The word “resistance” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak in 2010. Today the opening carries none. 3 remain further down the article, where a reader arriving from a search result does not go.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-02. “resistance” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak. Today the opening has none; the body has 3.
We saved snapshots of this article over twenty years; you are reading the 2010 one. Red dashes: removed from Wikipedia since.Pale dots: rewritten; the numbered note shows what it says now.Red text: written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot.1 tap a number or a side note to jump between them
The opening as it read in 2010
Amadu Amadu (Var.: Ahmadu ibn Ahmadu , Ahmadu III ) (1853 – 16 May 1862) was the last ruler ( Imam or Amir al-Mu´minin ) of the Fula Massina Empire in what is now the Mopti Region of Mali . Amadu Amadu was the grandson of the Empire's founder, Seku Amadu and assumed the throne following his father Amadu Seku 's 1852 abdication. In 1861 Toucouleur conqueror El Hadj Umar Tall took Ségou from its Bambara rulers and launched a fresh jihad down river against the Massina. After a series of bloody battles in which more than 70,000 men died, Amadu Amadu's forces were defeated on the fields before the Empire's capital, Hamdullahi . On March 16, 1862, the city fell, and Amadu Amadu was captured by the Toucouleur and put to death. Though his brother Balobo briefly continued resistance against the Toucouleur, Amadu Amadu's death and the loss of Hamdullahi marked the end of the Massina Empire as an effective force in the region.1
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 358558066.
The opening as it stood in 2015 6 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Amadu III of Masina ( , ), also known as Amadu Amadu (1830 - 16 May 1862) was the third and last ruler of the theocratic Massina Empire (Diina of Hamdullahi ) in the Inner Niger Delta , now the Mopti Region of Mali .He was elected as successor to his father, Amadu II of Masina , in 1853.Throughout most of his rule he was involved in conflict with the jihadist al-Hajj 'Umar Tall , who defeated and executed him on 16 May 1862.There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 562749431.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023
Amadu III of Masina ( , ), also known as Amadu Amadu (1830 - 16 May 1862) was the third and last ruler of the theocratic Caliphate of Hamdullahi (Diina of Hamdullahi ) in the Inner Niger Delta , now the Mopti Region of Mali . He was elected as successor to his father, Amadu II of Masina , in 1853. Throughout most of his rule he was involved in conflict with the jihadist al-Hajj 'Umar Tall , who defeated and executed him on 16 May 1862. There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1059665146.
The opening as it stood in 2025
Ruler of Hamdullahi in Mali (1830–1862) Amadu III of Masina ( Arabic : أحمد بن أحمد بن أحمد لبّو , Fula : Āmadu mo Āmadu mo Āmadu Lobbo ), also known as Amadu Amadu (1830 - 16 May 1862) was the third and last ruler of the theocratic Caliphate of Hamdullahi (Diina of Hamdullahi ) in the Inner Niger Delta , now the Mopti Region of Mali . He was elected as successor to his father, Amadu II of Masina , in 1853. Throughout most of his rule he was involved in conflict with the jihadist al-Hajj 'Umar Tall , who defeated and executed him on 16 May 1862. There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1269990400. This is our newest snapshot; the live article may have moved again since.
Today
“resistance” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak. Today the opening has none; the body has 3. Read the current article and compare.
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
jihad
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1
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Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined between 2010 and 6 October 2023.
Then
last ruler
Now
third and last ruler of the theocratic caliphate of hamdullahi
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.
