnah . Naming this version of the Talmud after Palestine or the Land of Israel —rather than Jerusalem —is considered more accurate, as the text originated mainly from Galilee in Byzantine Palaestina Secunda rather than from Jerusalem, where no Jews lived at the time. The Jerusalem Talmud predates its counterpart, the Babylonian Talmud (known in Hebrew as the Talmud Bavli ), by about 200 years, and is written primarily in Jewish Palestinian Aramaic . Both versions of the Talmud have two parts, the Mishnah (of which there is only one version), which was finalized by Judah ha-Nasi around the year 200 CE, and either the Babylonian or the Jerusalem Gemara . The Gemara is what differentiates the Jerusalem Talmud from its Babylonian counterpart. The Jerusalem Gemara contains the written discussions of generations of rabbis of the Talmudic Academies in Syria Palaestina at Tiberias and Caesarea , and was compiled into book form in around 350–400 CE. In Jacob Neusner (ed.). Vol. 2, The Palestinian and Babylonian Talmuds . Structure and Form in the Babylonian Talmud . Although it is popularly known as the Jerusalem Talmud (Talmud Yerushalmi), a more accurate name for this text is either "Palestinian Talmud" or "Talmud of the Land of Israel." Indeed, for most of the amoraic age, under both Rome and Byzantium, Jews were prohibited from living in the holy city, and the centers of Jewish population had shifted northwards... The Palestinian Talmud emerged primarily from the activity of the sages of Tiberias and Sepphoris, with some input, perhaps entire tractates , from the sages of the "south" (Lydda, modern Lod) and the coastal plain, most notably Caesarea.

Talmud that was compiled in Southern Levant ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) A page of a medieval Jerusalem Talmud manuscript, from the Cairo Geniza . Halakhic Midrash Aggadic Midrash Targum v t e The Jerusalem Talmud ( Hebrew : תַּלְמוּד יְרוּשַׁלְמִי , romanized : Talmud Yerushalmi , often Yerushalmi for short) or Palestinian Talmud , also known as the Talmud of the Land of Israel , is a collection of rabbinic notes on the second-century Jewish oral tradition known as the Mishnah . Naming this version of the Talmud after Palestine or the Land of Israel —rather than Jerusalem —is considered more accurate, as the text originated mainly from Galilee in Byzantine Palaestina Secunda rather than from Jerusalem, where no Jews were allowed to live at the time. The Jerusalem Talmud predates its counterpart, the Babylonian Talmud (known in Hebrew as the Talmud Bavli ), by about a century. It was written primarily in Galilean Aramaic . It was compiled between the late fourth century to the first half of the fifth century. Both versions of the Talmud have two parts, the Mishnah (of which there is only one version), which was finalized by Judah ha-Nasi around the year 200 CE, and either the Babylonian or the Jerusalem Gemara . The Gemara is what differentiates the Jerusalem Talmud from its Babylonian counterpart. The Jerusalem Gemara contains the written discussions of generations of rabbis of the Talmudic academies in Syria Palaestina at Tiberias and Caesarea . In Jacob Neusner (ed.). Vol. 2, The Palestinian and Babylonian Talmuds . Structure and Form in the Babylonian Talmud . Although it is popularly known as the Jerusalem Talmud (Talmud Yerushalmi), a more accurate name for this text is "Talmud of the Land of Israel." Indeed, for most of the amoraic age, under both Rome and Byzantium, Jews were prohibited from living in the holy city, and the centers of Jewish population had shifted northwards... The Palestinian Talmud emerged primarily from the activity of the sages of Tiberias and Sepphoris, with some input, perhaps entire tractates , from the sages of the "south" (Lydda, modern Lod) and the coastal plain, most notably Caesarea.