Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Sheikh Muhammad Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab ( ) (born 1703 in Uyaynah ; died 1792) was a Muslim scholar.

Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab ( / w ə ˈ h ɑː b / ; ; 1703 – 22 June 1792) was a Sunni preacher and scholar from Saudi Arabia in central Arabia who founded an Islamic movement in an effort to purify Islam by returning Muslims to what, he believed, were the original principles of that religion That is Following Quran Hadith and Understanding it in the way the salaf first three generations of Muslims understood it. He therefore rejected certain common Muslim practices which he regarded as amounting to either religious innovation ( bid‘ah ) or polytheism ( Shirk ). His movement is today often known as " Salafism " , or wahabism although many adherents see this as a derogatory term coined by his opponents, and prefer it to be known as " Salafism ". Many scholars claim that Salafism is a term applicable to several forms of puritanical Islam in various parts of the world, while Wahhabism refers to the specific Saudi school, which is seen as a more strict form of Salafism. According to Ahmad Moussalli, professor of political science at the American University of Beirut, "As a rule, all Wahhabis are salafists, but not all salafists are Wahhabis". Yet others mean that while Wahhabism and Salafism originally were two different things, they became practically indistinguishable in the 1970s. Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's pact with Muhammad bin Saud helped to establish the first Saudi state and began a dynastic alliance and power-sharing arrangement between their families which continues to the present day in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia . The descendants of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, the Al ash-Sheikh , have historically led the ulama in the Saudi state, dominating the state's clerical institutions. The National, March 18, 2010: There is no such thing as Wahabism, Saudi prince says Linked 2015-03-03 Commins, David (2009). The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia . Thus, the mission's devotees contend that 'Wahhabism' is a misnomer for their efforts to revive correct Islamic belief and practice. Instead of the Wahhabi label, they prefer either salafi , one who follows the ways of the first Muslim ancestors ( salaf ), or muwahhid , one who professes God's unity.

Islamic scholar, jurist and cleric Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab ( / w ə ˈ h ɑː b / ; ; 1703 – 22 June 1792) was a religious leader, Islamic scholar and theologian from Najd in central Arabia , founder of the Islamic doctrine and movement known as Wahhabism . Born to a family of jurists , Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's early education consisted of learning a fairly standard curriculum of orthodox jurisprudence according to the Hanbali school of law , which was the school of law most prevalent in his area of birth. Despite his initial rudimentary training in classical Sunni Muslim tradition, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab gradually became opposed to many of the most popular Sunni practices such as the visitation to and the veneration of the tombs of saints , which he felt amounted to heretical religious innovation or even idolatry . Despite his teachings being rejected and opposed by many of the most notable Sunni Muslim scholars of the period, including his own father and brother, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab charted a religio-political pact with Muhammad bin Saud to help him to establish the Emirate of Diriyah , the first Saudi state, and began a dynastic alliance and power-sharing arrangement between their families which continues to the present day in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia . The Al ash-Sheikh , Saudi Arabia's leading religious family, are the descendants of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, and have historically led the ulama in the Saudi state, dominating the state's clerical institutions. "Sufism,‘popular’Islam and the encounter with modernity." Islam and modernity: key issues and debates (2009): 125-157. Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Then the Death Threats Began" . The New York Times . Michael Sells , Professor of History and Literature of Islam and Comparative Literature at the Divinity School of the University of Chicago (22 December 2016). Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity . Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire .

Islamic scholar and founder of Wahhabism (1703–1792) For other people with similar names, see Muhammad 'Abd al-Wahhab . Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman al-Tamimi ( ; 1703–1792) was a Sunni Muslim scholar , theologian , preacher , activist , religious leader, jurist , and reformer from Najd in central Arabia , considered as the eponymous founder of the so-called Wahhabi movement . His prominent students included his sons Ḥusayn, Abdullāh , ʿAlī, and Ibrāhīm, his grandson ʿAbdur-Raḥman ibn Ḥasan, his son-in-law ʿAbdul-ʿAzīz ibn Muḥammad ibn Saʿūd , Ḥamād ibn Nāṣir ibn Muʿammar, and Ḥusayn āl-Ghannām. The label "Wahhabi" is not claimed by his followers but rather employed by Western scholars as well as his critics. Born to a family of jurists , Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's early education consisted of learning a fairly standard curriculum of orthodox jurisprudence according to the Hanbali school of Islamic law , which was the school most prevalent in his area of birth. He promoted strict adherence to traditional Islamic law, proclaiming the necessity of returning directly to the Quran and ḥadīth literature rather than relying on medieval interpretations, and insisted that every Muslim – male and female – personally read and study the Quran. He opposed taqlid (blind following) and called for the use of ijtihad (independent legal reasoning through research of scripture). Being given religious training under various Sunni Muslim scholars during his travels to in Hejaz and Basra , Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab gradually became opposed to certain popular, yet contested, religious practices such as the visitation to and veneration of the shrines and tombs of Muslim saints , which he condemned as heretical religious innovation or even idolatry . While being known as a Hanbali jurist, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab minimized reliance on medieval legal manuals, instead engaging in direct interpretation of religious scriptures, based on the principles of Hanbali jurisprudence . His call for social reforms was based on the key doctrine of tawhid (oneness of God), and was greatly inspired by the treatises of classical scholars Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728 A.H/ 1328 C.E) and Ibn Qayyim (d. 751 A.H/ 1350 C.E). Despite his teachings being rejected and opposed by various critics amongst the contemporary Sunni clergy, such as his own father and brother (Imam Sulaymān) , who, however, upon understanding the aims and core of the Salafi movement, they declared their repentance and started to support him , Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab charted a religio-political pact with Muhammad bin Saud to help him to establish the Emirate of Diriyah , the first Saudi state, and began a dynastic alliance and power-sharing arrangement between their families which continues to the present day in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia . The Al ash-Sheikh , Saudi Arabia's leading religious family, are the descendants of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, and have historically led the ulama in the Saudi state, dominating the state's clerical institutions. The New Encyclopedia of Islam . The Wahhabis are often said to 'belong' to the Hanbali School of Law ( madhhab ), but strictly speaking, like the Ahl al-Hadith ... they are ghayr muqallidun ('non-adherents'), and do not see themselves as belonging to any school, any more than the first Muslim generations did. He was not a great intellectual like Ibn Qudama, Ibn Taymiyya, or Ibn al-Qayyim but rather an activist. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World . Muhammad ibn ῾Abd al-Wahhab (1703–1792), was a scholar and Hanbali jurist who called for a return to the fundamental sources of Islamic revelation, the Qur᾽an and sunna (example of the prophet Muhammad) for direct interpretation, resulting in decreased attention to and reliance upon medieval interpretations of these sources "Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad (d. 1791 )" . The Oxford Dictionary of Islam . Prodaimed the necessity of returning directly to the Quran and hadith, rather than relying on medieval interpretations. Encyclopedia of Islamic Civilisation and Religion . The Encyclopaedia of Islam: New Edition . Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad (1703–1791) conservative religious reformer who launched the Wahhabi movement. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition . The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World . Plans for socioreligious reform in society were based on the key doctrine of tawhid (oneness of God) J. Die Welt des Islams . 42 (3: Arabic Literature and Islamic Scholarship in the 17th/18th Century: Topics and Biographies ).

