Av Beit Din

Av Beit Din , Av Beis Din , or Av Beiyth Diyn ( , "Chief of the Court"). was the second-highest ranking member of the Sanhedrin during the Second Commonwealth period. He presided over the Sanhedrin in the absence of the Nasi , and was the chief of the Sanhedrin when it sat as a criminal court. He sat with seven other judges while hearing a case. It is presently being used as an honorific title for the presiding rabbi of a beit/beis/beiyth diyn (rabbinical court), who is typically the salaried rabbi of the local Jewish community and not necessarily a renowned posek ("decisor" of Jewish law .) It is also abbreviated as ABD when it is appended after the name of the Chief Rabbi of a national Jewish community. v t e

Av Beit Din , Av Beis Din , or Abh Beyth Diyn (abbreviated: AB"D ) ( , "Chief of the Court") was the second-highest-ranking member of the Sanhedrin during the Second Commonwealth period. The president, who bore the title Nasi , was in a way the supervisor, but not a member of the court, which consisted of seventy members. The most learned and important of these seventy members was called Av Beit Din, a title similar to that of vice-president. The Av Beit Din presided over the Sanhedrin in the absence of the Nasi , and was the chief of the Sanhedrin when it sat as a criminal court. He sat with seven other judges while hearing a case. The last Av Beth Din in Jewish tradition is Menahem the Essene who abdicated to "serve the King" in 20CE. Caiaphas was set to be next Av Beth Din but was opposed by the House of Shammai until Gamaliel became Nasi. Talmudic Judaism does not recognise any Av Beth Din after Menachem. In modern times it is used as an honorific title for the presiding rabbi of a beth din (rabbinical court), who is typically the salaried rabbi of the local Jewish community and usually a posek ("decisor" of Jewish law ). It is also abbreviated as AB"D when it is after the name of the Chief Rabbi of a national Jewish community. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Singer, Isidore ; et al., eds.

Second-highest-ranking member of the Sanhedrin during the Second Temple period The av beit din ( ʾabh bêth dîn , "chief of the court" or "chief justice" ), also spelled av beis din or abh beth din and abbreviated ABD ( ), was the second-highest-ranking member of the Sanhedrin during the Second Temple period , and served as an assistant to the Nasi (Prince). The Av Beit Din was known as the "Master of the Court;" he was considered the most learned and important of these seventy members. Menahem the Essene served as Av Beth Din in the 1st century BCE, before abdicating to "serve the King" in 20 BCE. Caiaphas was set to be next Av Beth Din but was opposed by the House of Shammai until Gamaliel became Nasi. Apparently the post of Av Beit Din was eventually filled, since the Babylonian Talmud states that Joshua ben Hananiah was Av Beit Din and Nathan the Babylonian was Av Beit Din. The Jerusalem Talmud tells the story of how Gamaliel II was deposed and Eleazar ben Azariah replaced him as Nasi. After Gamaliel was reinstated, Eleazar ben Azariah was made Av Beit Din. The parallel story in the Babylonian Talmud has Eleazar ben Azariah remaining as a co-Nasi with Gamaliel. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Singer, Isidore ; et al., eds.

Second-highest-ranking member of the Sanhedrin during the Second Temple period The av beit din ( Hebrew : אָב בֵּית דִּין , romanized : ʾāḇ bēṯ din , lit. ' chief of the court, chief justice ' ), abbreviated abd ( אב״ד avad ), was the second-highest-ranking member of the Sanhedrin during the Second Temple period and served as an assistant to the nasi . The av beit din was known as the "Master of the Court;" he was considered the most learned and important of these seventy members. Menahem the Essene served as av beit din in the 1st century BCE before abdicating to "serve the King" in 20 BCE. The House of Shammai attained complete ascendency over the Sanhedrin from 9 CE until Gamaliel became nasi in 30 CE. The post of av beit din was eventually filled since the Babylonian Talmud states that Joshua ben Hananiah was the av beit din in Baba Kamma 74b and Nathan the Babylonian was av beit din in Horayot 13b in the Babylonian Talmud . The Jerusalem Talmud tells the story of how Gamaliel II was deposed and Eleazar ben Azariah replaced him as Nasi. After Gamaliel was reinstated, Eleazar ben Azariah was made av beit din. The parallel story in the Babylonian Talmud has Eleazar ben Azariah remaining as a co-nasi with Gamaliel. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Singer, Isidore ; et al., eds.