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The word appeared 1 times in the opening at its peak in 2005. It is absent from today's opening, the part search engines quote and AI systems train on, checked against the live article on 2026-08-02.

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What did Wikipedia remove from the Benjamin of Tudela article?

The opening as it read in 2005

Benjamin of Tudela was a medieval Spanish Jewish Rabbi, traveler and explorer. His vivid descriptions of Asia preceded those of Marco Polo by one hundred years, covering an even greater distance.¹ With his broad education and vast knowledge of languages, Benjamin of Tudela was a major figure in the history of geography and Jewish history .² Benjamin set out on his 13-year journey throughout the known world in 1160 , in what began as a pilgrimage to the Holy Land . He had probably hoped to originally settle there but in fact he took the "long road" stopping frequently, meeting people, visiting places, describing occupations and giving a demographic count of Jews in every town and country. In his journey he passed through large swathes of Europe , Asia, and Africa . He began in the town of Saragossa , going north through southern France , then setting sail from the port of Marseilles . After visiting Rome and Constantinople , he set off across Asia, visiting Syria and Palestine before reaching Baghdad . From there he went to Persia , then cut back across the Arabian Peninsula to Egypt and North Africa , returning to Spain in 1173 . In all he visted over 300 cities including Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Jerusalem, Damascus, Baghdad and beyond. He described his thirteen years abroad in a book, The Voyages of Benjamin (also known as מסעות בנימין, Safer ha-Massaot, The Book of Travels ). This book describes the countries he visited, with an emphasis on the Jewish communities, including their total populations and the names of notable community leaders. He also described the customs of the local population, both Jewish and non-Jewish, with an emphasis on urban life there. There are also detailed descriptions of sites and landmarks he passed along the way, as well as important buildings and marketplaces. Benjamin is noted for not only telling facts, but citing his sources; historians regard him as highly trustworthy.³ The Voyages of Benjamin is an important work not only as a description of the Jewish communities, but also as a reliable source about the geography and ethnography of the Middle Ages. As well some modern historians credit Benjamin as giving very accurate descriptions of every-day life in the Middle Ages. Originally written in Hebrew, it was translated in to Latin and later translated into most major European languages, receiving considerable attention in the sixteenth century.⁴

This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 17975872.

The opening as it stood in 2010 17 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear

Map of the route Benjamin of Tudela ( , ) was a medieval Navarrese adventurer, sometimes called "Rabbi", who traveled through Europe , Asia , and Africa in the 12th century. His vivid descriptions of western Asia preceded those of Marco Polo by a hundred years. With his broad education and vast knowledge of languages, Benjamin of Tudela is a major figure in medieval geography and Judaism .

Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 362319592.

The opening as it stood in 2015 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear

Map of route Benjamin of Tudela ( , ; ;‎ Tudela , Kingdom of Navarre , 1130 – Castile , 1173) was a medieval Jewish traveler who visited Europe , Asia , and Africa in the 12th century. His vivid descriptions of western Asia preceded those of Marco Polo by a hundred years. With his broad education and vast knowledge of languages, Benjamin of Tudela is a major figure in medieval geography and Jewish history . Little is known of his early life, apart from the fact that he was from the Navarrese town of Tudela in what is now Spain . Today, a street in the aljama (former Jewish quarter) is named after him. The Travels of Benjamin is an important work not only as a description of the Jewish communities, but also as a reliable source about the geography and ethnography of the Middle Ages. Some modern historians credit Benjamin with giving accurate descriptions of every-day life in the Middle Ages. Originally written in Hebrew , his itinerary was translated into Latin and later translated into most major European languages. It received much attention from Renaissance scholars in the 16th century.

Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 666478331.

The opening as it stood in 2020 2 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear

Jewish explorer and writer Map of route Benjamin of Tudela ( , ; Binyamin al-Tutayli ;‎ Tudela , Kingdom of Navarre , 1130 – Castile , 1173) was a medieval Jewish traveler who visited Europe , Asia , and Africa in the 12th century. His vivid descriptions of western Asia preceded those of Marco Polo by a hundred years. With his broad education and vast knowledge of languages, Benjamin of Tudela is a major figure in medieval geography and Jewish history . The Travels of Benjamin is an important work not only as a description of the Jewish communities, but also as a reliable source about the geography and ethnography of the Middle Ages. Some modern historians credit Benjamin with giving accurate descriptions of everyday life in the Middle Ages. Originally written in Hebrew , his itinerary was translated into Latin and later translated into most major European languages. It received much attention from Renaissance scholars in the 16th century. His journeys reveal the concurrent interconnectedness and diversity of Jewish communities during this time period.

Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 965377185.

The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023

Jewish explorer and writer (1130–1173) Map of route Benjamin of Tudela ( , ; ,‎ Binyamin al-Tutayli ; Tudela , Kingdom of Navarre , 1130 – Castile , 1173) was a medieval Jewish traveler who visited Europe , Asia , and Africa in the twelfth century. His vivid descriptions of western Asia preceded those of Marco Polo by a hundred years. With his broad education and vast knowledge of languages, Benjamin of Tudela is a major figure in medieval geography and Jewish history . The Travels of Benjamin is an important work not only as a description of the Jewish communities, but also as a reliable source about the geography and ethnography of the Middle Ages . Some modern historians credit Benjamin with giving accurate descriptions of everyday life in the Middle Ages. Originally written in Hebrew , his itinerary was translated into Latin and later translated into most major European languages. It received much attention from Renaissance scholars in the sixteenth century. His journeys reveal the concurrent interconnectedness and diversity of Jewish communities during this time period.

Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1177991126.

The opening as it stood in 2025

Jewish explorer and writer (1130–1173) Benjamin of Tudela ( fl. c. 12th century ), also known as Benjamin ben Jonah , was a medieval Jewish traveler who visited Europe , Asia , and Africa in the twelfth century. His vivid descriptions of western Asia preceded those of Marco Polo by a hundred years. With his broad education and vast knowledge of languages, Benjamin of Tudela is a major figure in medieval geography and Jewish history . The Travels of Benjamin is an important work not only as a description of the Jewish communities, but also as a reliable source about the geography and ethnography of the Middle Ages . Some modern historians credit Benjamin with giving accurate descriptions of everyday life in the Middle Ages. Originally written in Hebrew , his itinerary was translated into Latin and later translated into most major European languages. It received much attention from Renaissance scholars in the sixteenth century. His journeys reveal the concurrent interconnectedness and diversity of Jewish communities during this time period. There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a template (see the help page ).

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