Wikipedia's first sentence called it “french -born author”. Today it says “french-egyptian intellectual who wrote on topics ranging from esotericism”. The one-line description Wikipedia serves to search engines and AI systems read “French metaphysician (1886–1951)”. It now reads “French intellectual (1886–1951)”.
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The opening as it read in 2005
René Guénon (also Sheikh 'Abd al-Wahid Yahya ) ( Blois , November 15 1886 - Cairo , January 7 1951 ) was a French -born author , philosopher , and social critic of the early 20th century . He was the founder of the Traditionalist School . Born in Blois , France into a Catholic household, Guénon excelled as a youth in mathematics and philosophy . Dissatisfied with the status quo of modern society, he moved to Paris in 1907 and became deeply involved in a series of underground cultural movements, including occultism , Gnosticism , and an unorthodox sect of Hinduism . At the same time, he exposed himself to Islam , Christianity , and Buddhism . He was at this time critical of Buddhism as a "Hindu heresy", but later accepted its validity when evidence of its essential orthodoxy was presented to him by Ananda Coomaraswamy . Guénon began writing in the 1920s , after World War I , the war which was believed to end all wars. Western civilization was overwhelmed with a sense of relief and euphoria. Guénon, seeing this as delusion, criticized the society of his day as being disorganized and reckless. "It is as if an organism with its head cut off were to go on living," he wrote in 1924 . Guénon's main criticism of despiritualized Western culture was its self-proud lack of recognition of a greater power which maintained a higher order than that of man. Shortly after beginning his writing career, Guénon studied Sufism , despite a growing anti-religion prejudice in the country. Guénon believed in a universal objective spiritual truth, or religio perennis , of a supreme God and a hierarchy of spirits, which could be expressed in the terms of any religion. Guénon also believed that if this truth was presented properly, even the anti-religious intellectuals of his day would accept it. He wrote Introduction to the Study of the Hindu Doctrines in 1921 in an attempt to begin expressing this truth. Guénon left Paris in 1930 and moved to Cairo, Egypt , where he would remain for the rest of his life, living as a Sufi. Having offended the Paris intellectuals whom he considered his peers, especially with two books denouncing occultism , he feared being attacked by his enemies through magic or spiritual energy, and lived primarily incognito. Guenon had been a Sufi Muslim since 1912, having chosen the name Abd al-Wahid Yahya . Guénon championed the validity of other religions as vehicles of the one same Truth , though designed for the acceptance of different cultures . Buddhism , Christianity , and Islam were among those with which he concerned himself most, in terms of rectifying their values as distortions of (but ultimately soundly based upon) the Universal Truth. Guénon wrote a compendium of universal spiritual symbols, Fundamental Symbols: The Universal Language of Sacred Science , which was published in 1962 . It attempted to illustrate common meanings and interpretations of images, concepts, and symbolisms among major religions, again tying them all back into the truth explained by Hinduism. He had a great influence on Julius Evola . Guénon did not believe in purely personal exposition and did not write or contribute to a biography .1
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 16503171.
The opening as it stood in 2010 24 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
René Guénon (November 15, 1886 – January 7, 1951) was a French author and intellectual who remains an influential figure in the domain of metaphysics , having written on topics ranging from metaphysics, sacred science and traditional studies to symbolism and initiation .In his writings, he proposes either "to expose directly some aspects of Eastern metaphysical doctrines", these doctrines being defined by him as of "universal character" or "to adapt these same doctrines [for western readers] while keeping strictly faithful to their spirit"; he only endorsed the function of "handing down" those Eastern doctrines, while stating their "non-individual character".His works, written and first published in French , have been translated into more than twenty languages.There were two original French editions, both under the title Symboles fondamentaux de la Science sacrée , Editions Gallimard, Paris.The first contained a foreword followed by notes and comments by Michel Valsan , the second did not contain these additions."Traditional studies" is a translation of the French Les Etudes Traditionnelles : the title of the journal in which many of René Guénon's articles were published René Guénon, The Symbolism of the Cross , foreword.René Guénon, Man and his Becoming according to Vêdânta , foreword.René Guénon, Introduction to the Study of the Hindu Doctrines , translated by Marco Pallis, 2nd rev. ed.Nicholson), the review by René Guénon of an article by Paul Le Cour which appeared in the Journal Atlantis , February 1936, and reproduced in René Guénon's Reviews : "'our doctrines' do not exist, for the very reason that we haven't done anything else than exposing the best we can traditional doctrines, which should not be the ownership of anyone".
