Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon

The French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon (also known as the French Mandate for Syria ) was a League of Nations mandate created after the First World War and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire . During the two years that followed the end of the war in 1918, and according to the Sykes-Picot Agreement which was signed between Britain and France during the war, the British held control of the Ottoman province of Mesopotamia ( Iraq ) and the southern part of the Ottoman province of Syria ( Palestine and Jordan ), while the French controlled the rest of Ottoman Syria (modern Syria , Lebanon , and Hatay province of Turkey ). During the first years of the 1920s, the British and French control of these territories became formalized by the League of Nations ' mandate system, and France was assigned the mandate of Syria in September 29, 1923, which included modern Lebanon and Hatay (Alexandretta) in addition to modern Syria . The French mandate of Syria lasted until 1943, when two independent countries emerged from the mandate period, Syria and Lebanon, in addition to Hatay which had joined Turkey in 1939 following a referendum. French troops left Syria and Lebanon finally in 1946.

Further information: Modern history of Syria , State of Syria (1924–1930) , Syrian Republic (1930–1958) , State of Greater Lebanon , Alawite State , and Jabal ad-Druze (state) Officially, the Mandate for Syria and Lebanon (1923−1946), ( ), was a League of Nations mandate founded after the First World War and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire . During the two years that followed the end of the war in 1918 – and in accordance with the Sykes-Picot Agreement that was signed between Britain and France during the war – the British held control of most Ottoman Mesopotamia (modern Iraq ) and the southern part of the Ottoman Syria ( Palestine and Transjordan ), while the French controlled the rest of Ottoman Syria (modern Syria , Lebanon , Alexandretta ) and other portions of southeastern Turkey. In early 1920s, the British and French control of these territories became formalized by the League of Nations ' mandate system, and France was assigned the League of Nations mandate of Syria on 29 September 1923, which included the territory of present day Lebanon and Alexandretta (Hatay) in addition to Syria proper. The administration of the region under the French was carried out through a number of different territories, including the Syrian Federation (1922–24), the State of Syria (1924–30) and the Syrian Republic (from 1930), as well as the smaller states of the State of Greater Lebanon , the Alawite State and Jabal Druze State . The French mandate of Syria lasted until 1943, when two independent countries emerged from the mandate period, Syria and Lebanon, in addition to Hatay , which had joined Turkey in 1939. French troops completely left Syria and Lebanon in 1946.

Former country Contemporary 1922 map showing the borders between the Syrian states The Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon ( ; al-intidāb al-fransi 'ala suriya wa-lubnān ) (1923−1946) was a League of Nations mandate founded after the First World War and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire concerning Syria and Lebanon . The mandate system was supposed to differ from colonialism, with the governing country acting as a trustee until the inhabitants would be able to stand on their own. At that point, the mandate would terminate and an independent state would be born. During the two years that followed the end of the war in 1918—and in accordance with the Sykes–Picot Agreement signed by Britain and France during the war—the British held control of most of Ottoman Mesopotamia (modern Iraq ) and the southern part of Ottoman Syria ( Palestine and Transjordan ), while the French controlled the rest of Ottoman Syria, Lebanon, Alexandretta (Hatay) and other portions of southeastern Turkey. In the early 1920s, British and French control of these territories became formalized by the League of Nations ' mandate system, and on 29 September 1923 France was assigned the League of Nations mandate of Syria, which included the territory of present-day Lebanon and Alexandretta in addition to Syria proper. The administration of the region under the French was carried out through a number of different governments and territories, including the Syrian Federation (1922–24), the State of Syria (1924–30) and the Syrian Republic (1930–1958) , as well as smaller states: the State of Greater Lebanon , the Alawite State and Jabal Druze State . Hatay was annexed by Turkey in 1939. The French mandate lasted until 1943, when two independent countries emerged, Syria and Lebanon. French troops completely left Syria and Lebanon in 1946.

League of Nations mandate of France in the Middle East (1923–1946) The Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon ( ; , also referred to as the Levant States ; 1923−1946) was a League of Nations mandate founded in the aftermath of the First World War and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire , concerning Syria and Lebanon . The mandate system was supposed to differ from colonialism , with the governing country intended to act as a trustee until the inhabitants were considered eligible for self-government . At that point, the mandate would terminate and an independent state would be born. During the two years that followed the end of the war in 1918—and in accordance with the Sykes–Picot Agreement signed by Britain and France during the war—the British held control of most of Ottoman Mesopotamia (modern Iraq ) and the southern part of Ottoman Syria ( Palestine and Transjordan ), while the French controlled the rest of Ottoman Syria (including Lebanon , Alexandretta , and portions of Cilicia ). In the early 1920s, British and French control of these territories became formalized by the League of Nations ' mandate system. And on 29 September 1923 France was assigned the League of Nations mandate of Syria, which included the territory of present-day Lebanon and Alexandretta in addition to modern Syria. The administration of the region under the French was carried out through a number of different governments and territories, including the Syrian Federation (1922–24), the State of Syria (1924–30) and the Syrian Republic (1930–1950) , as well as smaller states: the State of Greater Lebanon , the Alawite State and Jabal Druze State . Hatay State was annexed by Turkey in 1939. The French mandate lasted until 1946, when French troops eventually left Syria and Lebanon, which had both declared independence during World War II .

League of Nations mandate The Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon ( French : Mandat pour la Syrie et le Liban ; Arabic : الانتداب الفرنسي على سوريا ولبنان , romanized : al-intidāb al-faransī ʻalā sūriyā wa-lubnān , also referred to as the Levant States ; 1923−1946) was a League of Nations mandate founded in the aftermath of the First World War and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire , concerning the territories of Syria and Lebanon . The mandate system was supposed to differ from colonialism , with the governing country intended to act as a trustee until the inhabitants were considered eligible for self-government . At that point, the mandate would terminate and a sovereign state would be born. During the two years that followed the end of the war in 1918—and in accordance with the Sykes–Picot Agreement signed by the United Kingdom and France during the war—the British held control of most of Ottoman Iraq (now Iraq ) and the southern part of Ottoman Syria (now Israel , Palestine and Transjordan ), while the French controlled the rest of Ottoman Syria (including Lebanon , Alexandretta , and portions of Cilicia ). In the early 1920s, British and French control of these territories became formalized by the League of Nations ' mandate system. And on 29 September 1923 France was assigned the League of Nations mandate of Syria, which included the territory of present-day Lebanon and Alexandretta in addition to modern Syria. The League of Nations monitored the mandates through the Permanent Mandates Commission (PMC). The PMC allowed other states to voice their thoughts on the management of the mandates, such as in economic matters. The administration of the region under the French was carried out through a number of different governments and territories, including the Syrian Federation (1922–1924), the State of Syria (1925-1930) and the Mandatory Syrian Republic (1930–1946) , as well as smaller states: Greater Lebanon , the Alawite State , and the Jabal Druze State . Hatay State was annexed by Turkey in 1939. The French mandate lasted until 1946, when French troops eventually left Syria and Lebanon, which had both declared independence during World War II . The Middle East and the Making of the Modern World .