Wikipedia's first sentence called it “series of buffer states set up charlemagne to keep the muslim moors from advancing into the frankish empire”. Today it says “march or military buffer zone established after the failed umayyad invasion of gaul”.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-03.
We saved snapshots of this article over twenty years; you are reading the 2005 one. Red dashes: removed from Wikipedia since.Pale dots: rewritten; the numbered note shows what it says now.Red text: written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot.1 tap a number or a side note to jump between them
The opening as it read in 2005
Spanish Mark or March) were a series of buffer states set up Charlemagne to keep the Muslim Moors from advancing into the Frankish Empire . The titled was first conferred upon Catalonia , at the start of the Reconquista , and indeed is sometimes used to mean this country alone. In its broader meaning, however, it refers to several former Spanish countries, of which Andorra is the sole surviving independent nation. As time passed, the counts of these countries were gaining independence from the imperial rule. v t e1
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 16531880.
The opening as it stood in 2010 4 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
By the second half of the ninth century, three political subdivisions (marches) existed in the eastern Pyrenees: Toulouse (green), Gothia (blue), and Hispania (pink).At times they were placed under one authority and at other times not.The Marca Hispanica (or Spanish March , also March of Barcelona ) was a buffer zone beyond the province of Septimania , created by Charlemagne in 795 as a defensive barrier between the Umayyad Moors of Al-Andalus and the Frankish Kingdom .In its broader meaning, Marca Hispanica refers to a group of early Iberian lordships or counts created by the Franks, of which Andorra is the sole autonomous survivor.As time passed, these lordships merged or gained independence from Frankish imperial rule.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 367305026.
The opening as it stood in 2015 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
By the second half of the ninth century, three political subdivisions (marches) existed in the eastern Pyrenees: Toulouse (green), Gothia (blue), and Hispania (pink). At times they were placed under one authority and at other times not. The Marca Hispanica ( , , Aragonese and , , ), also known as Spanish March or March of Barcelona was a buffer zone beyond the former province of Septimania , created by Charlemagne in 795 as a defensive barrier between the Umayyad Moors of Al-Andalus and the Frankish Carolingian Empire ( Duchy of Gascony , the Duchy of Aquitaine and Carolingian Septimania ).In its broader meaning, Marca Hispanica sometimes refers to a group of early Iberian and trans-Pyrenean lordships or counts coming under Frankish rule. As time passed, these lordships merged or gained independence from Frankish imperial rule.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 664846585.
The opening as it stood in 2020 3 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Further information: Catalan Counties The Hispanic Marches and surrounding regions.The Hispanic Marches ( , , Aragonese and , , ), also known as the March of Barcelona , was a military buffer zone beyond the former province of Septimania , established by Charlemagne in 795 as a defensive barrier between the Umayyad Moors of Al-Andalus and the Frankish Carolingian Empire ( Duchy of Gascony , the Duchy of Aquitaine and Carolingian Septimania ). In its broader meaning, Hispanic Marches sometimes refers to a group of early Iberian and trans-Pyrenean lordships or counts coming under Frankish rule.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 954531822.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Border territory in the Kingdom of the Franks Further information: Catalan Counties The Spanish March and surrounding regions. The Spanish March or Hispanic March was a military buffer zone beyond the former province of Septimania , established by Charlemagne in 795 as a defensive barrier between the Umayyad Moors of Al-Andalus and the Frankish Carolingian Empire ( Duchy of Gascony , the Duchy of Aquitaine and Carolingian Septimania ). In its broader meaning, Spanish March sometimes refers to a group of early Iberian and trans-Pyrenean lordships or counts coming under Frankish rule. As time passed, these lordships merged or gained independence from Frankish imperial rule.( , , Aragonese and , , ) Chandler, Cullen J."Carolingian Catalonia: The Spanish March and the Franks, c.750-c.1050: Carolingian Catalonia" .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1177947505.
The opening as it stood in 2025 2 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Counties in Southern border of the Frankish Kingdom Further information: Catalan Counties The Spanish March and surrounding regions.The Spanish March or Hispanic March was a march or military buffer zone established c. 795 by Charlemagne in the eastern Pyrenees and nearby areas, to protect the new territories of the Christian Carolingian Empire —the Duchy of Gascony , the Duchy of Aquitaine , and Septimania —from the Muslim Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba in al-Andalus . In its broader meaning, the Spanish March sometimes refers to a group of early Iberian and trans-Pyrenean lordships or counts coming under Frankish rule. As time passed, these lordships merged or gained independence from Frankish imperial rule. "Carolingian Catalonia: The Spanish March and the Franks, c.750-c.1050: Carolingian Catalonia" .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1293304369. This is our newest snapshot; the live article may have moved again since.
Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “series of buffer states set up charlemagne to keep the muslim moors from advancing into the frankish empire”. Today it says “march or military buffer zone established after the failed umayyad invasion of gaul”. Read the current article and compare.
2005
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2005, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
series of buffer states set up charlemagne to keep the muslim moors from advancing into the frankish empire
Now
march or military buffer zone established after the failed umayyad invasion of gaul
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.