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The opening as it stood in 2015
René Guénon (November 15, 1886 – January 7, 1951), also known as Shaykh 'Abd al-Wahid Yahya , was a French author and intellectual who remains an influential figure in the domain of metaphysics , having written on topics ranging from metaphysics, "sacred science" and traditional studies to symbolism and initiation . In his writings, he proposes either "to expose directly some aspects of Eastern metaphysical doctrines", these doctrines being defined by him as of "universal character", or "to adapt these same doctrines for Western readers while keeping strictly faithful to their spirit"; he only endorsed the act of "handing down" these Eastern doctrines, while reiterating their "non-individual character". He wrote and published in French and his works have been translated into more than twenty languages. There were two original French editions, both under the title Symboles fondamentaux de la Science sacrée , Editions Gallimard, Paris. The first contained a foreword followed by notes and comments by Michel Valsan , the second did not contain these additions. "Traditional studies" is a translation of the French Les Etudes Traditionnelles : the title of the journal in which many of René Guénon's articles were published René Guénon, The Symbolism of the Cross , foreword. René Guénon, Man and his Becoming according to Vêdânta , foreword. René Guénon, Introduction to the Study of the Hindu Doctrines , translated by Marco Pallis, 2nd rev. ed. Nicholson), the review by René Guénon of an article by Paul Le Cour which appeared in the Journal Atlantis , February 1936, and reproduced in René Guénon's Reviews : "'our doctrines' do not exist, for the very reason that we haven't done anything else than exposing the best we can traditional doctrines, which should not be the ownership of anyone".
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 667864566.
The opening as it stood in 2020 5 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
René-Jean-Marie-Joseph Guénon ( ; 15 November 1886 – 7 January 1951), also known as ʿAbd al-Wāḥid Yaḥyá ( ) after his conversion to Islam, was a French author and intellectual who remains an influential figure in the domain of mysticism , having written on topics ranging from sacred studies and traditional studies , to symbolism and initiation . He mainly wrote and published in French, and his works have been translated into more than twenty languages. Later on he perfected his Arabic and from 1931 onwards wrote articles in that language for the journal Al Marifah , while outside French and Arabic he had command over Latin, Greek, Hebrew, English, German, Italian, Spanish, Russian and Polish, able to talk with native speakers in these tongues.He is considered to be an important writer in the Traditionalist School of philosophy.Guénon's philosophy had a "charismatic impact" on Traditionalist authors.The Simple Life of René Guénon . There were two original French editions, both under the title Symboles fondamentaux de la Science sacrée , Editions Gallimard, Paris. The first contained a foreword followed by notes and comments by Michel Valsan , the second did not contain these additions.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 965485084.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023 6 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
French metaphysician (1886–1951) René Jean-Marie-Joseph Guénon (15 November 1886 – 7 January 1951), also known as Abdalwâhid Yahiâ ( ; ʿAbd al-Wāḥid Yaḥiā ), was a French intellectual who remains an influential figure in the domain of metaphysics , having written on topics ranging from esotericism, "sacred science" and "traditional studies" to symbolism and initiation .In his writings, he claims to hand down eastern religious traditions and adapt them to western readers "while keeping strictly faithful to their spirit".Initiated into Islamic esotericism from as early as 1910 when he was 24, he mainly wrote and published in French, and his works have been translated into more than twenty languages; he also wrote in Arabic an article for the journal Al Marifah .Introduction to Magic, Volume II: The Path of Initiatic Wisdom P. 11 "René Guénon et la Tradition primordiale – les idées à l'endroit n°22 – les Amis d'Alain de Benoist" . 27 February 2019.Look to the Land .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1176070424.
The opening as it stood in 2025 2 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
French intellectual (1886–1951) René Jean-Marie-Joseph Guénon (15 November 1886 – 7 January 1951), also known as Abdalwahid Yahia ( Arabic : عبد الـواحد يحيی ; ʿAbd al-Wāḥid Yaḥiā ), was a French intellectual who remains an influential figure in the domain of metaphysics , having written on topics ranging from esotericism, "sacred science" and "traditional studies" to symbolism and initiation . In his writings, he proposes to hand down eastern metaphysics and traditions, these doctrines being defined by him as of "universal character", and adapt them to western readers "while keeping strictly faithful to their spirit". Initiated into Islamic esotericism from as early as 1910 when he was 24, he mainly wrote and published in French, and his works have been translated into more than twenty languages; he also wrote in Arabic an article for the journal Al Marifah .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1294410856. This is our newest snapshot; the live article may have moved again since.
Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “french -born author”. Today it says “french-egyptian intellectual who wrote on topics ranging from esotericism”. The one-line description Wikipedia serves to search engines and AI systems read “French metaphysician (1886–1951)”. It now reads “French intellectual (1886–1951)”. Read the current article and compare.
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What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2005, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
french -born author
Now
french-egyptian intellectual who wrote on topics ranging from esotericism
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.