Islamic scholar, jurist, and eponym of Wahhabi movement (1703–1792) from Saudi Arabia For other people with similar names, see Muhammad 'Abd al-Wahhab (disambiguation) . Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn Sulaymān al-Tamīmī (1703–1792) was a Sunni Muslim scholar , theologian , preacher , activist , religious leader, jurist , and reformer, who was from Najd in Arabian Peninsula and is considered as the eponymous founder of the Wahhabi movement . His prominent students included his sons Ḥusayn, Abdullāh , ʿAlī, and Ibrāhīm, his grandson ʿAbdur-Raḥman ibn Ḥasan, his son-in-law ʿAbdul-ʿAzīz ibn Muḥammad ibn Saʿūd , Ḥamād ibn Nāṣir ibn Muʿammar, and Ḥusayn āl-Ghannām. The label "Wahhabi" is not claimed by his followers but rather employed by Western scholars as well as his critics. Born to a family of jurists , Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's early education consisted of learning a fairly standard curriculum of orthodox jurisprudence according to the Hanbali school of Islamic law , which was the school most prevalent in his area of birth. He promoted strict adherence to traditional Islamic law, proclaiming the necessity of returning directly to the Quran and ḥadīth literature rather than relying on medieval interpretations, and insisted that every Muslim – male and female – personally read and study the Quran. He opposed taqlid (blind following) and called for the use of ijtihad (independent legal reasoning through research of scripture). Being given religious training under various Sunni Muslim scholars during his travels to Hejaz and Basra , Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab gradually became opposed to certain rituals and practices such as the visitation to and veneration of the shrines and tombs of Muslim saints , which he condemned as heretical religious innovation or even idolatry . While being known as a Hanbali jurist, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab minimized reliance on medieval legal manuals, instead engaging in direct interpretation of religious scriptures, based on the principles of Hanbali jurisprudence . His call for social reforms was based on the key doctrine of tawhid (oneness of God), and was greatly inspired by the treatises of classical scholars Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728 A.H/ 1328 C.E) and Ibn Qayyim (d. 751 A.H/ 1350 C.E). Despite being opposed or rejected by some of his contemporary critics amongst the religious clergy, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab charted a religio-political pact with Muhammad bin Saud to help him to establish the Emirate of Diriyah , the first Saudi state, and began a dynastic alliance and power-sharing arrangement between their families which continues to the present day in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia . The Al ash-Sheikh , Saudi Arabia's leading religious family, are the descendants of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, and have historically led the ulama in the Saudi state, dominating the state's clerical institutions. The New Encyclopedia of Islam . The Wahhabis are often said to 'belong' to the Hanbali School of Law ( madhhab ), but strictly speaking, like the Ahl al-Hadith ... they are ghayr muqallidun ('non-adherents'), and do not see themselves as belonging to any school, any more than the first Muslim generations did. He was not a great intellectual like Ibn Qudama, Ibn Taymiyya, or Ibn al-Qayyim but rather an activist. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World . Muhammad ibn ῾Abd al-Wahhab (1703–1792), was a scholar and Hanbali jurist who called for a return to the fundamental sources of Islamic revelation, the Qur᾽an and sunna (example of Muhammad) for direct interpretation, resulting in decreased attention to and reliance upon medieval interpretations of these sources "Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad (d. 1791 )" . The Oxford Dictionary of Islam . Prodaimed the necessity of returning directly to the Quran and hadith, rather than relying on medieval interpretations. Encyclopedia of Islamic Civilisation and Religion . The Encyclopaedia of Islam: New Edition . Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad (1703–1791) conservative religious reformer who launched the so-called Wahhabi movement. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition . The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World . Plans for socioreligious reform in society were based on the key doctrine of tawhid (oneness of God) J. Die Welt des Islams . 42 (3: Arabic Literature and Islamic Scholarship in the 17th/18th Century: Topics and Biographies ). Metz 1992 There are <ref group=Note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a template (see the help page ).